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BMC Public Health May 2024Periodontitis represents the foremost oral condition in young men, strongly correlated with socioeconomic elements and oral health behaviors. This research aimed to...
BACKGROUND
Periodontitis represents the foremost oral condition in young men, strongly correlated with socioeconomic elements and oral health behaviors. This research aimed to assess the prevalence of periodontitis and associated associations with socio-demographics and oral health practices for subsequent Hazard Ratio (HR) estimation.
METHODS
A total of 46,476 young men were recruited to the study between August 2022 and October 2023. A questionnaire on socio-demographic factors and oral health-related behaviors related to periodontitis was completed. The standard procedure was used for oral examination. Logistic regression and hazard ratios were used to estimate the influencing factors, whereas the nomogram was used to predict the risk of periodontitis in young men.
RESULTS
A total of 46,476 young men were surveyed and completed the questionnaire. The overall prevalence of periodontitis among young men was 1.74%. Out of these, 1.7% had mild periodontitis and 0.6% had moderate periodontitis. Age and dental calculus were important factors in the periodontal health of young men. This nomogram, which includes 7 easily obtainable clinical characteristics routinely collected during periodontitis risk assessment, provides clinicians with a user-friendly tool to assess the risk of periodontal disease in young men.
CONCLUSIONS
Regular dental prophylaxis is crucial for young men to maintain their gingival health and prevent the onset of periodontitis. Dental calculus plays a prominent role in this matter, as it serves as a significant contributing factor.
Topics: Humans; Male; Periodontitis; Cross-Sectional Studies; China; Young Adult; Prevalence; Adult; Risk Factors; Surveys and Questionnaires; Adolescent; Nomograms; Oral Health; Socioeconomic Factors
PubMed: 38704531
DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18732-2 -
Case Reports in Dentistry 2023Kleefstra syndrome (KS) is a rare genetic disorder (prevalence < 1/1 000 000) characterised by autistic spectrum disorder (ASD), childhood hypotonia, and seizures. A...
Kleefstra syndrome (KS) is a rare genetic disorder (prevalence < 1/1 000 000) characterised by autistic spectrum disorder (ASD), childhood hypotonia, and seizures. A typical facial appearance includes microcephaly, arched eyebrows, synophrism, hypertelorism, a short nose, midface hypoplasia, prognathism, and tongue protrusion. This case report presents a 19-year-old female with KS from a dentist's perspective. The patient demonstrates limited mouth opening with a slight deviation of the mandible on the left side. The mandibular prognathism and anterior open bite are visible. A generalised inflammatory gingival enlargement is most likely a response to local irritants like plaque and calculus but is enhanced by the patient's mouth breathing habit. Also, the tongue is unusually large-macroglossia. Dental anomalies were diagnosed by digital panoramic radiograph, including dilaceration of the maxillary left second premolar and taurodontism. The patient was qualified to be treated under general anaesthesia with multiple extractions, restorations, hygienisation procedures, and tooth remineralisation. This individual should also be considered for orthodontic treatment and an eventual tongue reduction procedure. In the case of KS, multidisciplinary cooperation as well as frequent dental check-ups with fluoride prophylaxis are recommended. Unfortunately, dental treatment is still not an integral part of taking care of disabled children and youth with rare diseases.
PubMed: 37780946
DOI: 10.1155/2023/2478465 -
Dental Materials Journal Sep 2023The use of fixed retainers in the lower arch is frequent; however, its presence increases the accumulation of biofilm and dental calculus. The objective of this research...
The use of fixed retainers in the lower arch is frequent; however, its presence increases the accumulation of biofilm and dental calculus. The objective of this research was to evaluate, in vitro, the accumulation of Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) in 3 designs of fixed retainers. Nine models were reproduced in heat-cured acrylic resin and divided into groups: straight retainer (SR), retainer with vertical strap (RVS), retainer with horizontal strap (RHS). The accumulation of S. mutans was assessed using the MTT assay (3-4,5-dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) and then measured using an automated reader. The RHS group showed less biofilm accumulation compared to the other groups (p<0.05). The distance between the tooth surface and the retainer showed a strong negative correlation with biofilm accumulation (rs=-0.79, p=0.00037). The RHS showed significantly less accumulation of S. mutans due to the distance between the retainer and the tooth surface. This research provides relevant data for a future randomized clinical trial.
