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Journal of Speech, Language, and... Feb 2024Amplitude modulations (AMs) are important for speech intelligibility, and deficits in speech intelligibility are a leading source of impairment in childhood listening...
PURPOSE
Amplitude modulations (AMs) are important for speech intelligibility, and deficits in speech intelligibility are a leading source of impairment in childhood listening difficulties (LiD). The present study aimed to explore the relationships between AM perception and speech-in-noise (SiN) comprehension in children and to determine whether deficits in AM processing contribute to childhood LiD. Evoked responses were used to parse the neural origins of AM processing.
METHOD
Forty-one children with LiD and 44 typically developing children, ages 8-16 years, participated in the study. Behavioral AM depth thresholds were measured at 4 and 40 Hz. SiN tasks included the Listening in Spatialized Noise-Sentences Test (LiSN-S) and a coordinate response measure (CRM)-based task. Evoked responses were obtained during an AM change detection task using alternations between 4 and 40 Hz, including the N1 of the acoustic change complex, auditory steady-state response (ASSR), P300, and a late positive response (late potential [LP]). Maturational effects were explored via age correlations.
RESULTS
Age correlated with 4-Hz AM thresholds, CRM separated talker scores, and N1 amplitude. Age-normed LiSN-S scores obtained without spatial or talker cues correlated with age-corrected 4-Hz AM thresholds and area under the LP curve. CRM separated talker scores correlated with AM thresholds and area under the LP curve. Most behavioral measures of AM perception correlated with the signal-to-noise ratio and phase coherence of the 40-Hz ASSR. AM change response time also correlated with area under the LP curve. Children with LiD exhibited deficits with respect to 4-Hz thresholds, AM change accuracy, and area under the LP curve.
CONCLUSIONS
The observed relationships between AM perception and SiN performance extend the evidence that modulation perception is important for understanding SiN in childhood. In line with this finding, children with LiD demonstrated poorer performance on some measures of AM perception, but their evoked responses implicated a primarily cognitive deficit.
SUPPLEMENTAL MATERIAL
https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.25009103.
Topics: Child; Humans; Noise; Cues; Evoked Potentials; Reaction Time; Perception; Speech Perception; Evoked Potentials, Auditory
PubMed: 38241680
DOI: 10.1044/2023_JSLHR-23-00317 -
Seminars in Ophthalmology Apr 2024To summarize and analyze critically the scientific evidence focused on the effectiveness of the use of hydrophilic contact lenses (HCLs) in myopia control, as well as... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
To summarize and analyze critically the scientific evidence focused on the effectiveness of the use of hydrophilic contact lenses (HCLs) in myopia control, as well as their impact on visual quality and the involvement on the accommodative and binocular function.
METHODS
This systematic review was developed selecting all original studies which evaluated HCLs for myopia control with follow-up of at least 1 year. Eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were retrieved from PubMed MEDLINE and Scopus. Methodological quality of the studies was assessed using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) for RCTs.
RESULTS
The search provided a total of 276 articles, selecting 13 according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The majority of studies evaluating the effectiveness of HCL showed a good efficacy in myopia progression, providing a good quality of vision. The quality of these studies was found to be suitable according to the CASP tool. The accommodative and binocular function with these lenses was evaluated in few studies, reporting a trend to an increase in the accommodative response and exophoria in near vision, while maintaining good level of stereopsis. Aberrometry and pupillometry were only studied in one trial, in which the authors did not find changes in these variables after the use of a myopia control HCL.
CONCLUSIONS
There is a strong evidence about the effectiveness of different HCLs designs for slowing down myopia progression in children, providing all of them good levels of visual quality. However, there is still poor evidence about changes in accommodation and binocular function, as well as in pupil size and aberrometry with myopia control HCLs, being necessary more studies focused on this issue.
