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Archives of Dermatological Research Aug 2023Pityrosporum folliculitis (PF) is a fungal acneiform disease of the hair follicles that often presents with pruritic papules and pustules on the upper body and face This... (Review)
Review
Pityrosporum folliculitis (PF) is a fungal acneiform disease of the hair follicles that often presents with pruritic papules and pustules on the upper body and face This condition is commonly mistaken for acne vulgaris and can be distinguished from bacterial acne by the presence of fungal spores in the follicular lumen Although studies have been performed to describe PF in cohorts, little work has been done to aggregate these data. Thus, the goal of this review is to describe the clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of PF in immunocompetent patients. PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase were searched using the terms "Pityrosporum folliculitis" or "Malassezia folliculitis." All cohorts reporting PF characteristics in patients classified as immunocompetent were reviewed. A total of 15 studies were included. Majority of patients were male (64%) with the average age of presentation of 24.26 years. The most common locations of lesions were the chest (70%) and back/shoulders (69.2%). Pruritus was reported by the majority of patients (71.7%). Additionally, 40.5% of patients reported a history of unsuccessful treatment regimens. Treatment was most successful with an oral antifungal (92%), followed by a topical antifungal (81.6%). In conclusion, majority of patients with PF were younger males. Many patients were primarily treated incorrectly, suggesting the importance of proper diagnosis. PF may be distinguishable from acne vulgaris by the presence of pruritus or suggested when a new acneiform eruption develops following antibiotic therapy or immunosuppression. When properly diagnosed, majority of cases of PF achieve complete response with oral or topical antifungals.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Young Adult; Adult; Antifungal Agents; Malassezia; Dermatomycoses; Folliculitis; Acne Vulgaris; Pruritus; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 36517586
DOI: 10.1007/s00403-022-02506-0 -
Emerging Infectious Diseases Feb 2024Invasive fusariosis can be life-threatening, especially in immunocompromised patients who require intensive care unit (ICU) admission. We conducted a multicenter... (Review)
Review
Invasive fusariosis can be life-threatening, especially in immunocompromised patients who require intensive care unit (ICU) admission. We conducted a multicenter retrospective study to describe clinical and biologic characteristics, patient outcomes, and factors associated with death and response to antifungal therapy. We identified 55 patients with invasive fusariosis from 16 ICUs in France during 2002----2020. The mortality rate was high (56%). Fusariosis-related pneumonia occurred in 76% of patients, often leading to acute respiratory failure. Factors associated with death included elevated sequential organ failure assessment score at ICU admission or history of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation or hematologic malignancies. Neither voriconazole treatment nor disseminated fusariosis were strongly associated with response to therapy. Invasive fusariosis can lead to multiorgan failure and is associated with high mortality rates in ICUs. Clinicians should closely monitor ICU patients with a history of hematologic malignancies or stem cell transplantation because of higher risk for death.
Topics: Humans; Fusariosis; Retrospective Studies; Intensive Care Units; France; Hematologic Neoplasms; Multicenter Studies as Topic
PubMed: 38270146
DOI: 10.3201/eid3002.231221 -
PLoS Pathogens Jun 2024
Review
Topics: Humans; Dermatomycoses; Arthrodermataceae; Antifungal Agents
PubMed: 38870096
DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1012258 -
International Journal of Dermatology Mar 2024Dermatomycosis or superficial mycosis is considered one of the chronic fungal infections and a global challenge for the public health system. The severity of... (Review)
Review
Dermatomycosis or superficial mycosis is considered one of the chronic fungal infections and a global challenge for the public health system. The severity of dermatomycosis is proportionately increasing with the emerging population of immunocompromised individuals, and it is becoming more prevalent, even life-threatening, in several tropical countries. In this context, improper long-term treatment with synthetic antifungal drugs and their related side effects imposes additional challenges in treating dermatomycosis. Thus, the present scenario highlights the need for a novel and accurate treatment with minimal or no side effects. The multifaceted therapeutic properties of various natural products have garnered the interest of scientific communities in recent years. Generally, plant-based products have low toxicity levels and offer diverse formulations and unique biomolecules for clinical applicability against dermatomycosis. Thus, this study presents an overview of the pathogenesis and different treatment strategies for dermatomycosis. In addition, we highlight the implementation of natural products of plant origin for treating dermatomycosis infections and reducing adverse events. Further, their mode of action and role in the development of pharmaceutical drugs are discussed.
