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International Journal of Nanomedicine 2023Effective infection control without irritating the pulp tissue is the key to successful vital pulp therapy. Developing a novel antibacterial biomaterial that promotes...
INTRODUCTION
Effective infection control without irritating the pulp tissue is the key to successful vital pulp therapy. Developing a novel antibacterial biomaterial that promotes dentin regeneration for pulp capping is thus a promising strategy for enhancing vital pulp therapy.
METHODS
Lithium-doped mesoporous nanoparticles (Li-MNPs) were synthesized using an alkali-catalyzed sol-gel method. The particle size, elemental distribution, surface morphology, pore structure, and ion release from Li-MNPs were measured. Human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) and () were used to evaluate the biological effects of Li-MNPs. In addition, a dental pulp exposure mouse model was used to evaluate the regenerative effects of Li-MNPs.
RESULTS
Li-MNPs had a larger surface area (221.18 m/g), a larger pore volume (0.25 cm/g), and a smaller particle size (520.92 ± 35.21 nm) than MNPs. The in vitro investigation demonstrated that Li-MNPs greatly enhanced the biomineralization and odontogenic differentiation of hDPSCs through the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Li-MNPs showed a strong antibacterial effect on . As expected, Li-MNPs significantly promoted dentin regeneration in situ and in vivo.
CONCLUSION
Li-MNPs promoted dentin regeneration and inhibited growth, implying a possible application as a pulp capping agent in vital pulp therapy.
Topics: Humans; Animals; Mice; Lithium; Nanoparticles; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Streptococcus mutans; Regeneration; Dentin
PubMed: 37746049
DOI: 10.2147/IJN.S424930 -
World Journal of Stem Cells Feb 2024Dental pulp stem/stromal cells (DPSCs) are fibroblast-like, neural crest-derived, and multipotent cells that can differentiate into several lineages. They are relatively...
Dental pulp stem/stromal cells (DPSCs) are fibroblast-like, neural crest-derived, and multipotent cells that can differentiate into several lineages. They are relatively easy to isolate from healthy and inflamed pulps, with little ethical concerns and can be successfully cryopreserved and thawed. The therapeutic effects of DPSCs derived from animal or human sources have been extensively studied through and animal experiments and the findings indicated that DPSCs are effective not only for dental diseases but also for systemic diseases. Understanding that translational research is a critical step through which the fundamental scientific discoveries could be translated into applicable diagnostics and therapeutics that directly benefit humans, several clinical studies were carried out to generate evidence for the efficacy and safety of autogenous or allogeneic human DPSCs (hDPSCs) as a treatment modality for use in cell-based therapy, regenerative medicine/dentistry and tissue engineering. In clinical medicine, hDPSCs were effective for treating acute ischemic stroke and human exfoliated deciduous teeth-conditioned medium (SHED-CM) repaired vascular damage of the corpus cavernous, which is the main cause of erectile dysfunction. Whereas in clinical dentistry, autologous SHED was able to regenerate necrotic dental pulp after implantation into injured teeth, and micrografts enriched with autologous hDPSCs and collagen sponge were considered a treatment option for human intrabony defects. In contrast, hDPSCs did not add a significant regenerative effect when they were used for the treatment of post-extraction sockets. Large-scale clinical studies across diverse populations are still lacking to provide robust evidence on the safety and efficacy of hDPSCs as a new treatment option for various human diseases including dental-related problems.
PubMed: 38455102
DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v16.i2.54 -
Translational Stroke Research Oct 2023Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) can cause severe neurological deficits and high mortality. Early brain edema following SAH contributes to the initiation of...
Dental Pulp Stem Cell-Derived Conditioned Medium Alleviates Subarachnoid Hemorrhage-Induced Microcirculation Impairment by Promoting M2 Microglia Polarization and Reducing Astrocyte Swelling.
Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) can cause severe neurological deficits and high mortality. Early brain edema following SAH contributes to the initiation of microcirculation impairment and may further lead to delayed ischemic neurologic deficit (DIND). This study aimed to investigate whether dental pulp stem cell conditioned medium (DPSC-CM) ameliorates SAH-induced microcirculation impairment and the underlying mechanisms. SAH was induced via intrathecal injection of fresh autologous blood in Wistar male adult rat. DPSC-CM or DPSC-CM + insulin growth factor-1 (IGF-1) antibody was randomly administered by intrathecal route 5 min after SAH induction. To evaluate the underlying mechanisms of DPSC-CM in the treatment of SAH, primary rat astrocyte and microglia co-cultures were challenged with hemolysate or SAH-patient CSF in the presence or absence of DPSC-CM. The results showed that in vivo, DPSC-CM treatment decreased the brain water content, improved microcirculation impairment and enhanced functional recovery at 24 h post-SAH. DPSC-CM treatment also alleviated the expressions of water channel protein aquaporin-4 (AQP4) and pro-inflammatory cytokines, and enhanced the expressions of anti-inflammatory factors in the cortical region. However, all the beneficial effects of DPSC-CM were abrogated after treatment with IGF-1 neutralizing antibody. The in vitro results further showed that DPSC-CM treatment reduced hemolysate/SAH-patient CSF-induced astrocyte swelling and promoted M2 microglia polarization, partially through IGF-1/AKT signaling. The data suggested that DPSC-CM significantly reduced brain edema and rescued microcirculation impairment with concomitant anti-inflammatory benefits after SAH, and may potentially be developed into a novel therapeutic strategy for SAH.
