-
Allergy Jul 2023Epidemiological studies demonstrated that cleaning work and frequent use of cleaning products are risk factors for asthma. Laundry detergents have been reported to have...
INTRODUCTION
Epidemiological studies demonstrated that cleaning work and frequent use of cleaning products are risk factors for asthma. Laundry detergents have been reported to have epithelial barrier-opening effects. However, whether laundry detergents directly induce airway inflammation and its mechanisms in vivo remain to be elucidated.
METHODS
Two commercial laundry detergents and two commonly used surfactants for cleaning and cosmetics (sodium lauryl sulfate and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate) were intranasally administered to mice. Lungs were analyzed using flow cytometry, histology, ELISA, and quantitative PCR. Human bronchial epithelial cells were stimulated with laundry detergents and analyzed using quantitative PCR and western blotting. Involvement of oxidative stress was assessed using an antioxidant. Dust samples from homes were analyzed to determine their detergent content by measuring their critical micelle concentration (CMC).
RESULTS
The administered laundry detergents and surfactants-induced eosinophilic airway inflammation accompanied by increased IL-33 expression and activation of group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s). Detergent-induced eosinophilic airway inflammation was significantly attenuated in Rag2 Il2rg , Il33 mice, and also in wild-type mice treated with NAC. Detergent-induced IL-33 expression in airways was attenuated by NAC treatment, both in vivo and in vitro. CMCs were found in all of the tested dust extracts, and they differed significantly among the homes.
CONCLUSION
The laundry detergents and surfactants-induced eosinophilic airway inflammation in vivo through epithelial cell and ILC2 activation. They induced IL-33 expression in airway epithelial cells through oxidative stress. Furthermore, detergent residues were present in house dust and are presumably inhaled into the airway in daily life.
Topics: Humans; Mice; Animals; Immunity, Innate; Detergents; Surface-Active Agents; Lymphocytes; Interleukin-33; Dust; Inflammation
PubMed: 37163231
DOI: 10.1111/all.15762 -
Clinical and Translational Medicine Oct 2023To reveal whether gut microbiota and their metabolites are correlated with oocyte quality decline caused by circadian rhythm disruption, and to search possible...
OBJECTIVE
To reveal whether gut microbiota and their metabolites are correlated with oocyte quality decline caused by circadian rhythm disruption, and to search possible approaches for improving oocyte quality.
DESIGN
A mouse model exposed to continuous light was established. The oocyte quality, embryonic development, microbial metabolites and gut microbiota were analyzed. Intragastric administration of microbial metabolites was conducted to confirm the relationship between gut microbiota and oocyte quality and embryonic development.
RESULTS
Firstly, we found that oocyte quality and embryonic development decreased in mice exposed to continuous light. Through metabolomics profiling and 16S rDNA-seq, we found that the intestinal absorption capacity of vitamin D was decreased due to significant decrease of bile acids such as lithocholic acid (LCA), which was significantly associated with increased abundance of Turicibacter. Subsequently, the concentrations of anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) hormone in blood and melatonin in follicular fluid were reduced, which is the main reason for the decline of oocyte quality and early embryonic development, and this was rescued by injection of vitamin D3 (VD3). Secondly, melatonin rescued oocyte quality and embryonic development by increasing the concentration of lithocholic acid and reducing the concentration of oxidative stress metabolites in the intestine. Thirdly, we found six metabolites that could rescue oocyte quality and early embryonic development, among which LCA of 30 mg/kg and NorDCA of 15 mg/kg had the best rescue effect.
CONCLUSION
These findings confirm the link between ovarian function and gut microbiota regulation by microbial metabolites and have potential value for improving ovary function.
