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International Journal of Group... Oct 2023Utilizing the work of Wilfred Bion, Harry Stack Sullivan, and other theorists and practitioners, as well as philosophers and students of race in America, this article...
Utilizing the work of Wilfred Bion, Harry Stack Sullivan, and other theorists and practitioners, as well as philosophers and students of race in America, this article argues that racism/white supremacy sabotages our work, and yet is fundamental to our way of doing, being, and thinking in our society. As a result of the centrality of racism/white supremacy, the author lays out four challenges which, if met, will aid in overcoming racism/white supremacy: (a) the first challenge of denial, (b) the second challenge of impaired empathy (and the failure to think), (c) the experience of shame, and (d) the denial of death. The article discusses each of these and concludes with a word on the possibility of passion-if we are able to overcome racism/white supremacy.
Topics: Humans; Racism; White; Chlorhexidine; Emotions; Empathy
PubMed: 38446610
DOI: 10.1080/00207284.2023.2290610 -
Transgender Health Oct 2023A large body of research finds that sexual and gender minorities experience disparities in health equity that stem from structural discrimination. In particular,...
A large body of research finds that sexual and gender minorities experience disparities in health equity that stem from structural discrimination. In particular, transgender and gender diverse (TGD) patients face barriers in access to gender-affirming care (GAC). As of December 2021, 35 state legislatures have introduced >100 bills that categorically deny TGD individuals' human rights and outlaw medically necessary GAC. Importantly, the economic consequences of discriminatory legislation and denial of health care for TGD individuals are void in the literature. This perspective outlines the economic impact of antitransgender policy and calls for federal intervention to protect TGD rights.
PubMed: 37810936
DOI: 10.1089/trgh.2021.0126 -
Psychiatry, Psychology, and Law : An... 2024In many Western jurisdictions, criminal suspects undergoing police interrogations have the right to remain silent. In this experiment, we examined the effects of...
In many Western jurisdictions, criminal suspects undergoing police interrogations have the right to remain silent. In this experiment, we examined the effects of remaining silent during police questioning on laypersons' perceptions of a suspect. Participants ( = 126) read one of three mock-interview transcripts (i.e. admission, denial or silence) and indicated the extent to which they agreed or disagreed that a male suspect in a missing person case was guilty, cooperative, trustworthy and rational. Participants expressed stronger agreement that the suspect was guilty when he admitted guilt than when he denied involvement or remained silent. When the suspect remained silent, participants viewed the suspect as less cooperative than when the suspect denied or admitted guilt and as less rational than when the suspect denied committing the crime. Our findings provide some support for the notion that remaining silent during police questioning may be viewed unfavourably by external observers.
PubMed: 38628249
DOI: 10.1080/13218719.2023.2175074 -
Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) Aug 2023Human infections that originate in animals are quite frequent and warrant further investigation [...].
Human infections that originate in animals are quite frequent and warrant further investigation [...].
PubMed: 37764889
DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12091081 -
Journal of Public Health (Oxford,... May 2024This analysis posits that COVID-19-related worker mental distress may be different for those continuously employed and for those who faced temporary job loss.
BACKGROUND
This analysis posits that COVID-19-related worker mental distress may be different for those continuously employed and for those who faced temporary job loss.
METHODS
Mental distress during COVID-19 is characterized using two nationally representative surveys, the American Trend Panel (ATP) and the Household Pulse Survey (HPS). Using a probit model, we examine workplace perceptions for the mentally distressed in the ATP sample. We use graphical analysis to identify barriers to seeking mental healthcare using the 2021-22 HPS sample.
RESULTS
In October 2020, the probability of mental distress increased between 7.1 and 9.1 percentage points in response to worsening work-life balance, lowered job security, lowered work productivity and lowered work satisfaction. Workers' perception of advancement denial and poor connectivity with coworkers increased the probability of mental distress by 3.0-5.8 percentage points. In October 2021, over 40% of workers who had experienced job loss reported mental distress as compared to 20% of those with jobs. Only 25% of those with mental distress sought counseling. These high levels of mental distress continued into October 2022.
