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British Dental Journal Feb 2024
Topics: Humans; Calculi; Dental Calculus
PubMed: 38332089
DOI: 10.1038/s41415-024-7078-4 -
Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders... 2024The study aimed to examine the association of obesity phenotypes with dental calculus.
AIM
The study aimed to examine the association of obesity phenotypes with dental calculus.
BACKGROUND
Obesity has been recognized as a risk factor for kidney and gallbladder stones formation and periodontitis.
OBJECTIVE
We have investigated the association between obesity, metabolic risk factors, and dental calculus, which is a sequela following periodontitis.
METHODS
This study included 5,281 military members, aged 19-45 years, without antihypertensive medications in Taiwan. Obesity was defined as body mass index ≥27.5 kg/m, and metabolic syndrome (MetS) was defined according to the modified ATP III criteria. Supragingival calculus in any teeth, except for impacted teeth and the third molar, was the outcome of interest. Multiple linear regression analysis with adjustments for age, sex, toxic substance use, brushing teeth frequency, and blood leukocyte counts, was used to determine the association of obesity with dental calculus numbers. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to assess the association between obesity with or without MetS and the presence of any dental calculus.
RESULTS
BMI was positively correlated to dental calculus numbers [β and confidence intervals (CI) = 0.023 (0.014, 0.032)]. Compared to the obesity(-)/MetS(-) group, there were dosedependent associations for the obesity(-)/MetS(+), obesity(+)/MetS(-), and obesity(+)/MetS(+) groups with the presence of any dental calculus [odds ratios (ORs): 1.08 (0.76, 1.53), 1.31 (1.08, 1.58), and 1.51 (1.20, 1.90), respectively]. Of the metabolic risk factors, abdominal obesity and hypertension were independently associated with dental calculus [ORs: 1.33 (1.13, 1.55) and 1.30 (1.11, 1.52), respectively].
CONCLUSION
This study suggests general obesity as an independent risk factor for dental calculus formation, and MetS, particularly the components of abdominal obesity, and hypertension may also increase the prevalence of dental calculus. Diet control and regular exercise might be preventive measures for the development of both obesity and dental calculus.
Topics: Humans; Young Adult; Obesity, Abdominal; Oral Health; Dental Calculus; Obesity; Metabolic Syndrome; Periodontitis; Risk Factors; Hypertension; Prevalence
PubMed: 37842899
DOI: 10.2174/0118715303245065230925060301 -
The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry Apr 2024High-performance polymers including polyetheretherketone (PEEK) and polyetherketoneketone (PEKK) have been used as substitutes for metal frameworks in dental prostheses.... (Review)
Review
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
High-performance polymers including polyetheretherketone (PEEK) and polyetherketoneketone (PEKK) have been used as substitutes for metal frameworks in dental prostheses. However, the clinical performance of polymer-based frameworks is still uncertain.
PURPOSE
The purpose of this systematic review was to compare the clinical performance of PEEK and PEKK with that of metal frameworks for different dental prostheses.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
This review follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Six databases and non-peer-reviewed literature (without language or follow-up restrictions) were searched for studies conducted before February 2022. Only clinical studies, either randomized clinical trials (RCTs) or nonrandomized clinical trials (N-RCTs), comparing the clinical performance of polymer and metal frameworks were included. The risk of bias and certainty of the evidence were assessed with the RoB 2.0, ROBINS-I, and GRADE. Biologic (plaque and gingival indices, probing depth, bleeding scores, implant stability quotient, marginal bone loss) and mechanical outcomes (ridge base relation, prosthetic marginal gap, and fracture) were assessed.
RESULTS
Only 9 studies (7 RCTs and 2 N-RCTs) were included, all with moderate to serious risk of bias and low to very low certainty of evidence. No meta-analysis was possible, but qualitative analysis revealed lower plaque and gingival indices, probing depth, and marginal bone loss, with higher survival rates for implant-supported fixed prostheses and overdentures fabricated with PEEK than for metal frameworks. No significant differences were found between groups for removable partial dentures. The marginal fit of PEEK frameworks was also better for single crowns. Three fractures were reported in the 3 PEKK fixed dental prostheses with cantilevers.