Topics: Pregnancy; Female; Mice; Animals; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Vitamin D; Bile Acids and Salts; Melatonin; Oocytes; Embryonic Development; Lithocholic Acid
PubMed: 37846137
DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1236 -
Molecular & Cellular Proteomics : MCP Aug 2023Protein aggregation of amyloid-β peptides and tau are pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD), which are often resistant to detergent extraction and thus... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Protein aggregation of amyloid-β peptides and tau are pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD), which are often resistant to detergent extraction and thus enriched in the insoluble proteome. However, additional proteins that coaccumulate in the detergent-insoluble AD brain proteome remain understudied. Here, we comprehensively characterized key proteins and pathways in the detergent-insoluble proteome from human AD brain samples using differential extraction, tandem mass tag (TMT) labeling, and two-dimensional LC-tandem mass spectrometry. To improve quantification accuracy of the TMT method, we developed a complement TMT-based strategy to correct for ratio compression. Through the meta-analysis of two independent detergent-insoluble AD proteome datasets (8914 and 8917 proteins), we identified 190 differentially expressed proteins in AD compared with control brains, highlighting the pathways of amyloid cascade, RNA splicing, endocytosis/exocytosis, protein degradation, and synaptic activity. To differentiate the truly detergent-insoluble proteins from copurified background during protein extraction, we analyzed the fold of enrichment for each protein by comparing the detergent-insoluble proteome with the whole proteome from the same AD samples. Among the 190 differentially expressed proteins, 84 (51%) proteins of the upregulated proteins (n = 165) were enriched in the insoluble proteome, whereas all downregulated proteins (n = 25) were not enriched, indicating that they were copurified components. The vast majority of these enriched 84 proteins harbor low-complexity regions in their sequences, including amyloid-β, Tau, TARDBP/TAR DNA-binding protein 43, SNRNP70/U1-70K, MDK, PTN, NTN1, NTN3, and SMOC1. Moreover, many of the enriched proteins in AD were validated in the detergent-insoluble proteome by five steps of differential extraction, proteomic analysis, or immunoblotting. Our study reveals a resource list of proteins and pathways that are exclusively present in the detergent-insoluble proteome, providing novel molecular insights to the formation of protein pathology in AD.
Topics: Humans; Alzheimer Disease; Proteome; Detergents; Proteomics; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Brain; Ribonucleoprotein, U1 Small Nuclear
PubMed: 37356496
DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2023.100608 -
American Journal of Infection Control Nov 2023Skin antiseptics are used for several purposes before surgical procedures, for bathing high-risk patients as a means of reducing central line-associated infections and...
BACKGROUND
Skin antiseptics are used for several purposes before surgical procedures, for bathing high-risk patients as a means of reducing central line-associated infections and other health care associated infections.
METHODS
A PubMed search was performed to update the evidence on skin antiseptic products and practices.
RESULTS
Current guidelines for prevention of surgical site infections (SSIs) recommend preoperative baths or showers with a plain or antimicrobial soap prior to surgery, but do not make recommendations on the timing of baths, the total number of baths needed, or about the use of chlorhexidine gluconate (CGH)-impregnated cloths. Randomized controlled trials have demonstrated that pre-operative surgical hand antisepsis using an antimicrobial soap or alcohol-based hand rub yields similar SSI rates. Other studies have reported that using an alcohol-based hand rub caused less skin irritation, was easier to use, and required shorter scrub times than using antimicrobial soap. Current SSI prevention guidelines recommend using an alcohol-containing antiseptic for surgical site infection. Commonly used products contain isopropanol combined with either CHG or with povidone-iodine. Surgical site preparation protocols for shoulder surgery in men may need to include coverage for anaerobes. Several studies suggest the need to monitor and improve surgical site preparation techniques. Daily bathing of intensive care unit (ICU) patients with a CHG-containing soap reduces the incidence of central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs). Evidence for a similar effect in non-ICU patients is mixed. Despite widespread CHG bathing of ICU patients, numerous barriers to its effective implementation exist. Measuring CHG levels on the skin is useful for identifying gaps in coverage and suboptimal skin concentrations. Using alcohol-based products with at least 2% CHG for skin preparation prior to central line insertion reduces CLABSIs.
CONCLUSIONS
Progress has been made on skin antisepsis products and protocols, but improvements in technique are still needed.
Topics: Male; Humans; Soaps; Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Chlorhexidine; Povidone-Iodine; Antisepsis; Anti-Infective Agents; Surgical Wound Infection; Ethanol; Skin; Preoperative Care; 2-Propanol
PubMed: 37890954
DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2023.02.002 -
Current Allergy and Asthma Reports Aug 2023The prevalence and incidence of allergic disease have been rising in Westernized countries since the twentieth century. Increasingly, evidence suggests that damage to... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
The prevalence and incidence of allergic disease have been rising in Westernized countries since the twentieth century. Increasingly, evidence suggests that damage to the epithelium initiates and shapes innate and adaptive immune responses to external antigens. The objective of this review is to examine the role of detergents as a potential risk factor for developing allergic disease.
