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Journal of Computational Biology : a... Jun 2024
Topics: Humans; Gene Regulatory Networks; Embryonic Development; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; Single-Cell Analysis; Transcriptome; Blastocyst; Cell Differentiation; Computational Biology
PubMed: 38814745
DOI: 10.1089/cmb.2024.0517 -
Journal of Patient-centered Research... 2024Much has been learned about adult development in recent decades. Adults go through stages of development (emerging adulthood, young adulthood, middle adulthood,...
Much has been learned about adult development in recent decades. Adults go through stages of development (emerging adulthood, young adulthood, middle adulthood, post-retirement, and very old age) with certain challenges at each stage. Viewing patients through a developmental lens is part of providing patient-centered care. Knowing the prominent issues, stressors, and risks at each stage of development is important in understanding patients. This knowledge can help customize medical advice to patients regarding obesity, disability, sleep, substance use, relationships, and age-related declines. This paper summarizes an updated view of adult development and discusses its relevance to health risks and patient-centered care practices at different stages.
PubMed: 38596352
DOI: 10.17294/2330-0698.2050 -
Evolution & Development Jun 2024Molt-based transitions in form are a central feature of insect life that have enabled adaptation to diverse and changing environments. The endocrine regulation of these... (Review)
Review
Molt-based transitions in form are a central feature of insect life that have enabled adaptation to diverse and changing environments. The endocrine regulation of these transitions is well established, but an understanding of their genetic regulation has only recently emerged from insect models. The pupal and adult stages of metamorphosing insects are determined by the stage specifying transcription factors broad-complex (br) and Ecdysone inducible protein 93 (E93), respectively. A probable larval determinant, chronologically inappropriate metamorphosis (chinmo), has just recently been characterized. Expression of these three transcription factors in the metamorphosing insects is regulated by juvenile hormone with ecdysteroid hormones, and by mutual repression between the stage-specific transcription factors. This review explores the hypothesis that variations in the onset, duration, and tissue-specific expression of chinmo, br, and E93 underlie other polyphenisms that have arisen throughout insects, including the castes of social insects, aquatic stages of mayflies, and the neoteny of endoparasites. The mechanisms that constrain how chinmo, br, and E93 expression may vary will also constrain the ways that insect life history may evolve. I find that four types of expression changes are associated with novel insect forms: (1) heterochronic shift in the turnover of expression, (2) expansion or contraction of expression, (3) tissue-specific expression, and (4) redeployment of stage-specific expression. While there is more to be learned about chinmo, br, and E93 function in diverse insect taxa, the studies outlined here show that insect stages are modular units in developmental time and a substrate for evolutionary forces to act upon.
PubMed: 38867484
DOI: 10.1111/ede.12485 -
Toxicology Letters Sep 2023Acetaminophen is a common analgesic and fever reduction medicine for pregnant women. Epidemiological studies suggest that prenatal acetaminophen exposure (PAcE) affects...
Acetaminophen is a common analgesic and fever reduction medicine for pregnant women. Epidemiological studies suggest that prenatal acetaminophen exposure (PAcE) affects offspring health and development. However, the effects of PAcE on fetal long bone development and its potential mechanisms have not been elucidated. Based on clinical dosing characteristics, fetal mouse femurs were obtained for detection after oral gavage of acetaminophen at different doses (0, 100 or 400 mg/kg d), courses (single or multiple times) or stages (mid- or late pregnancy) during pregnancy in Kunming mice. The results showed that compared with the control group, PAcE reduced the length of total femur and the primary ossification center (POC), delayed the mineralization of POC and the ossification of epiphyseal region, and down-regulated the mRNA expression of osteogenic function markers (such as Runx2, Bsp, Ocn , Col1a1) in fetal femur, particularly in the high dose, multiple courses, and mid-pregnancy group. Meanwhile, the osteoclast and angiogenic function were also inhibited by PAcE at high dose, multiple courses, and mid-pregnancy, but the inhibition level was less than osteogenic function. Moreover, the alteration of canonical Wnt signalling pathway in PAcE fetal bone were consistent with its osteogenesis function changes. In conclusion, PAcE caused development toxicity and multi-cellular function inhibition in fetal long bone, particularly in the high dose, multiple treatments and mid-pregnancy group, and the alteration of canonical Wnt signalling pathway may be its potential mechanism.