CONCLUSIONS
PEEK and PEKK seem to be promising materials for dental prostheses, with acceptable response from the periodontal tissue. However, further well-designed studies are necessary to better understand their clinical and long-term limitations.
Topics: Humans; Benzophenones; Crowns; Polymers; Polyethylene Glycols; Dental Plaque; Dental Prosthesis, Implant-Supported; Dental Implants
PubMed: 35422333
DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2022.03.002 -
Current Protocols Oct 2023Extensive research has focused on the compositional changes in dental plaque microbiome communities during the transition from health to disease, known as dysbiosis....
Extensive research has focused on the compositional changes in dental plaque microbiome communities during the transition from health to disease, known as dysbiosis. However, alterations in the spatial composition of these communities throughout the progression from health to disease remain under-explored. We describe an in vitro dental plaque model for culturing oral biofilms seeded with dental plaque from human volunteers. Our model recapitulates important features of the in vivo environment including shear force induced by salivary flow over teeth and the nutritional milieu experienced by microbes that inhabit the transitional zone between supragingival and subgingival aspects of the teeth. Importantly, our model is amenable to multiplex fluorescent labeling and multispectral imaging for testing specific hypotheses regarding systems-level community structure and function. The model allows for precise manipulation of various environmental conditions, such as flow rate and nutrient availability to investigate their effects on biofilm development and spatial structure. Furthermore, this model can be used to test the effects of various therapeutic interventions, e.g., antimicrobial agents, on the biofilm composition and structure at the micron to millimeter scale, making it a valuable tool for studying the molecular and cellular basis of dental plaque-mediated diseases and for benchmarking new therapeutic interventions. © 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Dental plaque-on-a-chip in vitro model culture system Support Protocol: Gingival margin (GM) medium preparation Basic Protocol 2: Microcosm labeling and multispectral image acquisition.
Topics: Humans; Dental Plaque; Biofilms; Microbiota
PubMed: 37830790
DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.902 -
Clinical Oral Investigations Nov 2023In this prospective clinical study, the effect of clear aligners on periodontal health and oral hygiene was examined. As the same time, microbial changes of the aligner...
OBJECTIVES
In this prospective clinical study, the effect of clear aligners on periodontal health and oral hygiene was examined. As the same time, microbial changes of the aligner tray and subgingival microbiota community were investigated.
METHODS
The study recruited fifteen patients, and clinical parameters were recorded at three different time points: before the initiation of aligner treatment (T0), 1 month after treatment onset (T1), and 3 months after treatment onset (T3). Plaque samples were collected from the inner surface of aligners and subgingival sulcus at each of these time points. The microbial composition of the samples was analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and changes were evaluated based on the abundance of amplicon sequence variants (ASVs).
RESULTS
Reduction in plaque index and improvement in periodontal health were observed. In aligner tray plaque samples, the relative abundance of Streptococcus increased significantly, as well as the richness and diversity of microbiota decreased substantially as the duration of treatment time. In subgingival plaque samples, alpha and beta diversity of microbiota did not change significantly.
CONCLUSIONS
During the clear aligner treatment, the patients' periodontium remained in a healthy condition, and clear aligner treatment had no significant impact on the composition of subgingival microbiota. The structure of the aligner tray microbiota altered significantly at both phylum and genus levels and attracted a unique and less diverse microbiota community.
CLABSINABSICAL RELEVANCE
Clear aligner treatment has no significant impact on periodontal health and subgingival microbiota composition of patients.
Topics: Humans; Prospective Studies; Oral Health; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Dental Plaque; Microbiota; Orthodontic Appliances, Removable
PubMed: 37775585
DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05281-y -
Clinical Rheumatology Jun 2024Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is an autoimmune disease with unknown etiology that is considered to be related to environmental and genetic factors. The aim of this...