RECENT FINDINGS
Herein, we identify key sources of human detergent exposure. We summarize the evidence suggesting a possible role for detergents and related chemicals in initiating epithelial barrier dysfunction and allergic inflammation. We primarily focus on experimental models of atopic dermatitis, asthma, and eosinophilic esophagitis, which show compelling associations between allergic disease and detergent exposure. Mechanistic studies suggest that detergents disrupt epithelial barrier integrity through their effects on tight junction or adhesion molecules and promote inflammation through epithelial alarmin release. Environmental exposures that disrupt or damage the epithelium may account for the increasing rates of allergic disease in genetically susceptible individuals. Detergents and related chemical compounds represent possible modifiable risk factors for the development or exacerbation of atopy.
Topics: Humans; Detergents; Asthma; Dermatitis, Atopic; Inflammation; Eosinophilic Esophagitis
PubMed: 37233851
DOI: 10.1007/s11882-023-01094-x -
Facial Plastic Surgery : FPS Dec 2023Nasal septal deviation is a frequent problem treated by otolaryngologists and facial plastic surgeons. Complete correction of the septal deformity is often essential... (Review)
Review
Nasal septal deviation is a frequent problem treated by otolaryngologists and facial plastic surgeons. Complete correction of the septal deformity is often essential both for straightening a crooked nose and for restoration of the nasal airway. While standard septoplasty techniques provide excellent outcomes in most patients, severe septal deformities may require treatment with more advanced maneuvers including adjacent grafting, caudal septal replacement, and even extracorporeal septoplasty. This article reviews a range of septoplasty techniques, with an emphasis on complex septal reconstruction and approaches that can be utilized to maintain keystone stability and establish a robust midline L-strut even in cases with challenging anatomy.
Topics: Humans; Dental Implants; Nasal Septum; Rhinoplasty; Nose Deformities, Acquired; Benzalkonium Compounds; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 37532118
DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1771498 -
Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry Jul 2023Detergents enable the investigation of membrane proteins by mass spectrometry. Detergent designers aim to improve underlying methodologies and are confronted with the... (Review)
Review
Detergents enable the investigation of membrane proteins by mass spectrometry. Detergent designers aim to improve underlying methodologies and are confronted with the challenge to design detergents with optimal solution and gas-phase properties. Herein, we review literature related to the optimization of detergent chemistry and handling and identify an emerging research direction: the optimization of mass spectrometry detergents for individual applications in mass spectrometry-based membrane proteomics. We provide an overview about qualitative design aspects including their relevance for the optimization of detergents in bottom-up proteomics, top-down proteomics, native mass spectrometry, and Nativeomics. In addition to established design aspects, such as charge, concentration, degradability, detergent removal, and detergent exchange, it becomes apparent that detergent heterogeneity is a promising key driver for innovation. We anticipate that rationalizing the role of detergent structures in membrane proteomics will serve as an enabling step for the analysis of challenging biological systems.
Topics: Detergents; Proteomics; Mass Spectrometry; Membrane Proteins
PubMed: 36808272
DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04584-z -
ChemPlusChem Jan 2024Detergents are amphiphilic molecules that serve as enabling steps for today's world applications. The increasing diversity of the detergentome is key to applications... (Review)
Review
Detergents are amphiphilic molecules that serve as enabling steps for today's world applications. The increasing diversity of the detergentome is key to applications enabled by detergent science. Regardless of the application, the optimal design of detergents is determined empirically, which leads to failed preparations, and raising costs. To facilitate project planning, here we review synthesis strategies that drive the diversification of the detergentome. Synthesis strategies relevant for industrial and academic applications include linear, modular, combinatorial, bio-based, and metric-assisted detergent synthesis. Scopes and limitations of individual synthesis strategies in context with industrial product development and academic research are discussed. Furthermore, when designing detergents, the selection of molecular building blocks, i. e., head, linker, tail, is as important as the employed synthesis strategy. To facilitate the design of safe-to-use and tailor-made detergents, we provide an overview of established head, linker, and tail groups and highlight selected scopes and limitations for applications. It becomes apparent that most recent contributions to the increasing chemical diversity of detergent building blocks originate from the development of detergents for membrane protein studies. The overview of synthesis strategies and molecular blocks will bring us closer to the ability to predictably design and synthesize optimal detergents for challenging future applications.
