-
American Journal of Ophthalmology Oct 2023By comparing the densitometry findings of patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and the healthy group, we aimed to understand the possible changes that may occur...
PURPOSE
By comparing the densitometry findings of patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and the healthy group, we aimed to understand the possible changes that may occur in the cornea and lens in those with diabetes mellitus (DM).
DESIGN
Prospective, cross-sectional study.
METHODS
A total of 60 eyes of 60 patients with T1DM and 101 eyes of 101 healthy subjects were included in this study. A complete ophthalmologic evaluation was performed in all participants. Scheimpflug tomography was performed to record the corneal and lens densitometry and other tomographic data. Mean glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and mean DM duration were recorded.
RESULTS
The mean age of the patients with T1DM and patients in the control group was 29.93 ± 8.56 years and 27.27 ± 1 4.96 years, respectively. The mean HbA1c was 8.43 ± 1.92, and the mean DM duration was 14.10 ± 7.77 years. Corneal densitometry (CD) values were significantly higher in the 0- to 2-mm zone in all layers and in the anterior and central 6- to 10-mm zone in the diabetic group (P = .03, P = .018, P = .001, P = .000, P = .004). The mean crystalline lens densitometry was higher in the T1DM group (P = .129). There were positive correlations between DM duration and CD in the anterior 0- to 2-mm (P = .043), central 6- to 10-mm (P = .016), posterior 6- to 10-mm (P = .022), and posterior 10- to 12-mm zone (P = .043).
CONCLUSIONS
CD values were significantly higher in the diabetic group. Diabetes duration and HbA1c values showed correlations with densitometry especially in the 6- to 10-mm corneal zone. Evaluation of the cornea with optical densitometry will be useful in the early diagnosis and follow-up of clinical structural and functional changes in the cornea.
Topics: Humans; Young Adult; Adult; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Cross-Sectional Studies; Prospective Studies; Glycated Hemoglobin; Densitometry; Cornea; Lens, Crystalline
PubMed: 37269970
DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2023.05.017 -
Biological Trace Element Research Sep 2023Several previous studies have found the deleterious effects of cadmium exposure on bone. However, studies on the effects of cadmium exposure on bone mineral density...
Several previous studies have found the deleterious effects of cadmium exposure on bone. However, studies on the effects of cadmium exposure on bone mineral density (BMD) in gender- and race-specific groups are still lacking. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between cadmium exposure and BMD in adults and the gender and racial differences therein. Weighted multivariate regression, generalized weighted model, and smoothed curve fitting were used to explore the relationship between lumbar BMD with blood cadmium (B-Cd) and urine cadmium (U-Cd) based on data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). In addition, subgroup analyses were further used to investigate the differential associations across gender and race. Of the 4335 adult participants. After adjusting for primary demographic variables, B-Cd [- 0.018 (- 0.028, - 0.008)] and U-Cd [- 0.010 (- 0.020, - 0.001)] were shown to be negatively related to lumbar BMD. In the fully adjusted model, the negative association between B-Cd and lumbar BMD was maintained [- 0.010 (- 0.018, - 0.002)]. In the subgroup analysis stratified by gender and race, this relationship was retained in females and non-Hispanic blacks. Furthermore, these negative associations were most pronounced among non-Hispanic black women [B-Cd and lumbar BMD, - 0.046 (- 0.076, - 0.017); U-Cd and lumbar BMD, -0.034 (- 0.063, - 0.006)]. Our findings suggest that there are significant sex and race differences in the negative association between cadmium exposure and BMD. This negative association was most prominent in non-Hispanic black females.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Female; Bone Density; Cadmium; Nutrition Surveys; Absorptiometry, Photon; Sex Factors
PubMed: 36508128
DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03521-y -
The Journal of Sports Medicine and... Nov 2023Acute fluid ingestion increases estimated body fat percentage (BF%) measurements by single frequency (SF-BIA) and multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance (MF-BIA). It is... (Clinical Trial)
Clinical Trial
BACKGROUND
Acute fluid ingestion increases estimated body fat percentage (BF%) measurements by single frequency (SF-BIA) and multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance (MF-BIA). It is unknown if MF-BIA accurately measures total BF% and total body water (TBW) after creatine supplementation, which causes fluid retention, and resultant increases in fat-free mass and TBW. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of creatine supplementation on body composition and TBW measured through a popular MF-BIA device (InBody 770).
METHODS
Thirteen male and 14 female subjects (18-22 years) completed one week of creatine monohydrate (0.3 g/kg body weight) or maltodextrin. Pre- and post-supplementation body composition measurements included dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), SF-BIA measured by an Omron HBF-306C device, and MF-BIA measured by an InBody 770 device to measure BF%, fat free mass (FFM), and fat mass (FM). Additionally, intracellular water (ICW), extracellular water (ECW), and TBW were estimated by MF- BIA.
