-
Clinical Infectious Diseases : An... Aug 2023The microbiology, epidemiology, diagnostics, and treatment of infective endocarditis (IE) have changed significantly since the Duke Criteria were published in 1994 and...
The microbiology, epidemiology, diagnostics, and treatment of infective endocarditis (IE) have changed significantly since the Duke Criteria were published in 1994 and modified in 2000. The International Society for Cardiovascular Infectious Diseases (ISCVID) convened a multidisciplinary Working Group to update the diagnostic criteria for IE. The resulting 2023 Duke-ISCVID IE Criteria propose significant changes, including new microbiology diagnostics (enzyme immunoassay for Bartonella species, polymerase chain reaction, amplicon/metagenomic sequencing, in situ hybridization), imaging (positron emission computed tomography with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose, cardiac computed tomography), and inclusion of intraoperative inspection as a new Major Clinical Criterion. The list of "typical" microorganisms causing IE was expanded and includes pathogens to be considered as typical only in the presence of intracardiac prostheses. The requirements for timing and separate venipunctures for blood cultures were removed. Last, additional predisposing conditions (transcatheter valve implants, endovascular cardiac implantable electronic devices, prior IE) were clarified. These diagnostic criteria should be updated periodically by making the Duke-ISCVID Criteria available online as a "Living Document."
Topics: Humans; Endocarditis, Bacterial; Endocarditis; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Positron-Emission Tomography; Heart Valve Prosthesis; Communicable Diseases
PubMed: 37138445
DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciad271 -
PET Clinics Jul 2023Tissue injury in nonmalignant human disease can develop from either disproportionate inflammation or exaggerated fibrotic responses. The molecular and cellular... (Review)
Review
Tissue injury in nonmalignant human disease can develop from either disproportionate inflammation or exaggerated fibrotic responses. The molecular and cellular fundamental of these 2 processes, their impact on disease prognosis and the treatment concept deviates fundamentally. Consequently, the synchronous assessment and quantification of these 2 processes in vivo is extremely desirable. Although noninvasive molecular techniques such as F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET offer insights into the degree of inflammatory activity, the assessment of the molecular dynamics of fibrosis remains challenging. The Ga-fibroblast activation protein inhibitor-46 may improve noninvasive clinical diagnostic performance in patients with both fibroinflammatory pathology and long-term CT-abnormalities after severe COVID-19.
Topics: Humans; COVID-19; Positron-Emission Tomography; Inflammation; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Gallium Radioisotopes; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18
PubMed: 36990946
DOI: 10.1016/j.cpet.2023.02.004 -
Neuron Sep 2023Intermittent fasting (IF) is a diet with salutary effects on cognitive aging, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and stroke. IF restricts a number of nutrient components,...
Intermittent fasting (IF) is a diet with salutary effects on cognitive aging, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and stroke. IF restricts a number of nutrient components, including glucose. 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG), a glucose analog, can be used to mimic glucose restriction. 2-DG induced transcription of the pro-plasticity factor, Bdnf, in the brain without ketosis. Accordingly, 2-DG enhanced memory in an AD model (5xFAD) and functional recovery in an ischemic stroke model. 2-DG increased Bdnf transcription via reduced N-linked glycosylation, consequent ER stress, and activity of ATF4 at an enhancer of the Bdnf gene, as well as other regulatory regions of plasticity/regeneration (e.g., Creb5, Cdc42bpa, Ppp3cc, and Atf3) genes. These findings demonstrate an unrecognized role for N-linked glycosylation as an adaptive sensor to reduced glucose availability. They further demonstrate that ER stress induced by 2-DG can, in the absence of ketosis, lead to the transcription of genes involved in plasticity and cognitive resilience as well as proteostasis.
Topics: Humans; Deoxyglucose; Alzheimer Disease; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; Glucose; Stroke; Ketosis; Activating Transcription Factor 4
PubMed: 37453419
DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.06.013 -
RoFo : Fortschritte Auf Dem Gebiete Der... Jun 2024
Topics: Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Humans; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Radiopharmaceuticals; Whole Body Imaging; Sensitivity and Specificity
PubMed: 38776932
DOI: 10.1055/a-2276-0522 -
Seminars in Radiation Oncology Jul 2023PET imaging with 2'-deoxy-2'-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose ([18F]FDG) has become one of the pillars in the management of malignant diseases. It has proven value in diagnostic... (Review)
Review
PET imaging with 2'-deoxy-2'-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose ([18F]FDG) has become one of the pillars in the management of malignant diseases. It has proven value in diagnostic workup, treatment policy, follow-up, and as prognosticator for outcome. [18F]FDG is widely available and standards have been developed for PET acquisition protocols and quantitative analyses. More recently, [18F]FDG-PET is also starting to be appreciated as a decision aid for treatment personalization. This review focuses on the potential of [18F]FDG-PET for individualized radiotherapy dose prescription. This includes dose painting, gradient dose prescription, and [18F]FDG-PET guided response-adapted dose prescription. The current status, progress, and future expectations of these developments for various tumor types are discussed.