CONCLUSIONS
Mitigation strategies for worker mental health should include prosocial nudges, attention to employment history, managerial sensitivity and worker resilience training.
Topics: Humans; COVID-19; Male; Adult; Female; Middle Aged; SARS-CoV-2; United States; Psychological Distress; Stress, Psychological; Workplace; Job Satisfaction; Surveys and Questionnaires; Work-Life Balance; Employment
PubMed: 38515314
DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdae032 -
Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) Aug 2023Having a large number of device connections provides attackers with multiple ways to attack a network. This situation can lead to distributed denial-of-service (DDoS)... (Review)
Review
Having a large number of device connections provides attackers with multiple ways to attack a network. This situation can lead to distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks, which can cause fiscal harm and corrupt data. Thus, irregularity detection in traffic data is crucial in detecting malicious behavior in a network, which is essential for network security and the integrity of modern Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS). Nevertheless, studies have shown that current techniques are ineffective at detecting DDoS attacks on networks, especially in the case of high-speed networks (HSN), as detecting attacks on the latter is very complex due to their fast packet processing. This review aims to study and compare different approaches to detecting DDoS attacks, using machine learning (ML) techniques such as k-means, K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), and Naive Bayes (NB) used in intrusion detection systems (IDSs) and flow-based IDSs, and expresses data paths for packet filtering for HSN performance. This review highlights the high-speed network accuracy evaluation factors, provides a detailed DDoS attack taxonomy, and classifies detection techniques. Moreover, the existing literature is inspected through a qualitative analysis, with respect to the factors extracted from the presented taxonomy of irregular traffic pattern detection. Different research directions are suggested to support researchers in identifying and designing the optimal solution by highlighting the issues and challenges of DDoS attacks on high-speed networks.
PubMed: 37571632
DOI: 10.3390/s23156850 -
Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica May 2024The aim of this review is to illustrate an innovative framework for assessing the psychosocial aspects of medical disorders within the biopsychosocial model. It is based... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this review is to illustrate an innovative framework for assessing the psychosocial aspects of medical disorders within the biopsychosocial model. It is based on clinimetrics, the science of clinical measurements. It may overcome the limitations of DSM-5 in identifying highly individualized responses at the experiential, behavioral, and interpersonal levels.
METHOD
A critical review of the clinimetric formulations of the biopsychosocial model in the setting of medical disease was performed. References were identified through searches from PubMed for English articles on human subjects published from January 1982 to October 2023.
RESULTS
Clinimetric methods of classification have been found to deserve special attention in four major areas: allostatic load (the cumulative cost of fluctuating and heightened neural or neuroendocrine responses to environmental stressors); health attitudes and behavior; persistent somatization; demoralization and irritable mood. This type of assessment, integrated with traditional psychiatric nosography, may disclose pathophysiological links and provide clinical characterizations that demarcate major prognostic and therapeutic differences among patients who otherwise seem deceptively similar because they have the same medical diagnosis. It may be of value in a number of medical situations, such as: high level of disability or compromised quality of life in relation to what is expected by disease status; delayed or partial recovery; insufficient participation in self-management and/or rehabilitation; failure to resume healthy role after convalescence; unhealthy lifestyle; high attendance of medical facilities disproportionate to detectable disease; lack of treatment adherence; illness denial.
CONCLUSIONS
The clinimetric approach to the assessment of key psychosocial variables may lead to unique individual profiles, that take into account both biology and biography. It may offer new opportunities for integrating psychosocial and medical perspectives.
Topics: Humans; Quality of Life; Irritable Mood; Patient Care; Health Status; Attitude to Health
PubMed: 38303125
DOI: 10.1111/acps.13667 -
Public Understanding of Science... May 2024Despite scientific consensus on climate change, climate denial is still widespread. While much research has characterised climate denial, comparatively fewer studies...