PubMed: 38511567
DOI: 10.1111/ijd.17081 -
Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi =... Dec 2023Tinea capitis is a superficial fungal infection of the scalp and hair caused by Dermatophytes. It represents the most prevalent superficial fungal infection among...
Tinea capitis is a superficial fungal infection of the scalp and hair caused by Dermatophytes. It represents the most prevalent superficial fungal infection among preadolescent children worldwide, including in developing countries such as China. The highly contagious nature of tinea capitis can result in outbreaks within communal settings for children. Furthermore, pustular lesions associated with this condition can lead to permanent scarring and hair loss, imposing a significant psychological burden on affected children and their parents. This article aims to provide a comprehensive literature review encompassing the susceptible person, epidemiological characteristics, trends, etiology, modes of transmission, clinical manifestations, treatment, and prevention strategies of tinea capitis. The ultimate objective is to raise awareness, implement effective prevention and control measures, interrupt the transmission cycle, and ultimately reduce the incidence of tinea capitis in the pediatric population.
Topics: Child; Humans; Antifungal Agents; China; Incidence; Tinea Capitis
PubMed: 38129158
DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20230613-00373 -
Journal of Cutaneous Medicine and... Nov 2023
Topics: Humans; Tinea Pedis; Lymphangitis; Antifungal Agents; Risk Factors
PubMed: 37787576
DOI: 10.1177/12034754231194012 -
Mycopathologia Oct 2023
Topics: Humans; Tinea cruris; Antifungal Agents; Tinea; Basidiomycota
PubMed: 37751124
DOI: 10.1007/s11046-023-00778-2 -
Mycopathologia Aug 2023
Topics: Humans; Sporotrichosis; Rhytidoplasty; Retrospective Studies; Endoscopy
PubMed: 37284913
DOI: 10.1007/s11046-023-00753-x -
Actas Dermo-sifiliograficas 2023
Topics: Humans; Lymphoma, Extranodal NK-T-Cell; Killer Cells, Natural; Tinea
PubMed: 36273554
DOI: 10.1016/j.ad.2022.02.033 -
Mycoses Dec 2023Onychomycosis is the most common nail pathology, involving various pathogens such as dermatophytes, moulds and yeasts.
BACKGROUND
Onychomycosis is the most common nail pathology, involving various pathogens such as dermatophytes, moulds and yeasts.
OBJECTIVE
The objective of this study was to observe the prevalence of onychomycosis, analyse the most appropriate diagnostic test, and assess the distribution of pathogens based on age, sex, quarter of the year, duration of symptoms and previous treatment.
METHODS
Retrospectively, mycological culture and PCR data and results were collected from 121 patients.
RESULTS
Of the 121 samples, 57% (69/121) tested positive when both microbiological study techniques were combined. The prevalence of onychomycosis was higher when PCR was performed (52.1%) compared to microbiological culture (33.1%). Among the 81 samples negative by microbiological culture, 31 were positive by PCR. Similarly, of the 58 samples negative by PCR, eight were positive by microbiological culture. Diagnostic accuracy data (with 95% confidence intervals) for PCR, using microbiological culture as the gold standard, were as follows: sensitivity of 0.8, specificity of 0.62, positive predictive value of 0.51 and negative predictive value of 0.86. The most frequently identified pathogen was Trichophyton rubrum, and the hallux nail plate was the most commonly affected location. However, no statistically significant associations were found between sex, age, quarter of the year and affected area with culture and PCR results.
CONCLUSION
Combining microbiological culture and PCR can increase the detection rate of onychomycosis and help avoid false-negative results.
Topics: Humans; Onychomycosis; Retrospective Studies; Sensitivity and Specificity; DNA, Fungal; Polymerase Chain Reaction
PubMed: 37574461
DOI: 10.1111/myc.13648