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Ciencia & Saude Coletiva Oct 2023This study aimed to reconstruct and analyze the discourses of the pandemic in the post-COVID-19 era. The methodology was based on a critical review of the scientific... (Review)
Review
This study aimed to reconstruct and analyze the discourses of the pandemic in the post-COVID-19 era. The methodology was based on a critical review of the scientific literature on the pandemic, selecting 80 non-biomedical, clinical, or pharmacological articles published in journals indexed in Scopus or Web of Science from a sample of the 500 most cited scientific articles on the pandemic in Google Scholar. The theoretical approach was based on the debates on predictability, unpredictability, determination, and indeterminacy in the health and social sciences. As a result, six theses on the pandemic were identified and analyzed: a) the thesis of the unpredictability of pandemics; b) the thesis of pandemic denial; c) the thesis of the pandemic as a failure in predictability systems; d) the thesis of the prevention of catastrophic events with timely interventions; e) the thesis of the structural postponement of predictive care by non-developed countries; and f) the environmentalist-health thesis, of foreseeing a critical phase for the planet and humanity. We concluded on the limits of resilience as the center in preparing Latin American health systems in the post-pandemic.
Topics: Humans; COVID-19; Pandemics; Bibliometrics; Humanities
PubMed: 37878940
DOI: 10.1590/1413-812320232810.10182023 -
European Eating Disorders Review : the... May 2024This study investigated how self-reliance and denial influence the relationship between help-seeking attitudes and behaviour.
OBJECTIVE
This study investigated how self-reliance and denial influence the relationship between help-seeking attitudes and behaviour.
METHOD
Australian university students (N = 406) completed an online survey and females with elevated eating disorder (ED) concerns and high impairment were included in the study (N = 137). Participants completed measures of help-seeking attitudes, perceived barriers, and actual help-seeking behaviour. Via moderated logistic regression, we examined self-reliance and denial as perceived barriers to help-seeking.
RESULTS
Of the total sample, over 33.7% of university students reported substantial ED concerns and impairment of whom 65.0% believed they needed help. While a majority reported that help-seeking would be useful (85.4%), only a minority of participants had sought professional help for their concerns (38.7%). Self-reliance and denial were frequently endorsed barriers and moderated the relationship between help-seeking attitudes and behaviours.
CONCLUSION
ED concerns are common among university students and perceived barriers play a moderating role between attitudes and help-seeking. Future prevention and early intervention programs should address students' denial, while the importance of reaching out for professional help (rather than relying on themselves) could be highlighted with peer support.
Topics: Female; Humans; Universities; Patient Acceptance of Health Care; Australia; Feeding and Eating Disorders; Students
PubMed: 38078569
DOI: 10.1002/erv.3052 -
Journal of the International AIDS... Aug 2023The HIV response has long recognized that certain "key populations" such as individuals in detention, adolescent girls and young women, sex workers, people who use...
INTRODUCTION
The HIV response has long recognized that certain "key populations" such as individuals in detention, adolescent girls and young women, sex workers, people who use drugs, LGBTQ individuals, migrants and others face higher barriers to access to, uptake of, and retention in HIV prevention and treatment services. One approach to addressing these barriers is the training of community paralegals to advocate for the rights of individuals and to address discrimination in health settings.
DISCUSSION
Community paralegal programmes have been able to successfully address rights violations that impact access to health services and underlying determinants of health across a range of countries and populations, focusing upon issues such as discrimination and the denial of health services; unlawful detention of outreach workers, sex workers, persons who use drugs and men who have sex with men; and harmful traditional practices and gender-based violence. In addition to resolving specific cases, evaluations of paralegal programmes have found that these programmes increased legal literacy among key populations at risk of HIV and increased understanding of human rights among healthcare providers, resulting in improved access to HIV services. Some evaluations have noted challenges related to the sustainability of paralegal programmes similar to those raised with community health worker programmes more broadly.
CONCLUSIONS
To achieve global HIV goals, funding for legal literacy and paralegal programmes should be increased and interventions should be rigorously evaluated. Efforts should target discrimination in access to HIV prevention and treatment and criminalization of key populations, two key barriers to ensuring access to HIV prevention and treatment services.
