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Reviews in Endocrine & Metabolic... Feb 2024In the last years growing evidences on the role of radiomics and machine learning (ML) applied to different nuclear medicine imaging modalities for the assessment of... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
In the last years growing evidences on the role of radiomics and machine learning (ML) applied to different nuclear medicine imaging modalities for the assessment of thyroid diseases are starting to emerge. The aim of this systematic review was therefore to analyze the diagnostic performances of these technologies in this setting.
METHODS
A wide literature search of the PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus and Web of Science databases was made in order to find relevant published articles about the role of radiomics or ML on nuclear medicine imaging for the evaluation of different thyroid diseases.
RESULTS
Seventeen studies were included in the systematic review. Radiomics and ML were applied for assessment of thyroid incidentalomas at F-FDG PET, evaluation of cytologically indeterminate thyroid nodules, assessment of thyroid cancer and classification of thyroid diseases using nuclear medicine techniques.
CONCLUSION
Despite some intrinsic limitations of radiomics and ML may have affect the results of this review, these technologies seem to have a promising role in the assessment of thyroid diseases. Validation of preliminary findings in multicentric studies is needed to translate radiomics and ML approaches in the clinical setting.
Topics: Humans; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Machine Learning; Nuclear Medicine; Radiomics; Thyroid Neoplasms; Thyroid Nodule; Thyroid Diseases
PubMed: 37434097
DOI: 10.1007/s11154-023-09822-4 -
Nuclear Medicine Communications Dec 2023
Topics: Positron-Emission Tomography; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18
PubMed: 37901931
DOI: 10.1097/MNM.0000000000001772 -
Revista Espanola de Medicina Nuclear E... 2023
Topics: Humans; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Castleman Disease; Positron-Emission Tomography; Radiopharmaceuticals
PubMed: 37422261
DOI: 10.1016/j.remnie.2023.06.008 -
Journal of Nuclear Medicine : Official... Nov 2023Since the development of fibroblast activation protein-targeted radiopharmaceuticals, Ga-fibroblast activation protein inhibitor (FAPI) PET/CT has been found to be...
Since the development of fibroblast activation protein-targeted radiopharmaceuticals, Ga-fibroblast activation protein inhibitor (FAPI) PET/CT has been found to be suitable for detecting primary and metastatic lesions in many types of tumors. However, there is currently a lack of reliable data regarding the clinical impact of this family of probes. To address this gap, the present study aimed to analyze the clinical impact of Ga-FAPI PET/CT by examining a large cohort of patients with various tumors. In total, 226 patients (137 male and 89 female) were included in this retrospective analysis. Pancreatic cancer and head and neck cancers were the most common tumor types in this cohort. TNM stage and oncologic management were initially determined with gold standard imaging, and these results were compared with Ga-FAPI PET/CT. Changes were classified as major and minor. For 42% of all patients, TNM stage was changed by Ga-FAPI PET/CT results. Most of these changes resulted in upstaging. A change in clinical management occurred in 117 of 226 patients. Although a major change in management occurred in only 12% of patients, there was a significant improvement in the ability to accurately plan radiation therapy. In general, the highest clinical impact of Ga-FAPI PET/CT imaging was found in patients with lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, and head and neck tumors. Ga-FAPI PET/CT is a promising imaging probe that has a significant impact on TNM stage and clinical management. Ga-FAPI PET/CT promises to be a crucial new technology that will improve on conventional radiologic imaging methods such as contrast-enhanced CT and contrast-enhanced MRI typically acquired for cancer staging.
Topics: Humans; Female; Male; Gallium Radioisotopes; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Retrospective Studies; Medical Oncology; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Quinolines
PubMed: 37678928
DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.123.266046 -
Rheumatology (Oxford, England) Aug 2023
Topics: Humans; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Radiopharmaceuticals; Positron-Emission Tomography; Muscles
PubMed: 36625515
DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kead003 -
Skeletal Radiology Jun 2024
Topics: Humans; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Positron-Emission Tomography; Radiopharmaceuticals; Incidental Findings; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 38063891
DOI: 10.1007/s00256-023-04530-1 -
Skeletal Radiology Jun 2024
Topics: Humans; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Positron-Emission Tomography; Radiopharmaceuticals; Incidental Findings; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 38032363
DOI: 10.1007/s00256-023-04532-z -
Journal of Applied Physiology... Aug 2023Lung perfusion magnitude and distribution are essential for oxygenation and, potentially, lung inflammation and protection during acute respiratory distress syndrome...