Topics: Streptococcus mutans; Acrylic Resins; Orthodontic Appliances, Fixed; Orthodontic Appliance Design; Biofilms; Orthodontic Retainers
PubMed: 37423720
DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2023-003 -
Clinical Oral Implants Research Jan 2024To compare the clinical performance of single crowns in the posterior maxilla supported by either 11-mm long implants combined with maxillary sinus floor augmentation... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Single crowns in the posterior maxilla supported by either 11-mm long implants with sinus floor augmentation or by 6-mm long implants: A 10-year randomized controlled trial.
OBJECTIVES
To compare the clinical performance of single crowns in the posterior maxilla supported by either 11-mm long implants combined with maxillary sinus floor augmentation (MSFA) surgery or by 6-mm long implants during a 10-year follow-up period.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Subjects were randomly allocated to receive one 11-mm long implant in combination MFSA or to receive one 6-mm long implant without any grafting. Twenty-one implants in 20 patients were placed in the 6-mm group and 20 implants in 18 patients were placed in the 11-mm group. Both groups were followed by clinical and radiographic examinations up to 10 years. Patients' satisfaction was also scored before treatment.
RESULTS
Two patients died and eight patients moved during the follow-up. Two patients lost an implant in the 6-mm group and one implant was lost in the 11-mm group (implant survival 89.5% and 90.9%, respectively). From loading to 10 years' follow-up, mean ± SE marginal bone loss in the 6-mm group and 11-mm group was 0.18 ± 0.10 mm and 0.26 ± 0.12 mm, respectively, without a significant difference between the groups at 10 years (p = .650). In both groups, indices scores for plaque, calculus, gingiva and bleeding were low as well as mean pocket probing depth. Patients' satisfaction at 10 years was high in both groups; mean overall satisfaction in the 6-mm group and 11-mm group was 9.6 ± 0.6 and 9.2 ± 0.8, respectively (p = .168).
CONCLUSIONS
Placement of 6-mm implants or 11-mm implants combined MFSA are equally successful during a 10-year follow-up period when applied for supporting a single restoration.
Topics: Humans; Sinus Floor Augmentation; Dental Implantation, Endosseous; Maxilla; Dental Prosthesis Design; Dental Restoration Failure; Crowns; Treatment Outcome; Dental Implants; Follow-Up Studies
PubMed: 37941089
DOI: 10.1111/clr.14200 -
Future Medicinal Chemistry Nov 2023In the 21st century, we are witness of continuous onslaughts of various pathogen deformities which are a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Therefore, to...
In the 21st century, we are witness of continuous onslaughts of various pathogen deformities which are a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Therefore, to investigate the grave for these deformities, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial biological activities were carried out against newly synthesized Schiff base ligands and their transition metal complexes, which are based on newly synthesized 2-phenoxyaniline and salicylaldehyde derivatives. The synthesized compounds were characterized by various physiochemical studies, demonstrating the octahedral stereochemistry of the complexes. The biological assessments revealed that complex (3.01 ± 0.01 μM) was found to be highly active for oxidant ailments whereas complex (7.14 ± 0.05 μM, 0.0041-0.0082 μmol/ml) was observed as highly potent for inflammation and microbial diseases. Overall, the biological and computational studies demonstrate that the nickel(II) complex can act as an excellent candidate for pathogen deformities.
Topics: Transition Elements; Nickel; Coordination Complexes; Antioxidants; Ligands; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Anti-Bacterial Agents
PubMed: 37929611
DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2023-0046 -
International Journal of Dental Hygiene Apr 2024Peri-implant mucositis is a biofilm-related, reversible inflammatory disease that can evolve into peri-implantitis if not adequately treated. The aim of the present...
OBJECTIVES
Peri-implant mucositis is a biofilm-related, reversible inflammatory disease that can evolve into peri-implantitis if not adequately treated. The aim of the present randomized controlled clinical trial was to evaluate the efficacy of air-abrasive powder as compared to chlorhexidine (CHX) for the treatment of peri-implant mucositis, in terms of clinical and patient-reported outcomes (PROMs) and occurrence of peri-implantitis 12 months after treatment.