Topics: Male; Adolescent; Humans; Female; Homosexuality, Male; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; HIV Infections; Sexual and Gender Minorities; Social Justice; Sex Workers
PubMed: 37535441
DOI: 10.1002/jia2.26146 -
British Journal of Sports Medicine Sep 2023Overall athlete health is a stated priority by the International Olympic Committee (IOC), yet it can be difficult for athletes to safely balance nutritional needs,... (Review)
Review
Overall athlete health is a stated priority by the International Olympic Committee (IOC), yet it can be difficult for athletes to safely balance nutritional needs, training load, recovery, social interactions, expectations and other demands. The effect of energy intake and, especially, low energy availability (LEA) on athlete mental health, is understudied. In this narrative review, we examine research that has included psychological factors and mental health variables when investigating the effect of LEA, dieting/restrictive eating and Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (REDs), since the 2018 IOC consensus statement on REDs. Based on currently available data, early psychological indicators associated with problematic LEA are mood changes, fatigue and psychological conflict. More severe mental health outcomes associated with REDs are reduced well-being, elevated anxiety, depressive symptoms and eating disorders. We propose a psychological model that helps structure how possible risk factors (eg, body dissatisfaction, environmental demands or increased training load) and moderating (eg, gender, sport) and/or potential mediating (eg, social climate, self-esteem) factors are associated with LEA and ultimately REDs. The current scientific literature underscores the importance of including mental health factors when screening for REDs and for developing a clinical approach to address the psychological sequelae of REDs once diagnosed. An interdisciplinary perspective is recommended. Lastly, and importantly, the athlete perspective urges clinicians to not underestimate the drive for success and denial of health consequences that athletes demonstrate when pursuing their sport goals.
Topics: Humans; Mental Health; Sports; Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport; Athletes; Feeding and Eating Disorders
PubMed: 37752005
DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2023-106867 -
Historia, Ciencias, Saude--Manguinhos 2023Between March 2020 and March 2022, more than 213,000 Peruvians died of covid-19. In this research note, we will identify and analyze the various social responses to...
Between March 2020 and March 2022, more than 213,000 Peruvians died of covid-19. In this research note, we will identify and analyze the various social responses to covid-19 in Peru: denial, panic, search for culprits, search for "magic remedies," and, in some sectors, mistrust towards the State and science. We argue that these social responses have been common throughout history, both in pandemics prior to the development of the bacteriological era and in the most recent ones. We intend to show that, in Peru, scientific ideas around health and disease coexist with religious ideas, conspiracy theories and traditional knowledge.
Topics: Humans; COVID-19; Peru; Pandemics; Knowledge
PubMed: 37585976
DOI: 10.1590/S0104-59702023000100031 -
Women's Health (London, England) 2024Transgender and gender diverse people presumed female at birth experience gynaecological conditions, such as chronic pelvic pain at elevated rates, estimated to impact... (Review)
Review
Transgender and gender diverse people presumed female at birth experience gynaecological conditions, such as chronic pelvic pain at elevated rates, estimated to impact between 51% and 72% of this population, compared to rates of up to 26.6% in cisgender women. The negative impact of these conditions is likely amplified due to limited access to safe and affirming healthcare. Despite this high prevalence rate, there is limited research investigating the prevalence, presentation or management options for trans and gender diverse people with endometriosis. Cisgender women with endometriosis report barriers to accessing care, with lengthy times to diagnosis and limited treatment options available. However, barriers for trans and gender diverse individuals are enhanced by physician bias and lack of education in gender-affirming care. This is reflected in stories of discrimination and denial of basic healthcare. A healthcare environment built on the presumption that gynaecological patients are women, others trans and gender diverse patients, which can result in avoidance of needed medical care. A lack of knowledge of gender-affirming care alongside healthcare provider bias highlights a need for gender-affirming care and bias reduction training in undergraduate healthcare provider curricula. Research to date assessing current curriculum in Australia and Aotearoa (New Zealand) shows limited inclusion of lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans, queer, intersex, asexual and other related identities content as a whole with gender-affirming care being among the least-frequently addressed topics. This review will detail barriers to accessing gender-affirming healthcare specific to gynaecology, interweaving the experiences of a non-binary individual seeking access to gender-affirming endometriosis care.
Topics: Humans; Endometriosis; Female; Transgender Persons; Male; Health Services Accessibility; Australia; Gynecology
PubMed: 38742674
DOI: 10.1177/17455057241251974 -
Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) Sep 2023Cybersecurity is a critical issue in today's internet world. Classical security systems, such as firewalls based on signature detection, cannot detect today's...