RESULTS
FFM increased more in the creatine group than the placebo group measured by all body composition modes (1.2 kg, 1.9 kg, and 1.1 kg increase for SF-BIA, MF-BIA, and DEXA respectively, P<0.05). Creatine supplementation resulted in a 2% increase (P<0.05) in TBW measured by MF-BIA (40.4±9.5 to 41.2±9.6 kg).
CONCLUSIONS
One week of creatine supplementation increased TBW as detected by the InBody 770 device. Changes in body composition that occurred due to the increase in TBW were detected as an increase in FFM measured by SF-BIA, MF-BIA, and DEXA.
Topics: Female; Humans; Male; Absorptiometry, Photon; Body Composition; Body Water; Creatine; Dietary Supplements; Electric Impedance; Water
PubMed: 37675500
DOI: 10.23736/S0022-4707.23.15058-4 -
Frontiers in Endocrinology 2023The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between serum polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and bone mineral density (BMD).
OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between serum polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and bone mineral density (BMD).
METHODS
We performed a cross-sectional study based on data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-2014. The weighted multiple linear regression model was utilized to determine the association between serum PUFAs and BMD. Further smoothed curve fitting and threshold effect analysis were conducted. Finally, we performed a subgroup analysis.
RESULTS
In total, 1979 participants aged 20-59 years were enrolled. After adjusting for all covariates, we found that serum docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) was positively associated with head BMD (β = 0.0015, 95% Cl: 0.0004, 0.0026, P = 0.008296) and lumbar spine BMD (β = 0.0005, 95% Cl: 0.0000, 0.0010, P = 0.036093), and serum eicosadienoic acid (EDA) was negatively associated with thoracic spine BMD (β = -0.0008, 95% Cl: -0.0016, -0.0000, P = 0.045355). Smoothed curve fitting revealed a nonlinear positive association between serum DPA and lumbar spine BMD. Threshold effect analysis indicated that the threshold of serum DPA was 81.4 µmol/L. Subgroup analysis revealed a positive correlation between serum DPA and head BMD in the subgroup aged 50-59 years (β = 0.0025, 95% Cl: 0.0002, 0.0049, P = 0.035249) and females (β = 0.0026, 95% Cl: 0.0008, 0.0044, P = 0.005005). There was a positive relationship between serum DPA and lumbar spine BMD in females (β = 0.0008, 95% Cl: 0.0001, 0.0015, P = 0.017900) and a negative association between serum EDA and thoracic spine BMD in the subgroup aged 30-39 years (β = -0.0016, 95% Cl: -0.0031, -0.0001, P = 0.041331), males (β = -0.0012, 95% Cl: -0.0023, -0.0001, P = 0.039364) and other races (β = -0.0021, 95% Cl: -0.0037, -0.0006, P = 0.008059).
CONCLUSION
This study demonstrated a linear positive relationship between serum DPA and head BMD, a nonlinear positive association between serum DPA and lumbar spine BMD, and a linear negative correlation between serum EDA and thoracic spine BMD in US adults.
Topics: Male; Female; Humans; Adult; Bone Density; Nutrition Surveys; Absorptiometry, Photon; Cross-Sectional Studies; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; Lumbar Vertebrae
PubMed: 38047106
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1266329 -
BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders Nov 2023Lipids are critical in bone metabolism, and several studies have highlighted their importance. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between apolipoprotein B...
BACKGROUND
Lipids are critical in bone metabolism, and several studies have highlighted their importance. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between apolipoprotein B (apo B) and bone mineral density (BMD) at different skeletal sites (lumbar spine, femoral neck, and total femur) and to compare the influence of apo B with other traditional lipid markers.
METHODS
The study included participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) between 2011 and 2016 who had complete data for apo B and BMD at the three skeletal sites. We used weighted multivariate regression analysis, subgroup analysis, and interaction tests to examine associations. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) was used to examine the non-linear relationship.
RESULTS
A total of 4,258 adults were included in the study. Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that the relationship between apo B and BMD varied by skeletal site: a negative association was found with lumbar spine BMD [β = -0.054, 95%CI: (-0.073, -0.035)]. In contrast, a positive association was found with femoral neck BMD [β = 0.031, 95%CI: (0.011, 0.051)] and no significant association between apo B and total femur BMD.