METHODS
In the control group, full-mouth calculus and plaque removal was performed with ultrasound and manual devices, and a 1.0% CHX gel was applied; in the test group, supra- and subgingival biofilm removal was performed using erythritol powder with a dedicated nozzle and calculus removal was performed with ultrasonic instruments if needed. Bleeding and plaque indexes, peri-implant probing depth and tissue level were measured at 1 week, and 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after treatment, while PROMs were evaluated up to 7 days after treatment.
RESULTS
Among 80 included implants, 70 were analysed at 12 months follow-up (30 in the test group, 40 in the control group, and 20 subjects). Success rates (implant-level) in terms of bleeding index were significantly different between the test (96.7%) and control group (92.5%); as for PROMs, only taste sensation was significantly better in the test group. The test group was significantly correlated to the smallest changes in peri-implant probing depth between baseline and 3 months.
CONCLUSIONS
The study showed that both treatment strategies are effective. This suggests that the use of air-abrasive powders could be used as an alternative biofilm removal method instead of adjunctive treatments with antiseptics.
PubMed: 38659293
DOI: 10.1111/idh.12814 -
Microorganisms Apr 2024One of the most promising areas of research in palaeomicrobiology is the study of the human microbiome. In particular, ancient dental calculus helps to reconstruct a... (Review)
Review
One of the most promising areas of research in palaeomicrobiology is the study of the human microbiome. In particular, ancient dental calculus helps to reconstruct a substantial share of oral microbiome composition by mapping together human evolution with its state of health/oral disease. This review aims to trace microbial characteristics in ancient dental calculus to describe the evolution of the human host-oral microbiome relationship in oral health or disease in children and adults. Following the PRISMA-Extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines, the main scientific databases (PubMed, Scopus, Lilacs, Cochrane Library) have been drawn upon. Eligibility criteria were established, and all the data collected on a purpose-oriented collection form were analysed descriptively. From the initial 340 records, only 19 studies were deemed comprehensive enough for the purpose of this review. The knowledge of the composition of ancient oral microbiomes has broadened over the past few years thanks to increasingly well-performing decontamination protocols and additional analytical avenues. Above all, metagenomic sequencing, also implemented by state-of-the-art bioinformatics tools, allows for the determination of the qualitative-quantitative composition of microbial species associated with health status and caries/periodontal disease. Some microbial species, especially periodontal pathogens, do not appear to have changed in history, while others that support caries disease or oral health could be connected to human evolution through lifestyle and environmental contributing factors.
PubMed: 38792733
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12050902 -
Journal of Periodontology Jun 2024Recent studies suggest a role for microscopic crystalline particles of residual dental calculus in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. The purpose of this ex vivo study...
BACKGROUND
Recent studies suggest a role for microscopic crystalline particles of residual dental calculus in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. The purpose of this ex vivo study was to compare the effectiveness of scaling and root planing (SRP) alone versus SRP combined with 24% ethylenediamine-tetra acetic acid (EDTA) gel in removing calculus from extracted teeth and to determine the optimal length of time for application of the EDTA.
METHODS
Specimens consisted of 32 extracted teeth with heavy root calculus. A 4-mm diameter site was prepared on the root surface of each tooth which then underwent SRP. EDTA was applied to four timed groups: 30 s; 60 s; 120 s; and 180 s. Photomicrographs were taken at 40× magnification using white light (WL) and laser fluorescence (LF). Photomicrographs were analyzed using ImageJ. Specimens were also evaluated with scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
RESULTS
The mean area of residual calculus after SRP was 45%-53% (45.6% ± 19.6% WL, 53.8% ± 19.7% LF). Burnishing with EDTA for one minute following SRP reduced calculus to only 14%-18% (13.9% ± 12.5% LF, 18.2% ± 11.1% WL). Use of EDTA for greater than 1 min showed no further calculus removal. SEM revealed the surface of remaining calculus was altered by burnishing with EDTA.
CONCLUSION
SRP alone or SRP + 24% EDTA gel failed to remove all calculus. SRP alone removed >60% of calculus from root surfaces. Adjunctive use of 24% EDTA gel burnished on the root surface removed most of the calculus residual after SRP. Calculus remaining after EDTA burnishing exhibited a significantly altered morphologic appearance.