Topics: Humans; Mice; Pregnancy; Female; Animals; Acetaminophen; Fetal Development; Osteogenesis; Bone and Bones; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects
PubMed: 37741353
DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2023.09.007 -
Results and Problems in Cell... 2024All somatic cells develop from the epiblast, which occupies the upper layer of two-layered embryos and in most mammals is formed after the implantation stage but before...
All somatic cells develop from the epiblast, which occupies the upper layer of two-layered embryos and in most mammals is formed after the implantation stage but before gastrulation initiates. Once the epiblast is established, the epiblast cells begin to develop into various somatic cells via large-scale cell reorganization, namely, gastrulation. Different pluripotent stem cell lines representing distinct stages of embryogenesis have been established: mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs), human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), and mouse epiblast stem cells (EpiSCs), which represent the preimplantation stage inner cell mass, an early post-implantation stage epiblast, and a later-stage epiblast, respectively. Together, these cell lines provide excellent in vitro models of cell regulation before somatic cells develop. This chapter addresses these early developmental stages.
Topics: Animals; Mice; Humans; Embryonic Stem Cells; Cell Differentiation; Pluripotent Stem Cells; Germ Layers; Cell Line; Mammals
PubMed: 38509249
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-39027-2_1 -
International Journal of Environmental... Sep 2023Early identification of developmental delay or disability and access to early intervention improves outcomes for children with disabilities and their families. However,...
Early identification of developmental delay or disability and access to early intervention improves outcomes for children with disabilities and their families. However, in many low- and middle-income countries, services and systems to enable timely, co-ordinated care and support are lacking. The aim of this research was to explore the experiences of families of children with developmental disabilities in Fiji in accessing services for intervention and support across sectors. This qualitative study involved conducting interviews with caregivers of children with disabilities 12), and relevant key stakeholders from health, education, disability, and social support sectors ( 17). We used journey maps to identify key stages of the families' journeys, identify key barriers and enablers at each stage, and provide multi-sectoral recommendations for each stage. Enablers include proactive help seeking behaviours, the use of informal support networks and an increasingly supportive policy environment. Barriers to identification include a lack of awareness of developmental disabilities and the benefits of early intervention among service providers and the community. A lack of service availability and capacity, workforce issues, family financial constraints and a lack of collaboration between sectors were barriers to intervention once needs were identified, resulting in significant unmet needs and impacting inclusion and participation for children with disabilities. Overcoming these challenges requires a multi-sectoral approach.
PubMed: 37754592
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20186732 -
Odontology Oct 2023Various growth and transcription factors are involved in tooth development and developmental abnormalities; however, the protein dynamics do not always match the mRNA...
Various growth and transcription factors are involved in tooth development and developmental abnormalities; however, the protein dynamics do not always match the mRNA expression level. Using a proteomic approach, this study comprehensively analyzed protein expression in epithelial and mesenchymal tissues of the tooth germ during development. First molar tooth germs from embryonic day 14 and 16 Crlj:CD1 (ICR) mouse embryos were collected and separated into epithelial and mesenchymal tissues by laser microdissection. Mass spectrometry of the resulting proteins was carried out, and three types of highly expressed proteins [ATP synthase subunit beta (ATP5B), receptor of activated protein C kinase 1 (RACK1), and calreticulin (CALR)] were selected for immunohistochemical analysis. The expression profiles of these proteins were subsequently evaluated during all stages of amelogenesis using the continuously growing incisors of 3-week-old male ICR mice. Interestingly, these three proteins were specifically expressed depending on the stage of amelogenesis. RACK1 was highly expressed in dental epithelial and mesenchymal tissues during the proliferation and differentiation stages of odontogenesis, except for the pigmentation stage, whereas ATP5B and CALR immunoreactivity was weak in the enamel organ during the early stages, but became intense during the maturation and pigmentation stages, although the timing of the increased protein expression was different between the two. Overall, RACK1 plays an important role in maintaining the cell proliferation and differentiation in the apical end of incisors. In contrast, ATP5B and CALR are involved in the transport of minerals and the removal of organic materials as well as matrix deposition for CALR.