Topics: Child; Humans; Myopia; Contact Lenses, Hydrophilic; Depth Perception; Accommodation, Ocular; Exotropia; Refraction, Ocular
PubMed: 37853677
DOI: 10.1080/08820538.2023.2271063 -
Annual Review of Vision Science Sep 2023The visual system must reconstruct the dynamic, three-dimensional (3D) world from ambiguous two-dimensional (2D) retinal images. In this review, we synthesize current... (Review)
Review
The visual system must reconstruct the dynamic, three-dimensional (3D) world from ambiguous two-dimensional (2D) retinal images. In this review, we synthesize current literature on how the visual system of nonhuman primates performs this transformation through multiple channels within the classically defined dorsal (where) and ventral (what) pathways. Each of these channels is specialized for processing different 3D features (e.g., the shape, orientation, or motion of objects, or the larger scene structure). Despite the common goal of 3D reconstruction, neurocomputational differences between the channels impose distinct information-limiting constraints on perception. Convergent evidence further points to the little-studied area V3A as a potential branchpoint from which multiple 3D-fugal processing channels diverge. We speculate that the expansion of V3A in humans may have supported the emergence of advanced 3D spatial reasoning skills. Lastly, we discuss future directions for exploring 3D information transmission across brain areas and experimental approaches that can further advance the understanding of 3D vision.
Topics: Humans; Animals; Depth Perception; Brain; Primates
PubMed: 36944312
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-vision-111022-123857 -
Ophthalmology and Therapy Jan 2024Presbyopia-correcting intraocular lens (PCIOL) implantation is a popular treatment option for cataract surgery patients who desire spectacle independence. This study...
INTRODUCTION
Presbyopia-correcting intraocular lens (PCIOL) implantation is a popular treatment option for cataract surgery patients who desire spectacle independence. This study aimed to understand patient perception and outcomes with PCIOLs by analyzing patient social media posts.
METHODS
This was a non-interventional retrospective study that used predefined search strings to identify publicly available social media data discussing patient perceptions and outcomes with seven PCIOLs (three trifocal, one multifocal with continuous range of vision, and three extended depth-of-focus [EDOF] PCIOLs). Relevant posts were searched from Reddit, YouTube, and Facebook and patient forums Patient.info, Medicine.net, Optiker-Forum, and Medizin Forum from September 2020 to October 2022 in four languages (English, German, French, and Spanish).
RESULTS
A total of 2237 posts were included, all in English, with 68% of posts identified on Patient.info. The themes most discussed by patients were quality of vision (69% of total posts), patient experience after PCIOL implantation (30%), patient perception before PCIOL implantation (26%), and visual disturbances (24%). Most discussed PCIOLs were Vivity® (58% of total posts), PanOptix® (38%), Synergy® (26%), and Symfony® (13%). Patient perception of PCIOLs was most frequently influenced by healthcare professionals, online reading, and online videos (31%, 18%, and 15% of posts, respectively). A total of 215 posts (10% of total) discussed glasses use after PCIOL surgery: for EDOF and trifocal/multifocal PCIOLs, 37% and 56% of posts discussing glasses use stated being glasses free, respectively. A total of 537 posts discussed visual disturbances: halos/rings (66%) and starbursts (36%) were the most discussed visual disturbances for all lens types. Being glasses free after PCIOL implantation appeared to be a key driver of patient satisfaction.
CONCLUSION
Social media provides a rich source of information on patient perception, experience, and overall satisfaction of PCIOLs that can be used to complement and guide the collection of further evidence generated through controlled trials.
PubMed: 37948016
DOI: 10.1007/s40123-023-00840-8 -
Frontiers in Public Health 2023Medical insurance information disclosure is not only a direct way for the public to understand and master social insurance information and resource use benefits, but...
INTRODUCTION
Medical insurance information disclosure is not only a direct way for the public to understand and master social insurance information and resource use benefits, but also an important way for the public to participate in medical service governance and supervision. Some studies have shown that information disclosure can significantly reduce the risk perception of user groups, strengthen their trust and reduce the negative impact of information asymmetry.
METHODS
Based on risk perception and trust perception theories, this paper focuses on the mechanisms influencing patients' attitudes in the process of implementing a Diagnosis Related Groups payment system. Using medical insurance information disclosure from a governance perspective as the research object, the impact of medical insurance information disclosure on patients' willingness to adopt the Diagnosis Related Groups payment system was analyzed by means of a questionnaire survey, Data analysis and hypothesis testing SPSS while the mechanism of the impact of medical insurance information disclosure on patients' attitudes was explored in depth.
RESULTS
It was found that medical insurance information disclosure had a significant positive effect on patients' trust perceptions and a significant negative effect on patients' risk perceptions. The more comprehensive information patients received, the stronger their trust and the lower their perceived risk.