PubMed: 38937866
DOI: 10.1002/JPER.24-0191 -
European Journal of Orthodontics Nov 2023To compare retainer survival, periodontal health, and caries implications of fixed lower retainers bonded after pre-treatment of the enamel surface with either pumice or... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES
To compare retainer survival, periodontal health, and caries implications of fixed lower retainers bonded after pre-treatment of the enamel surface with either pumice or sandblasting.
TRIAL DESIGN
Two-arm parallel-group, two-center randomized controlled clinical trial.
METHODS
One hundred sixty patients (101 females, 59 males, mean age: 17.9) requiring mandibular retainers were consecutively recruited. Patients were randomly allocated to have pre-treatment of the enamel surface with either pumice (n = 80) or sandblasting (n = 80). The primary outcome was retainer survival at 3 (T1) and 12 months (T2) control. Secondary outcomes were carious lesions and periodontal health: plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), calculus index (CI), and probing depth (PD). The randomization sequence was generated using an online randomization and allocation concealment was secured by contacting the sequence generator for treatment assignment. Blinding was not possible at T0 due to the nature of the intervention. Statistical analyses were carried out using the t-test, Fisher's exact test, repeated measure analysis of variance, and log rank test.
RESULTS
Overall, the risk of bonding failure at T1 was 6.7 per cent and at T2 6.9 per cent. There were no statistically significant differences in failure rate between the two groups, neither at T1 (P = 1.000) nor at T2 (P = 0.360). No statistically significant differences were found for the intercanine periodontal indices GI, PI, CI, PD, and caries between the two groups at T0 and T1. At T2, significantly more gingivitis and plaque were seen in the sandblasting group (P = 0.05 and P = 0.047, respectively) compared with the pumice group. Calculus increased during the follow-up period in both groups (P ≤ 0.001) as well as plaque levels (P ≤ 0.001 and P = 0.025, respectively). No harm was reported.
CONCLUSIONS
Enamel sandblasting prior to bonding mandibular retainers is not better at preventing bonding failure.
REGISTRATION
275767 (https://www.researchweb.org/is/sverige).
Topics: Male; Female; Humans; Adolescent; Orthodontic Retainers; Orthodontic Appliances, Fixed; Dental Plaque; Dental Enamel; Calculi; Orthodontic Appliance Design
PubMed: 37032532
DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjad010 -
Clinical and Experimental Dental... Jun 2024Calcifying nanoparticles (CNPs), referred to as nanobacteria (NB), are recognized to be associated with ectopic calcification. This study aims to isolate and culture...
OBJECTIVES
Calcifying nanoparticles (CNPs), referred to as nanobacteria (NB), are recognized to be associated with ectopic calcification. This study aims to isolate and culture CNPs from the dental plaque of patients with periodontal disease and investigate their possible role in unravelling the aetiology of periodontal disease.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Supragingival and subgingival plaques were sampled from 30 periodontitis patients for CNPs isolation and culture. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) content changes were tracked over time. Positive samples underwent thorough morphological identification via hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining, Alizarin red S (ARS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The chemical composition of CNPs analysis involved calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) content determination, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD).
RESULTS
The subgingival plaque dental group exhibited a higher CNPs isolation rate at 36.67% (11/30) compared to the supragingival dental plaque group at 66.67% (20/30). ALP activity varied among the positive, negative and control groups. Morphological observation characterized the CNPs as round, oval, and ellipsoid particles with Ca deposits. Chemical analysis revealed the Ca/P ratio was 0.6753. Hydroxyl, methyl, carbonate, phosphate, hydrogen phosphate, and dihydrogen phosphate were detected by FTIR; the main chemical components detected by XRD were hydroxyapatite and tricalcium phosphate.
CONCLUSION
CNPs were found in periodontitis-related dental plaque and exhibited the potential to develop calcified structures resembling dental calculus. However, the potential involvement of ALP in CNPs formation requires deeper exploration, as does the precise nature of its role and the interrelation with periodontitis demand a further comprehensive investigation.
Topics: Humans; Calcifying Nanoparticles; Dental Plaque; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; X-Ray Diffraction; Alkaline Phosphatase; Phosphorus; Periodontitis; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; Female; Adult; Calcium; Male; Middle Aged
PubMed: 38798048
DOI: 10.1002/cre2.885