Topics: Detergents; Membrane Proteins
PubMed: 37668309
DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202300386 -
Expert Review of Gastroenterology &... Dec 2023Bile acid diarrhea (BAD) commonly causes chronic diarrhea. Symptoms may be mistaken for disorders of gut brain interaction. Due to the lack of widely available... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Bile acid diarrhea (BAD) commonly causes chronic diarrhea. Symptoms may be mistaken for disorders of gut brain interaction. Due to the lack of widely available diagnostic tests and poor recognition of BAD, there is a delay in diagnosis leading to increased healthcare system burden and decreased patient quality of life.
AREAS COVERED
A thorough review of the literature was conducted using PubMed for articles on the biological functions of bile acids, pathophysiology and management of BAD, but focusing on diagnostic testing including SeHCAT retention, 7αC4, FGF-19, fecal bile acids, and single stool tests. This narrative review discusses available modalities focusing on noninvasive stool and serum testing that are more widely available and show good sensitivity and specificity for diagnosis of BAD. SeHCAT retention is not available in many countries. Alternative diagnostic tests include total and primary fecal bile acid (BA) excretion in 48-hour collection or a single stool sample, serum7αC4 >46 or 52.5 ng/mL, and combination of single stool and serum 7αC4 ±watery stools (Bristol Stool Form Scale 6-7).
EXPERT OPINION
Given the ease of serum and single stool sample acquisition and diagnostic advances, clinical practice should embrace positive diagnosis, rather than BAS therapeutic trial. BAD needs to be considered in diverse gastrointestinal diseases.
Topics: Humans; Bile Acids and Salts; Quality of Life; Diarrhea; Taurocholic Acid
PubMed: 38086533
DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2023.2293814 -
Microbial Pathogenesis Dec 2023Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are spherical nanoparticles released from gram-negative bacteria. OMVs were originally classified into native 'nOMVs' (produced naturally... (Review)
Review
Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are spherical nanoparticles released from gram-negative bacteria. OMVs were originally classified into native 'nOMVs' (produced naturally from budding of bacteria) and non-native (produced by mechanical means). nOMVs and detergent (dOMVs) are isolated from cell supernatant without any detergent cell disruption techniques and through detergent extraction, respectively. Growth stages and conditions e.g. different stress factors, including temperature, nutrition deficiency, and exposure to hazardous chemical agents can affect the yield of OMVs production and OMVs content. Because of the presence of bacterial antigens, pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), various proteins and the vesicle structure, OMVs have been developed in many biomedical applications. OMVs due to their size can be phagocytized by APCs, enter lymph vessels, transport antigens efficiently, and induce both T and B cells immune responses. Non-engineered OMVs have been frequently used as vaccines against different bacterial and viral infections, and various cancers. OMVs can also be used in combination with different antigens as an attractive vaccine adjuvant. Indeed, foreign antigens from target microorganisms can be trapped in the lumen of nonpathogenic vesicles or can be displayed on the surface through bacterial membrane protein to increase the immunogenicity of the antigens. In this review, different factors affecting OMV production including time of cultivation, growth media, stress conditions and genetic manipulations to enhance vesiculation will be described. Furthermore, recent advances in various biological applications of OMVs such as vaccine, drug delivery, cancer therapy, and enzyme carrier are discussed. Generally, the application of OMVs as vaccine carrier in three categories (i.e., non-engineered OMVs, OMVs as an adjuvant, recombinant OMVs (rOMVs)), as delivery system for small interfering RNA and therapeutic agents, and as enzymes carrier will be discussed.
Topics: Detergents; Bacterial Proteins; Antigens, Bacterial; Vaccines; Gram-Negative Bacteria; Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins
PubMed: 37931826
DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106440