Lung perfusion magnitude and distribution are essential for oxygenation and, potentially, lung inflammation and protection during acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Yet, perfusion patterns and their relationship to inflammation are unknown pre-ARDS. We aimed to assess perfusion/density ratios and spatial perfusion-density distributions and associate these to lung inflammation, during early lung injury in large animals at different physiological conditions caused by different systemic inflammation and positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) levels. Sheep were protectively ventilated (16-24 h) and imaged for lung density, pulmonary capillary perfusion (Nitrogen-saline), and inflammation (F-fluorodeoxyglucose) using positron emission and computed tomography. We studied four conditions: permissive atelectasis (PEEP = 0 cmHO); and ARDSNet low-stretch PEEP-setting strategy with supine moderate or mild endotoxemia, and prone mild endotoxemia. Perfusion/density heterogeneity increased pre-ARDS in all groups. Perfusion redistribution to density depended on ventilation strategy and endotoxemia level, producing more atelectasis in mild than moderate endotoxemia ( = 0.010) with the oxygenation-based PEEP-setting strategy. The spatial distribution of F-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake was related to local Q/D ( < 0.001 for Q/D group interaction). Moderate endotoxemia yielded markedly low/zero perfusion in normal-low density lung, with Nitrogen-saline perfusion indicating nondependent capillary obliteration. Prone animals' perfusion was remarkably homogeneously distributed with density. Lung perfusion redistributes heterogeneously to density during pre-ARDS protective ventilation in animals. This is associated with increased inflammation, nondependent capillary obliteration, and lung derecruitment susceptibility depending on endotoxemia level and ventilation strategy. Perfusion redistribution does not follow lung density redistribution in the first 16-24 h of systemic endotoxemia and protective tidal volume mechanical ventilation. The same oxygenation-based positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP)-setting strategy can lead at different endotoxemia levels to different perfusion redistributions, PEEP values, and lung aerations, worsening lung biomechanical conditions. During early acute lung injury, regional perfusion-to-tissue density ratio is associated with increased neutrophilic inflammation, and susceptibility to nondependent capillary occlusion and lung derecruitment, potentially marking and/or driving lung injury.
Topics: Animals; Sheep; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Endotoxemia; Lung; Acute Lung Injury; Respiratory Distress Syndrome; Pneumonia; Pulmonary Atelectasis; Inflammation; Perfusion; Nitrogen
PubMed: 37289955
DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00028.2023 -
Clinical Nuclear Medicine Sep 2023Hibernomas are "pseudolipomas" originating from remnants of fetal brown adipose tissue. These rare benign tumors may occur throughout the body but most commonly in the... (Review)
Review
Hibernomas are "pseudolipomas" originating from remnants of fetal brown adipose tissue. These rare benign tumors may occur throughout the body but most commonly in the thigh, shoulder, back, and neck, and are rarely found in the abdominal cavity, retroperitoneum, breast, bones, scrotum, and perirectum. We present a case of a 58-year-old woman with a known mediastinal mass, who was incidentally found to have a very FDG-avid fat-containing lesion in the omentum abutting the stomach. Subsequent endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration confirmed hibernoma. The review of the literature shows the location is very unusual.
Topics: Male; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Omentum; Lipoma; Neck
PubMed: 37351901
DOI: 10.1097/RLU.0000000000004753 -
Journal of Nuclear Medicine : Official... Nov 2023
Topics: Humans; Female; Breast Neoplasms; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Positron-Emission Tomography; Receptor, ErbB-2; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18
PubMed: 37709535
DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.123.266101