Topics: Humans; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Positron-Emission Tomography; Neoplasms; Glucose; Radiopharmaceuticals
PubMed: 37331783
DOI: 10.1016/j.semradonc.2023.03.006 -
Cancer Imaging : the Official... Aug 2023F18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG PET/CT) plays a crucial role in tumour diagnosis, staging, and therapy response evaluation... (Review)
Review
F18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG PET/CT) plays a crucial role in tumour diagnosis, staging, and therapy response evaluation of various cancer types and has been a standard imaging modality used in clinical oncology practice for many years. However, it has certain limitations in evaluating some particular gastrointestinal cancer types due to low FDG-avidity or interphering physiological background activity. Fibroblast activation protein (FAP), a protein of the tumour microenvironment, is overexpressed in a wide range of cancers which makes it an attractive target for both tumour imaging and therapy. Recently, FAP-targeted radiopharmaceuticals are widely used in clinical research and achieved great results in tumour imaging. Considering the limitations of FDG PET/CT and the lack of physiological FAP-targeted tracer uptake in liver and intestinal loops, gastrointestinal cancers are among the most promising indications of FAP-targeted imaging. Herein, we present a comprehensive review of FAP-targeted imaging in gastrointestinal cancers in order to clarify the current and potential future role of this class of molecules in gastrointestinal oncology.
Topics: Humans; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms; Positron-Emission Tomography; Liver; Tumor Microenvironment
PubMed: 37608378
DOI: 10.1186/s40644-023-00598-z -
Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine Sep 2023This review provides an assessment of biomarkers in sarcoidosis, aiming to address the need for improved diagnostic, prognostic and management tools. Sarcoidosis... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
This review provides an assessment of biomarkers in sarcoidosis, aiming to address the need for improved diagnostic, prognostic and management tools. Sarcoidosis presents diagnostic challenges, necessitating the search for reliable biomarkers to guide clinical decisions.
RECENT FINDINGS
Established biomarkers such as serum angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and serum interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R) have limitations in sensitivity and specificity. FDG-PET/CT imaging shows promising results in assessing disease activity and guiding immunosuppression. Gene expression profiling studies reveal potential biomarkers, particularly involving TH1 immune response and IFN-γ-driven signalling pathways. The field of omics sciences offers opportunities for novel biomarker discovery.
SUMMARY
These findings have implications for clinical practice and research. The limitations of established biomarkers underscore the need for improved diagnostic tools in sarcoidosis. The potential of FDG-PET/CT imaging requires further exploration. Gene expression profiling and omics sciences offer avenues for discovering novel biomarkers to enhance diagnosis and predict disease progression. Such advancements can facilitate personalized treatment strategies and improve patient outcomes. Continued research is vital to validate the efficacy and clinical applicability of these biomarkers. Overall, this review emphasizes ongoing efforts to advance sarcoidosis biomarkers research and improve disease management.
Topics: Humans; Precision Medicine; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Sarcoidosis; Biomarkers
PubMed: 37410487
DOI: 10.1097/MCP.0000000000000985 -
Cancer Letters Jul 2023Glioma is a fatal primary brain tumor. Improved glioma treatment effectiveness depends on a better understanding of its underlying mechanisms. Glioblastoma (GBM), was...