OBJECTIVE
Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is an autoimmune disease with unknown etiology that is considered to be related to environmental and genetic factors. The aim of this study was to clarify the oral microflora characteristics of pSS patients and to reveal the connection between oral bacterial composition and dental caries using a high-throughput sequencing technique.
METHODS
Thirty-five pSS patients and 20 healthy controls were enrolled in this study. We collected saliva and plaque samples from pSS patients and saliva samples from healthy controls. We used 16S ribosomal DNA (16S rDNA) high-throughput sequencing targeting the V3-V4 hypervariable region to determine the composition and structure of the microbiota in the three sample sets. Finally, bioinformatics analyses, including the diversity of the microbiota, species differences, and functional prediction were performed.
RESULTS
In the alpha diversity and beta diversity analysis, the Chao1 (P < 0.01), observed species (P < 0.01), and PD whole tree indices (P < 0.01) were significantly lower in the saliva and plaque samples of pSS patients than in the saliva samples of healthy controls, but the Shannon (P < 0.01) and Simpson indices (P < 0.01) were significantly higher in the healthy controls, and their total diversity significantly differed. In the main flora composition at the genus level (top 10), we identified Prevotella and Veillonella as more enriched in the saliva of pSS patients and Fusobacterium, Actinomyces, and Leptotrichia as more enriched in the plaque of pSS patients. Predictive functional analysis showed that the oral microbiota of pSS patients was related to translation, metabolism of cofactors and vitamins, and nucleotide metabolism.
CONCLUSIONS
The oral microbial ecology of patients with pSS is dysregulated, resulting in a decrease in overall diversity. Prevotella and Veillonella may be related to pSS, while Fusobacterium, Actinomyces, and Leptotrichia may be related to dental caries in pSS patients. Key Points • This study revealed differences in the oral microbial composition of patients with pSS compared to healthy controls. • We included a plaque group of pSS patients to identify the microbiota related to pSS and dental caries. • Prevotella and Veillonella may contribute to pSS, and Fusobacterium, Actinomyces, and Leptotrichia are associated with dental caries in pSS patients.
Topics: Humans; Sjogren's Syndrome; Female; Middle Aged; Saliva; Microbiota; Male; Adult; Mouth; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Case-Control Studies; Aged; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; Dental Plaque; Dental Caries
PubMed: 38602612
DOI: 10.1007/s10067-024-06958-9 -
Journal of Dental Research Feb 2024Dental plaque, a highly structured polymicrobial biofilm, persistently forms in the oral cavity and is a common problem affecting oral health. The role of oral defense...
Dental plaque, a highly structured polymicrobial biofilm, persistently forms in the oral cavity and is a common problem affecting oral health. The role of oral defense factors in either collaborating or disrupting host-microbiome interactions remains insufficiently elucidated. This study aims to explore the role of LL-37, a critical antimicrobial peptide in the oral cavity, in dental plaque formation. Through immunostaining dental plaque specimens, we observed that LL-37 and DNA colocalized in the samples, appearing as condensed clusters. In vitro experiments revealed that LL-37 binds rapidly to oral bacterial DNA, forming high molecular weight, DNase-resistant complexes. This interaction results in LL-37 losing its inherent antibacterial activity. Further, upon the addition of LL-37, we observed a visible increase in the precipitation of bacterial DNA. We also discovered a significant correlation between the levels of the DNA-LL-37 complex and LL-37 within dental plaque specimens, demonstrating the ubiquity of the complex within the biofilm. By using immunostaining on dental plaque specimens, we could determine that the DNA-LL-37 complex was present as condensed clusters and small bacterial cell-like structures. This suggests that LL-37 immediately associates with the released bacterial DNA to form complexes that subsequently diffuse. We also demonstrated that the complexes exhibited similar Toll-like receptor 9-stimulating activities across different bacterial species, including , , , and . However, these complexes prompted dissimilar activities, such as the production of IL-1β in monocytic cells via both NLRP3 pathway-dependent and pathway-independent mechanisms. This study, therefore, reveals the adverse role of LL-37 in dental plaque, where it binds bacterial DNA to form complexes that may precipitate to behave like an extracellular matrix. Furthermore, the unveiled stimulating properties and species-dependent activities of the oral bacterial DNA-LL-37 complexes enrich our understanding of dental plaque pathogenicity and periodontal innate immune responses.