Cybersecurity is a critical issue in today's internet world. Classical security systems, such as firewalls based on signature detection, cannot detect today's sophisticated zero-day attacks. Machine learning (ML) based solutions are more attractive for their capabilities of detecting anomaly traffic from benign traffic, but to develop an ML-based anomaly detection system, we need meaningful or realistic network datasets to train the detection engine. There are many public network datasets for ML applications. Still, they have limitations, such as the data creation process and the lack of diverse attack scenarios or background traffic. To create a good detection engine, we need a realistic dataset with various attack scenarios and various types of background traffic, such as HTTPs, streaming, and SMTP traffic. In this work, we have developed realistic network data or datasets considering various attack scenarios and diverse background/benign traffic. Furthermore, considering the importance of distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks, we have compared the performance of detecting anomaly traffic of some classical supervised and our prior developed unsupervised ML algorithms based on the convolutional neural network (CNN) and pseudo auto-encoder (AE) architecture based on the created datasets. The results show that the performance of the CNN-Pseudo-AE is comparable to that of many classical supervised algorithms. Hence, the CNN-Pseudo-AE algorithm is promising in actual implementation.
PubMed: 37837004
DOI: 10.3390/s23198174 -
AIDS Education and Prevention :... Dec 2023Gay, bisexual, queer, and other men who have sex with men (GBQMSM) and transgender and nonbinary persons are at elevated risk for HIV, sexually transmitted infections...
Exploring Individual and Contextual Factors Associated With Sexual Risk and Substance Use Among Underserved GBQMSM and Transgender and Nonbinary Persons in South Central Appalachia.
Gay, bisexual, queer, and other men who have sex with men (GBQMSM) and transgender and nonbinary persons are at elevated risk for HIV, sexually transmitted infections (STIs), and hepatitis C (HCV); in Appalachia, these communities experience more disease burden. However, little is known about the factors influencing risk. Sixteen semistructured in-depth interviews were conducted examining factors influencing prevention and care. Data were analyzed using constant comparison methodology. Fifteen themes emerged within four domains: social environment (e.g., microaggressions across gender, sexual orientation, and racial identities), substance use (e.g., high prevalence, use as coping mechanism), sexual health (e.g., misinformation and denial of risk for HIV and STIs), and access to health care (e.g., cost and transportation barriers, lack of local respectful care). Findings highlighted salient barriers and assets influencing prevention and care and suggest that multilevel interventions are needed to improve access to and use of HIV, STI, and HCV prevention and care services.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Transgender Persons; Homosexuality, Male; Sexual and Gender Minorities; HIV Infections; Sexual Behavior; Sexually Transmitted Diseases; Appalachian Region; Hepatitis C; Substance-Related Disorders
PubMed: 38096454
DOI: 10.1521/aeap.2023.35.6.495 -
Brain and Nerve = Shinkei Kenkyu No... Sep 2023In Japanese society during and after the war, there has been a long period of repression and denial of trauma in the public sphere. However, in recent years, war trauma...
In Japanese society during and after the war, there has been a long period of repression and denial of trauma in the public sphere. However, in recent years, war trauma and their "social suffering" have become visible through the activities of the children's generation of veterans. In addition, the suffering that occurs in combat and the military cannot be grasped only by the posttraumatic stress disorder model with fear at its core, but "moral injury" related to the violation of moral norms and its long-lasting destructive effects must also be considered in the future.
Topics: Child; Humans; Japan; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic; Fear
PubMed: 37691247
DOI: 10.11477/mf.1416202472 -
JPMA. the Journal of the Pakistan... Sep 2023The narrative review was planned to qualitatively analyse the experiences, factors and context of parents screening positive for perinatal depression in Karachi. Semi... (Review)
Review
The narrative review was planned to qualitatively analyse the experiences, factors and context of parents screening positive for perinatal depression in Karachi. Semi structured in-depth interviews were conducted to explore the experiences and perceptions of participants during pregnancy, birth and 10-12 weeks after birth. Seven men and 20 women participated in the in-depth interviews. Factors in the perinatal period that affected new parents included sleep disturbances, emotional stressors linked to preference for a male child, a lack of social support, financial burdens of perinatal care, personal frustrations caused by an inability to comprehend the signs and symptoms of perinatal depression, denial to admit challenging issues concerning mental health and social disapproval with expressing mental health issues. There is an imminent need for appropriate initiatives to raise awareness about perinatal depression, and the provision of adequate perinatal mental health services for Pakistani women and men.
Topics: Female; Humans; Male; Pregnancy; Depression; Depressive Disorder; Pakistan; Parents; Parturition; Qualitative Research; Infant; Infant, Newborn
PubMed: 37817701
DOI: 10.47391/JPMA.7934