DISCUSSION
This paper conducts an empirical study from patients' perspective, broadens the scope of research on medical insurance Diagnosis related groups, enriches the application of risk perception and trust perception theories in the medical field, and provides management suggestions for medical institutions in the management of medical insurance information disclosure.
Topics: Humans; Disclosure; Data Analysis; Diagnosis-Related Groups; Patients; Insurance
PubMed: 37670832
DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1136178 -
Omega Nov 2023Nurses' perceptions of resuscitated patients may affect their care, and this has not been investigated in previous literature. The aim of this study was to explore...
Nurses' perceptions of resuscitated patients may affect their care, and this has not been investigated in previous literature. The aim of this study was to explore nurses' perceptions towards resuscitated patients. In this descriptive-qualitative study seventeen clinical nurses participated using purposive sampling. In-depth, semi-structured interviews were conducted and data were analyzed by conventional content analysis. Four main categories emerged: Injured, undervalued, problematic, and destroyer of resources. Participants considered resuscitated patients to have multiple physical injuries, which are an important source of legal problems and workplace violence, and they believed that these patients will eventually die. Resuscitated patients are considered forgotten and educational cases. Iranian nurses have a strong negative perception towards resuscitated patients. Improving the quality of cardiopulmonary resuscitation, improving the knowledge and skills of personnel in performing resuscitation, and supporting managers and doctors to nurses in the post-resuscitation period can change the attitude of nurses and improve post-resuscitation care.
PubMed: 37933524
DOI: 10.1177/00302228231212650 -
Minimally Invasive Therapy & Allied... Aug 2023This study compares five augmented reality (AR) vasculature visualization techniques in a mixed-reality laparoscopy simulator with 50 medical professionals and analyzes...
This study compares five augmented reality (AR) vasculature visualization techniques in a mixed-reality laparoscopy simulator with 50 medical professionals and analyzes their impact on the surgeon. The different visualization techniques' abilities to convey depth were measured using the participant's accuracy in an objective depth sorting task. Demographic data and subjective measures, such as the preference of each AR visualization technique and potential application areas, were collected with questionnaires. Despite measuring differences in objective measurements across the visualization techniques, they were not statistically significant. In the subjective measures, however, 55% of the participants rated visualization technique II, 'Opaque with single-color Fresnel highlights', as their favorite. Participants felt that AR could be useful for various surgeries, especially complex surgeries (100%). Almost all participants agreed that AR could potentially improve surgical parameters, such as patient safety (88%), complication rate (84%), and identifying risk structures (96%). More studies are needed on the effect of different visualizations on task performance, as well as more sophisticated and effective visualization techniques for the operating room. With the findings of this study, we encourage the development of new study setups to advance surgical AR.
Topics: Humans; Augmented Reality; Laparoscopy; Surgeons; Surgery, Computer-Assisted
PubMed: 37293947
DOI: 10.1080/13645706.2023.2219739 -
Acupuncture in Medicine : Journal of... Aug 2023The objective of the study was to investigate and compare the effects of manual acupuncture (MA) and electroacupuncture (EA) on current perception thresholds (CPTs)...
OBJECTIVE
The objective of the study was to investigate and compare the effects of manual acupuncture (MA) and electroacupuncture (EA) on current perception thresholds (CPTs) using quantitative methods.
METHODS
Twenty-nine healthy volunteers participated in this prospective crossover trial, in which three acupuncture methods were compared: control, MA, and EA. Acupuncture needles were inserted to a depth of 15 mm at LI4 and LI11 on the left side and retained for 30 min with or without electrical stimulation at a frequency of 2 Hz (EA and MA, respectively). The needles were removed and participants rested for 30 min. CPT in the left mental region was measured at 2000, 250, and 5 Hz, corresponding to the activation of Aβ, Aδ, and C-fibers, respectively, at four time points: baseline, T; 15 min after needle application, T; immediately after needle removal, T; and 30 min after needle removal, T. In the control session, only a sensory test was performed (without acupuncture).
RESULTS
Significant effects of time course on CPT were observed ( < 0.001). CPT values increased significantly at T, T, and T, compared with those at T, at all stimulation frequencies during MA and EA. Changes in CPT values with EA were not significantly greater than those with MA.