Topics: Humans; DNA, Bacterial; Dental Plaque; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Fusobacterium nucleatum; DNA
PubMed: 38093556
DOI: 10.1177/00220345231210767 -
Journal of Oral Biology and... 2023Metastasizing Ameloblastoma (MA) is an aggressive variant of ameloblastoma (AM) with the ability to metastasize without cytological malignant changes. Thus it aims to... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Metastasizing Ameloblastoma (MA) is an aggressive variant of ameloblastoma (AM) with the ability to metastasize without cytological malignant changes. Thus it aims to comprehensively review the clinico-pathological and prognostic aspects of MA through integration of current literature.
METHODS
Electronic searches were conducted in PubMed-MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar. Two independent reviewers screened abstracts and evaluated paper eligibility. AMSTAR2 checklist was used to assessed methodological quality of included systematic reviews (SRs).
RESULTS
From 390 initial papers, 279 underwent eligibility screening, with five systematic reviews (SRs) meeting inclusion criteria. Six hundred sixty-one MA cases were found in five SRs that were included. MA predominantly affects men, exhibits mandible preference, and occurs in individuals in their fourth or fifth decade. Benign metastatic deposits commonly manifest in lungs and lymph nodes. Distant metastasis probability rises with multiple recurrences and incomplete surgical removal. Tumor recurrence and metastasis unfavorably impact clinical outcomes. Quality of evidence assessment was absent across SRs; four SRs were critically low in methodological quality.
CONCLUSIONS
AM's metastatic potential lacks predictability. Early/multiple recurrences post-treatment may signal poor prognosis, warranting vigilant follow-up. Methodical analysis of each AM case is imperative to comprehend the metastatic-benign histology relationship.
PubMed: 38028232
DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2023.10.006 -
Brazilian Oral Research 2024This study aimed to estimate the prevalence and extent of bleeding on probing and calculus in 12-year-old schoolchildren of Quito, Ecuador, and evaluate the associated...
This study aimed to estimate the prevalence and extent of bleeding on probing and calculus in 12-year-old schoolchildren of Quito, Ecuador, and evaluate the associated factors. We conducted an epidemiological survey with a representative sample of 1,100 12-year-old schoolchildren from public schools in the urban area of Quito, Ecuador. We assessed the periodontal health using the Community Periodontal Index (CPI). The prevalence and extent of the periodontal condition was based on the presence of at least one site with bleeding on probing (BOP), and the presence of dental calculus was also evaluated. We used univariate and multiple multilevel Poisson regression analyses to verify the association between the independent variables and the number of sextants with BOP and calculus. The prevalence of BOP and calculus was 92% and 69.9%, respectively. The adjusted mean of the affected sextants was 4.3 and 2.2 for BOP and calculus, respectively. The mother's schooling and malocclusion were associated with the number of sextants with bleeding. The mother's schooling and dental caries experience were associated with calculus. Gingival bleeding and the presence of dental calculus are highly prevalent in 12-year-old schoolchildren from Quito. Gingival bleeding is associated with maternal education and malocclusion, and dental calculus is associated with maternal education and dental caries.
Topics: Humans; Child; Ecuador; Cross-Sectional Studies; Dental Calculus; Dental Caries; Gingival Hemorrhage; Malocclusion
PubMed: 38198302
DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2024.vol38.0002 -
Journal of the American Dental... Jun 2024
Topics: Humans; Dental Calculus; Risk Factors; Treatment Failure; Periodontal Diseases
PubMed: 37656081
DOI: 10.1016/j.adaj.2023.08.001