Glioma is a fatal primary brain tumor. Improved glioma treatment effectiveness depends on a better understanding of its underlying mechanisms. Glioblastoma (GBM), was classified as high-grade glioma with the most lethality and therapeutic resistance. Herein, we reported LINC00978 overexpressed in high-grade gliomas. Down-regulation of LINC00978 in glioblastoma cells inhibited cell proliferation, invasion, migration, and induced apoptosis. In vivo experiments confirmed that the CamK-A siRNA of LINC00978 could effectively inhibit the proliferation of glioblastoma cells. The main pathway and genes regulated by LINC00978 were detected using RNA sequencing to elucidate the molecular mechanism. The results suggest that LINC00978 regulates the expression of genes related to metabolic pathways, including aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B (AKR1B1), which mediates the cytotoxicity of 2-deoxyglucose. LINC00978 positively regulated AKR1B1 expression, and 2-deoxyglucose induced AKR1B1 expression via a LINC00978-dependent mechanism. This research has revealed that LINC00978 promotes the sensitivity of glioblastoma cells to 2DG. LINC00978 is highly expressed in most high-grade glioma patients. Thus, understanding the anticancer mechanism identified in this study may contribute to treating the majority of glioma patients. This study clarified the function and molecular mechanism of LINC00978 in glioblastoma and provided a study basis for LINC00978 to guide the clinical treatment of glioblastoma.
Topics: Humans; Glioblastoma; Glioma; Cell Proliferation; Down-Regulation; Deoxyglucose; Cell Line, Tumor; Brain Neoplasms; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Aldehyde Reductase
PubMed: 37336288
DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216277 -
Journal of Nuclear Medicine : Official... Nov 2023Infections account for relevant morbidity and mortality, especially if the cardiovascular system is affected. Clinical manifestations are often unspecific, resulting in... (Review)
Review
Infections account for relevant morbidity and mortality, especially if the cardiovascular system is affected. Clinical manifestations are often unspecific, resulting in a challenging diagnostic work-up. The use of molecular imaging methods, namely [F]FDG PET and leukocyte scintigraphy, is increasingly recognized in recently published international guidelines. However, these 2 established methods focus on the host's immune response to the pathogen and are therefore virtually unable to differentiate infection from inflammation. Targeting the microorganism responsible for the infection directly with novel imaging agents is a promising strategy to overcome these limitations. In this review, we discuss clinically approved [F]FDG PET with its advantages and limitations in cardiovascular infections, followed by new PET-based approaches for the detection of cardiovascular infections by bacteria-specific molecular imaging methods. A multitude of different targeting options has already been preclinically evaluated, but most still lack clinical translation. We give an overview not only on promising tracer candidates for noninvasive molecular imaging of infections but also on issues hampering clinical translation.
Topics: Humans; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Radiopharmaceuticals; Cardiovascular System; Cardiovascular Infections
PubMed: 37918846
DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.122.264869 -
Seminars in Nuclear Medicine Sep 2023Fibroblast activation protein inhibitor (FAPI) is a promising tracer in oncologic positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT). Numerous studies have... (Review)
Review
Fibroblast activation protein inhibitor (FAPI) is a promising tracer in oncologic positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT). Numerous studies have demonstrated the superior sensitivity of FAPI PET/CT over fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/CT in several types of cancer. However, the cancer specificity of FAPI uptake remains understudied, and several cases of false-positive FAPI PET/CT findings have been reported. A systematic search of PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science was conducted for studies published prior to April 2022 reporting nonmalignant FAPI PET/CT findings. We included original peer-reviewed articles of studies in humans using FAPI tracers radiolabeled with Ga or F that were published in English. Papers without original data and studies with insufficient information were excluded. Nonmalignant findings were presented on a per-lesion basis and grouped according to the type of organ or tissue involved. The search identified a total of 1.178 papers, of which 108 studies were eligible. Eighty studies were case reports (74%), and the remaining 28 were cohort studies (26%). A total of 2.372 FAPI-avid nonmalignant findings were reported, with the most frequent being uptake in the arteries, e.g., related to plaques (n = 1178, 49%). FAPI uptake was also frequently related to degenerative and traumatic bone and joint lesions (n = 147, 6%) or arthritis (n = 92, 4%). For organs, diffuse or focal uptake was often seen in cases of inflammation, infection, fibrosis, and IgG4-related disease (n = 157, 7%). FAPI-avid inflammatory/reactive lymph nodes (n = 121, 5%) and tuberculosis lesions (n = 51, 2%) have been reported and could prove to be potential pitfalls in cancer staging. Periodontitis (n = 76, 3%), hemorrhoids (n = 47, 2%), and scarring/wound healing (n = 35, 2%) also presented as focal uptake on FAPI PET/CT. The present review provides an overview of the reported FAPI-avid nonmalignant PET/CT findings to date. A large number of benign clinical entities may show FAPI uptake and should be kept in mind when interpreting FAPI PET/CT findings in patients with cancer.
Topics: Humans; Biological Transport; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Gallium Radioisotopes; Inflammation; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography
PubMed: 36813670
DOI: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2023.02.001