Topics: Rats; Male; Animals; Microglia; Rats, Wistar; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage; Culture Media, Conditioned; Disease Models, Animal; Brain Edema; Microcirculation; Astrocytes; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; Dental Pulp; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Stem Cells
PubMed: 36181630
DOI: 10.1007/s12975-022-01083-8 -
Journal of Clinical and Experimental... Sep 2023The application of forces during orthodontic treatment can induce pulpal calcifications, characterized by the deposition of mineralized tissue in the pulp cavity space,... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
The application of forces during orthodontic treatment can induce pulpal calcifications, characterized by the deposition of mineralized tissue in the pulp cavity space, there may be repercussions on dental procedures, especially endodontic treatment. The objective of this article is to map the scientific evidence and any gaps in knowledge regarding the relationship between orthodontics and dental pulp calcifications.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
The study comprised a scoping review whose guiding question was: "What is the scientific evidence of the association between pulpal calcifications and orthodontic treatment?" Two independent reviewers searched the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases and the grey literature. Original articles and observational and clinical trials, which addressed the repercussions on the pulp cavity of teeth submitted to orthodontic treatment, were included. There was no language restriction or limitation of the year of publication until October 2022.
RESULTS
After critical reading and applying the eligibility criteria, 11 studies were included in this scoping review: six observational and five experimental studies. A statistically significant association of orthodontic treatment with changes in pulp cavity volume and increased incidence of pulp stones was observed among the studies findings.
CONCLUSIONS
The orthodontic force can promote changes in the dental pulp that may cause direct implications in other dental treatments, especially endodontic treatment. Dental pulp calcifications, pulp node, pulp obliteration, orthodontic treatment, orthodontics.
PubMed: 37799748
DOI: 10.4317/jced.60777 -
Improved Method for Dental Pulp Stem Cell Preservation and Its Underlying Cell Biological Mechanism.Cells Aug 2023Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) are considered a valuable cell source for regenerative medicine because of their high proliferative potential, multipotency, and...
Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) are considered a valuable cell source for regenerative medicine because of their high proliferative potential, multipotency, and availability. We established a new cryopreservation method (NCM) for collecting DPSCs, in which the tissue itself is cryopreserved and DPSCs are collected after thawing. We improved the NCM and developed a new method for collecting and preserving DPSCs more efficiently. Dental pulp tissue was collected from an extracted tooth, divided into two pieces, sandwiched from above and below using cell culture inserts, and cultured. As a result, the cells in the pulp tissue migrated vertically over time and localized near the upper and lower membranes over 2-3 days. With regard to the underlying molecular mechanism, SDF1 was predominantly involved in cell migration. This improved method is valuable and enables the more efficient collection and reliable preservation of DPSCs. It has the potential to procure a large number of DPSCs stably.
Topics: Dental Pulp; Cryopreservation; Cancer Vaccines; Cell Culture Techniques; Stem Cells
PubMed: 37681870
DOI: 10.3390/cells12172138 -
Colloids and Surfaces. B, Biointerfaces Sep 2023Exosomes are produced by all the cells and exist in all body fluids. They have been regarded as potentially promising to diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic bioactive... (Review)
Review
Exosomes are produced by all the cells and exist in all body fluids. They have been regarded as potentially promising to diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic bioactive mediators since they transport DNA, RNA and protein information from cell to cell. Herein, we summarized the recent research about exosomes from gingival crevicular fluid, saliva and serum used as diagnostic markers in periodontitis and dental caries. Moreover, we highlighted the mechanisms of exosomes in dental pulp regeneration and periodontal regeneration, as well as the technological innovation of exosome delivery methods in oral disease. In the end, this review discussed the advantages and future challenges of exosomes in real clinical applications.
Topics: Humans; Exosomes; Dental Caries; Dental Pulp; Regeneration; Biomarkers
PubMed: 37451223
DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2023.113429 -
Clinical Oral Investigations May 2024To obtain and compare the protein profiles of supernumerary and normal permanent dental pulp tissues. (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
OBJECTIVES
To obtain and compare the protein profiles of supernumerary and normal permanent dental pulp tissues.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Dental pulp tissues were obtained from supernumerary and normal permanent teeth. Proteins were extracted and analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS-MS). Protein identification and quantification from MS data was performed with MaxQuant. Statistical analysis was conducted using Metaboanalyst to identify differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) (P-value < 0.05, fold-change > 2). Gene Ontology enrichment analyses were performed with gProfiler.