CONCLUSIONS
Our findings suggest that apo B is associated with BMD in a site-specific manner.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Absorptiometry, Photon; Apolipoproteins B; Bone Density; Femur Neck; Lumbar Vertebrae; Nutrition Surveys
PubMed: 37919727
DOI: 10.1186/s12891-023-06990-x -
Medicine Apr 2024Obesity is a complex chronic metabolic disorder characterized by abnormalities in lipid metabolism. Obesity is not only associated with various chronic diseases but also... (Review)
Review
Obesity is a complex chronic metabolic disorder characterized by abnormalities in lipid metabolism. Obesity is not only associated with various chronic diseases but also has negative effects on physiological functions such as the cardiovascular, endocrine and immune systems. As a global health problem, the incidence and prevalence of obesity have increased significantly in recent years. Therefore, understanding assessment methods and measurement indicators for obesity is critical for early screening and effective disease control. Current methods for measuring obesity in adult include density calculation, anthropometric measurements, bioelectrical impedance analysis, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, computerized imaging, etc. Measurement indicators mainly include weight, hip circumference, waist circumference, neck circumference, skinfold thickness, etc. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the literature to date, summarizes and analyzes various assessment methods and measurement indicators for adult obesity, and provides insights and guidance for the innovation of obesity assessment indicators.
Topics: Humans; Obesity; Adult; Body Mass Index; Anthropometry; Absorptiometry, Photon
PubMed: 38669386
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000037946 -
The British Journal of Radiology Oct 2023High-resolution peripheral quantitative CT (HR-pQCT) is a low-dose three-dimensional imaging technique, originally developed for assessment of bone microarchitecture at... (Review)
Review
High-resolution peripheral quantitative CT (HR-pQCT) is a low-dose three-dimensional imaging technique, originally developed for assessment of bone microarchitecture at the distal radius and tibia in osteoporosis. HR-pQCT has the ability to discriminate trabecular and cortical bone compartments, providing densitometric and structural parameters. At present, HR-pQCT is mostly used in research settings, despite evidence showing that it may be a valuable tool in osteoporosis and other diseases. This review summarizes the main applications of HR-pQCT and addresses the limitations that currently prevent its integration into routine clinical practice. In particular, the focus is on the use of HR-pQCT in primary and secondary osteoporosis, chronic kidney disease (CKD), endocrine disorders affecting bone, and rare diseases. A section on novel potential applications of HR-pQCT is also present, including assessment of rheumatic diseases, knee osteoarthritis, distal radius/scaphoid fractures, vascular calcifications, effect of medications, and skeletal muscle. The reviewed literature seems to suggest that a more widespread implementation of HR-pQCT in clinical practice would offer notable opportunities. For instance, HR-pQCT can improve the prediction of incident fractures beyond areal bone mineral density provided by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. In addition, HR-pQCT may be used for the monitoring of anti-osteoporotic therapy or for the assessment of mineral and bone disorder associated with CKD. Nevertheless, several obstacles currently prevent a broader use of HR-pQCT and would need to be targeted, such as the small number of installed machines worldwide, the uncertain cost-effectiveness, the need for improved reproducibility, and the limited availability of reference normative data sets.
Topics: Humans; Reproducibility of Results; Osteoporosis; Bone Density; Absorptiometry, Photon; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Tibia; Wrist Fractures; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic
PubMed: 37195008
DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20221016 -
International Ophthalmology Sep 2023To investigate the distribution of 50 layers of corneal densitometry and related factors.
PURPOSE
To investigate the distribution of 50 layers of corneal densitometry and related factors.
METHODS
Clinical data, including age, sex, central corneal thickness, corneal keratometry, and diopters, were collected from 102 healthy participants (102 eyes) in this retrospective study. The cornea was divided into 50 layers, and densitometry of each layer at 19 points was measured by the Pentacam. The value versus the depth curve was plotted. Paired-sample t test and one-way analysis of variance were used to compare densitometry in different regions or depth. Statistical significance was defined as P < .05.
RESULTS
The densitometry values of the Bowman membrane (10-14% depth), anterior stroma (14-30% depth), epithelium (0-10% depth), and Descemet membrane (94-98% depth) decreased sequentially, and the densitometry values of the middle and posterior stroma (30-94% depth) and endothelium (98-100% depth) were the lowest. The higher the degree of astigmatism, the higher the second densitometry peak (R = 0.277, P < .001). The densitometry values of the vertex and superior parts of the cornea were higher than those in the periphery and inferior parts, respectively (all P < .001). In the Bowman membrane, the densitometry is lowest in the inferior nasal part, while in the Descemet membrane, it is lowest in the inferior temporal part.