Despite scientific consensus on climate change, climate denial is still widespread. While much research has characterised climate denial, comparatively fewer studies have systematically examined how to counteract it. This review fills this gap by exploring the research about counteracting climate denial, the effectiveness and the intentions behind intervention. Through a systematic selection and analysis of 65 scientific articles, this review finds multiple intervention forms, including education, message framing and inoculation. The intentions of intervening range from changing understanding of climate science, science advocacy, influencing mitigation attitudes and counteracting vested industry. A number of divergent findings emerge: whether to separate science from policy; the disputed effects of emotions and the longitudinal impacts of interventions. The review offers guiding questions for those interested in counteracting denialism, the answers to which indicate particular strategies: identify the form of climate denial; consider the purpose of intervention and recognise one's relationship to their audiences.
Topics: Attitude; Climate Change; Denial, Psychological; Public Opinion
PubMed: 38243813
DOI: 10.1177/09636625231223425 -
Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery.... Oct 2023Despite evidence documenting the physical and psychological benefits of breast reduction, third-party payer approval remains a cumbersome process. The objective of this...
BACKGROUND
Despite evidence documenting the physical and psychological benefits of breast reduction, third-party payer approval remains a cumbersome process. The objective of this study was to assess differences in medical necessity criteria for reduction mammaplasty among US insurance carriers while analyzing trends in claim denials and appeals.
METHODS
The medical necessity criteria for reduction mammaplasty were retrieved from seven large health insurance carriers. Data were extracted from each policy, including claim requirements for approval. Additionally, prospective data on claims and denials submitted from January through August 2022 were collected from The Auctus Group, a medical consulting firm.
RESULTS
All the policies have been updated since January 2020. Five of the seven policies specifically listed what documentation was required for preauthorization approval, with five third-party payers requiring photograph documentation. Policies required documentation of one to three symptoms lasting from 6 weeks to 1 year. All companies reported a tissue resection estimate threshold, but cutoffs varied. Of 380 reduction mammaplasties performed, 158 (41.6%) received a denial on initial insurance submission. Considering appeals, a total of 216 denials were reviewed with an average of 1.37 denials per patient. Of the 158 initial denials, 104 (65.8%) of these were from claims that received preauthorization. In 12 cases, third-party payers stated that no prior authorization was necessary yet still denied the claim.
CONCLUSIONS
Wide variability exists in medical necessity criteria for reduction mammaplasty policies among major insurance carriers. These nuances introduce inefficiencies for practices contributing to high denial and appeal rates while delaying surgical care for patients.
PubMed: 37900990
DOI: 10.1097/GOX.0000000000005361 -
Aerospace Medicine and Human Performance Dec 2023Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the leading cause of denial or withdrawal of flying privileges for aircrew. Screening for CAD is therefore crucial. The present study...
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the leading cause of denial or withdrawal of flying privileges for aircrew. Screening for CAD is therefore crucial. The present study analyzed German military aircrew with diagnosed CAD and/or acute coronary syndrome despite close medical monitoring with the intention to further optimize individual outcomes and aeromedical disposition. The digital information systems of the German Air Force Centre of Aerospace Medicine were searched for pilots and nonpilot aircrew with CAD and/or myocardial infarction (MI). They were retrospectively analyzed for age at initial diagnosis, body mass index, cardiovascular risk factors, diagnostic procedures, treatment, and aeromedical disposition. Between February 1987 and March 2023, 126 aircrew, 55% pilots and 45% nonpilot aircrew, were identified with CAD and/or MI. An accumulation of two to six risk factors was found in 77% of both groups. Most pilots (54%) received conservative treatment, 44% underwent percutaneous coronary intervention, and 3% coronary artery bypass grafting. In the group of nonpilot aircrew, conservative treatment was performed in 47%, coronary intervention in 37%, and bypass grafting in 16%. A total of 45 pilots (65%) returned to flying duties, albeit 39 (57%) with restrictions. In the group of nonpilot aircrew, 31 (54%) returned to flying duties. A small group of aircrew developed CAD over the years, some with severe coronary artery stenoses and MI. Further optimization of individual prognosis and aeromedical disposition should aim at appropriate CAD screening and risk factor elimination. CAD management needs a comprehensive approach regarding military aviation requirements and clinical guidance.
Topics: Humans; Coronary Artery Disease; Military Personnel; Retrospective Studies; Aerospace Medicine; Risk Factors
PubMed: 38176041
DOI: 10.3357/AMHP.6333.2023