RESULTS
A total of 3,534 proteins were found in normal dental pulp tissue and 1,093 in supernumerary dental pulp tissue, with 174 DEPs between the two groups. This analysis revealed similar functional characteristics in terms of cellular component organization, cell differentiation, developmental process, and response to stimulus, alongside exclusive functions unique to normal permanent dental pulp tissues such as healing, vascular development and cell death. Upon examination of DEPs, these proteins were associated with the processes of wound healing and apoptosis.
CONCLUSIONS
This study provides a comprehensive understanding of the protein profile of dental pulp tissue, including the first such profiling of supernumerary permanent dental pulp. There are functional differences between the proteomic profiles of supernumerary and normal permanent dental pulp tissue, despite certain biological similarities between the two groups. Differences in protein expression were identified, and the identified DEPs were linked to the healing and apoptosis processes.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
This discovery enhances our knowledge of supernumerary and normal permanent pulp tissue, and serves as a valuable reference for future studies on supernumerary teeth.
Topics: Dental Pulp; Humans; Proteomics; Tooth, Supernumerary; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Chromatography, Liquid; Male; Female; Adolescent; Dentition, Permanent; Child
PubMed: 38758416
DOI: 10.1007/s00784-024-05698-z -
International Journal of Molecular... Jul 2023Protected by the surrounding mineralized barriers of enamel, dentin, and cementum, dental pulp is a functionally versatile tissue that fulfills multiple roles [...].
Protected by the surrounding mineralized barriers of enamel, dentin, and cementum, dental pulp is a functionally versatile tissue that fulfills multiple roles [...].
Topics: Dentin; Dental Pulp; Regeneration; Tissue Engineering
PubMed: 37511210
DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411453 -
Cells May 2024Fibrosis is a pathological condition consisting of a delayed deposition and remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM) by fibroblasts. This deregulation is mostly...
Fibrosis is a pathological condition consisting of a delayed deposition and remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM) by fibroblasts. This deregulation is mostly triggered by a chronic stimulus mediated by pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α and IL-1, which activate fibroblasts. Due to their anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive potential, dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) could affect fibrotic processes. This study aims to clarify if DPSCs can affect fibroblast activation and modulate collagen deposition. We set up a transwell co-culture system, where DPSCs were seeded above the monolayer of fibroblasts and stimulated with LPS or a combination of TNF-α and IL-1β and quantified a set of genes involved in inflammasome activation or ECM deposition. Cytokines-stimulated co-cultured fibroblasts, compared to unstimulated ones, showed a significant increase in the expression of IL-1β, IL-6, NAIP, AIM2, CASP1, FN1, and TGF-β genes. At the protein level, IL-1β and IL-6 release as well as FN1 were increased in stimulated, co-cultured fibroblasts. Moreover, we found a significant increase of MMP-9 production, suggesting a role of DPSCs in ECM remodeling. Our data seem to suggest a crosstalk between cultured fibroblasts and DPSCs, which seems to modulate genes involved in inflammasome activation, ECM deposition, wound healing, and fibrosis.
Topics: Dental Pulp; Fibroblasts; Humans; Inflammasomes; Stem Cells; Collagen; Coculture Techniques; Extracellular Matrix; Cells, Cultured; Cytokines; Dermis; Interleukin-1beta
PubMed: 38786058
DOI: 10.3390/cells13100836 -
The Libyan Journal of Medicine Dec 2024The study aimed to radiographically assess the characteristics of pulp stones (PS) and pulp canal obliteration (PCO) in teeth and examined their associations with... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
The study aimed to radiographically assess the characteristics of pulp stones (PS) and pulp canal obliteration (PCO) in teeth and examined their associations with various dental parameters such as caries, restorations, periodontal status, and age. This cross-sectional observational study was conducted at the Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University between September 2022, and May 2023, involved 101 patients exhibiting 402 teeth with PS or PCO. Data were collected from periapical and bitewing radiographs, and analyzed by two calibrated dentists. Multiple dental parameters were assessed, including caries level, presence and level of restorations, periodontal condition, and age of the patient. The study population consisted of 62 females and 39 males, with an age range of 18-65 years. Inter- and intra-examiner reliability were high (Kappa = 0.88 and 0.98 respectively). PS were more commonly found in molars (81.2%), while PCO were presented in only 115 teeth (23%). Age significantly affected the type of calcification ( < 0.001), with PS more common in the 20-30 age group and PCO more common in individuals over 40. Presence of caries was significantly associated with the type of calcification ( = 0.013), but restoration was not. The majority of teeth with PS (76%) or PCO (93%) had healthy periodontium. Around 40% of teeth with PCO showed signs of periapical changes, a finding significantly different from those with PS ( < 0.001). Pulp calcifications were significantly associated with various dental parameters, including caries presence, age, and periodontal status. The findings provide crucial insights into the epidemiology and aetiology of pulp calcifications.
Topics: Female; Male; Humans; Adolescent; Young Adult; Adult; Middle Aged; Aged; Cross-Sectional Studies; Dental Pulp Calcification; Dental Pulp Cavity; Reproducibility of Results
PubMed: 38258544
DOI: 10.1080/19932820.2024.2306768