CONCLUSION
Two densitometry peaks appeared near the Bowman membrane and Descemet membrane. For different depths, the distribution of densitometry within a layer is different. We provide a methodological reference and data basis for corneal research based on local changes in densitometry, and help understand the details of corneal structure from an optical perspective through detailed layering and zoning analysis of densitometry.
Topics: Humans; Retrospective Studies; Visual Acuity; Densitometry; Cornea; Epithelium; Corneal Topography
PubMed: 37115476
DOI: 10.1007/s10792-023-02716-z -
Pediatric Obesity Nov 2023Body composition between prepubertal children and adolescents varies, and it is unclear how physical activity and sedentary behaviour affect adolescent body composition.
BACKGROUND
Body composition between prepubertal children and adolescents varies, and it is unclear how physical activity and sedentary behaviour affect adolescent body composition.
OBJECTIVES
This study aimed to examine the associations of physical activity and screen time with overall and specific fat depots in the general adolescent population.
METHODS
In a population-based prospective cohort study, among 3258 adolescents aged 13 years, physical activity and screen time were assessed via self-report questionnaires. Body mass index, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry-based measures (i.e. fat mass and lean body mass) and magnetic resonance imaging-based measures (i.e. abdominal subcutaneous and visceral fat mass) were obtained.
RESULTS
After adjusting for social-demographic and growth-related factors, each additional hour of daily physical activity was associated with lower fat mass, abdominal visceral fat mass and higher lean body mass (all p < 0.05). However, these associations were not observed in the longitudinal analyses. Each additional hour of daily screen time was associated with higher body mass index, fat mass, abdominal subcutaneous and visceral fat mass (all p < 0.05), which were consistent with the longitudinal analyses.
CONCLUSION
Adolescents with higher physical activity and lower screen time had lower levels of adiposity both at the general and visceral levels.
Topics: Child; Humans; Adolescent; Prospective Studies; Screen Time; Body Mass Index; Body Composition; Adiposity; Exercise; Intra-Abdominal Fat; Absorptiometry, Photon
PubMed: 37699652
DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.13076 -
Aging Clinical and Experimental Research Oct 2023Osteoporosis is a degenerative disease defined by low bone mineral density, has a high prevalence, and causes fractures at multiple sites throughout the body, greatly...
BACKGROUND
Osteoporosis is a degenerative disease defined by low bone mineral density, has a high prevalence, and causes fractures at multiple sites throughout the body, greatly affecting the quality of patients. α-Klotho is an endocrine factor involved in the regulation of various metabolic processes in humans, and its role in bone metabolism has attracted widespread attention. The relationship between α-klotho and bone mineral density has not been uniformly recognized, and no large-scale correlation analysis has been conducted in the middle-aged and elderly population.
OBJECTIVE
To determine the relationship between α-klotho and bone mineral density in middle-aged and elderly people.
METHODS
Population data of 3120 individuals aged 40-79 years were obtained from the NHANES database for the period 2011-2016. Regression analysis was performed using a general linear model with serum α-klotho as the independent variable and total bone mineral density, thoracic bone mineral density, lumbar bone mineral density, pelvic bone mineral density, and trunk bone mineral density as the dependent variables, respectively. The generalized additive model was also used for smoothing curve fitting and threshold effect analysis.
RESULTS
Serum α-klotho was positively correlated with total bone mineral density at lg (Klotho) < 2.97 and with thoracic bone mineral density at lg (Klotho) > 2.69 (β = 0.05, p = 0.0006), and negatively correlated (β = -0.27, p = 0.0341) with lumbar bone mineral density at lg (Klotho) < 2.69. It also positively correlated with trunk bone mineral density (β = 0.027, p = 0.03657) and had no segmental effect but did not correlate with pelvic bone mineral density. The positive association of serum α-klotho with those aged 40-49 years, female, non-Hispanic White, and without hypertension was clearer. In the population with diabetes, a significantly positive association between total (β = 0.15, p = 0.01), thoracic (β = 0.23, p = 0.0404), and lumbar (β = 0.22, p = 0.0424) bone mineral density and α-klotho was observed.
CONCLUSIONS
α-Klotho has different relationships with total, thoracic, lumbar, and trunk bone mineral density. Among them, the positive correlation between α-klotho and trunk bone mineral density is more valuable for predicting osteoporosis. The significant effect of α-klotho on bone mineral density in diabetes patients suggests its potential as a predictive marker of diabetes progression.
Topics: Humans; Aged; Female; United States; Middle Aged; Bone Density; Cross-Sectional Studies; Absorptiometry, Photon; Nutrition Surveys; Lumbar Vertebrae; Osteoporosis
PubMed: 37368163
DOI: 10.1007/s40520-023-02483-y