CONCLUSIONS
Both MA and EA increased the sensory thresholds of Aβ, Aδ, and C-fibers in the mental region for ⩾30 min after needle removal. Additional of electrical stimulation may not confer additional benefits over needling alone.
TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER
UMIN000017983 (University Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trials Registry).
Topics: Humans; Electroacupuncture; Cross-Over Studies; Prospective Studies; Acupuncture Points; Acupuncture Therapy; Perception
PubMed: 36655623
DOI: 10.1177/09645284221131339 -
Journal of Education and Health... 2023Congenital talipes equinovarus (CTEV) is a congenital musculoskeletal deformity, which further leads to abnormal alignment of the feet in children. The aim of the...
BACKGROUND
Congenital talipes equinovarus (CTEV) is a congenital musculoskeletal deformity, which further leads to abnormal alignment of the feet in children. The aim of the present study is to assess perception and practice and explore lived experiences on the use of corrective braces among parents of children diagnosed with clubfoot.
MATERIAL AND METHODOLOGY
A mixed method study approach with convergent parallel research design was used on 100 parents of children with clubfoot. For the quantitative strand, a total enumerative sampling technique was used to collect the data using self-structured tools-a 5-point Likert scale on perception and a checklist on practice at the clubfoot clinic of a selected tertiary care hospital, Rishikesh. For the qualitative strand, a purposive sampling technique was used to conduct the in-depth interview until data saturation from 17 participants using a semi-structured questionnaire. Analysis was done using the SPSS 23.0 software, descriptive statistics with the use of frequency %, whereas for correlation, Pearson's correlation coefficient was used.
RESULTS
The mean age of participants was 31 years with a mean score of 30.54 ± 4.97. Among parents, 93% showed positive perception with a mean score of 67.16 ± 6.23 and 64% followed appropriate practice with a mean score of 12.44 ± 1.45. Coefficient correlation showed a statistically weak positive correlation between perception and practice ( < 0.001). The lived experiences of parents were reflected under six main themes, i.e., "personal experiences with wearing braces for correction," "encounters and barriers," "effects on one's social and personal life," "perceived answers," "any other previous practice," and "awareness about clubfoot."
CONCLUSION
Present study concluded that parents had a positive perception and appropriate practice on the use of corrective braces, but there were a few issues such as relapse due to non-adherence, financial burden, and traveling distance, and noticeably more, which need to be addressed. Parental information is a very essential component that should be addressed by all treating physicians and nursing officers before starting treatment for clubfoot.
PubMed: 37849865
DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_1584_22 -
Journal of Personality and Social... Sep 2023Research on achievement goals is voluminous but focused primarily on intrapersonal regulation. In the present article, we emphasize the integral role that achievement...
Research on achievement goals is voluminous but focused primarily on intrapersonal regulation. In the present article, we emphasize the integral role that achievement goals also play in the broader process of interpersonal judgment. We establish a new interpersonal approach to achievement goals that integrates the extensive achievement goal literature with the well-established social relations model (SRM). We introduce and formally define the interpersonal concept of , present a formal methodological approach to studying this novel concept using a Bayesian implementation of the multivariate SRM (MSRM), and put the proposed integrative approach to the test with an in-depth empirical study that directly addresses fundamental questions of achievement goal perception. In this empirical study, we measured four types of achievement goal perceptions-mastery-approach (MAP), mastery-avoidance (MAV), performance-approach (PAP), performance-avoidance (PAV)-across 1,809 student-classmate dyads from 42 small discussion-based undergraduate classes. Results indicated a predominantly perceiver-driven process consisting of self-other agreement for MAP, MAV, and PAV goals but not PAP goals, assumed similarity for each achievement goal, and greater assumed similarity among closer classmates. Achievement goal perception provided incremental predictive utility for two gold-standard educational outcomes-academic performance and intrinsic motivation-among both perceivers and targets, and four additional educationally relevant constructs-perceived class value, perceived effort investment, perceived competence, and peer help-seeking-among perceivers. Having laid the theoretical, methodological, and empirical foundations, we discuss this new interpersonal approach to achievement goals alongside contemporary research on achievement motivation and interpersonal judgment. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
Topics: Humans; Motivation; Goals; Bayes Theorem; Achievement; Perception
PubMed: 36931826
DOI: 10.1037/pspp0000462