Topics: Mice; Animals; Male; Proteomics; Mice, Inbred ICR; Odontogenesis; Tooth Germ; Enamel Organ; Proteins; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; Tooth
PubMed: 36792749
DOI: 10.1007/s10266-023-00790-4 -
Developmental Dynamics : An Official... Oct 2023Lesser sandeel (Ammodytes marinus) is widely distributed in North Sea ecosystems. Sandeel acts as a critical trophic link between zooplankton and top predators (fish,...
BACKGROUND
Lesser sandeel (Ammodytes marinus) is widely distributed in North Sea ecosystems. Sandeel acts as a critical trophic link between zooplankton and top predators (fish, mammals, sea birds). Because they live buried in the sand, sandeel may be directly affected by the rapid expansion of anthropogenic activities linked to their habitat on the sea bottom (e.g., hydrocarbon extraction, offshore renewable energy, and subsea mining). It is, therefore, important to understand the impact of cumulative environmental and anthropogenic stressors on this species. A detailed description of the ontogenetic timeline and developmental staging for this species is lacking limiting the possibilities for comparative developmental studies assessing, e.g., the impact of various environmental stressors.
RESULTS
A detailed description of the morphological development of lesser sandeel and their developmental trajectory, obtained through visual observations and microscopic techniques, is presented. Methods for gamete stripping and intensive culture of the early life stages are also provided.
CONCLUSION
This work provides a basis for future research to understand the effect of cumulative environmental and anthropogenic stressors on development in the early life stages of lesser sandeel.
Topics: Animals; Ecosystem; Perciformes; Fishes; Birds; Germ Cells; Mammals
PubMed: 37306183
DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.634 -
The Plant Genome Sep 2023Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated nuclease 9 (Cas9) has emerged as a powerful tool to generate targeted...
Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated nuclease 9 (Cas9) has emerged as a powerful tool to generate targeted loss-of-function mutations for functional genomic studies. As a next step, tools to generate genome modifications in a spatially and temporally precise manner will enable researchers to further dissect gene function. Here, we present two heat shock-inducible genome-editing (IGE) systems that efficiently edit target genes when the system is induced, thus allowing us to target specific developmental stages. For this conditional editing system, we chose the natural heat-inducible promoter from heat-shock protein 18.2 (HSP18.2) from Arabidopsis thaliana and the synthetic heat-inducible promoter heat shock-response element HSE-COR15A to drive the expression of Cas9. We tested these two IGE systems in Arabidopsis using cyclic or continuous heat-shock treatments at the seedling and bolting stages. A real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that the HSP18.2 IGE system exhibited higher Cas9 expression levels than the HSE-COR15A IGE system upon both cyclic and continuous treatments. By targeting brassinosteroid-insensitive 1 (BRI1) and phytoene desaturase (PDS), we demonstrate that both cyclic and continuous heat inductions successfully activated the HSP18.2 IGE system at the two developmental stages, resulting in highly efficient targeted mutagenesis and clear phenotypic outcomes. By contrast, the HSE-COR15A IGE system was only induced at the seedling stage and was less effective than the HSP18.2 IGE system in terms of mutagenesis frequencies. The presented heat shock-IGE systems can be conditionally induced to efficiently inactivate genes at any developmental stage and are uniquely suited for the dissection and systematic characterization of essential genes.
Topics: Gene Knockout Techniques; CRISPR-Cas Systems; Genome, Plant; Heat-Shock Response; Immunoglobulin E
PubMed: 37529831
DOI: 10.1002/tpg2.20376 -
The Science of the Total Environment Nov 2023Karst collapse columns (KCCs) seriously affect the mining safety of deep coal seams. This study systematically summarizes and analyzes the development of KCCs, and...
Karst collapse columns (KCCs) seriously affect the mining safety of deep coal seams. This study systematically summarizes and analyzes the development of KCCs, and classifies the different development stage to identify their development stages and evolutionary process in the Huainan coalfield. The evolution models for KCC development are given, combining with the exploration strata data from boreholes, the groundwater flow data of regional field, the hydrogeochemical data from the relative aquifers of KCC, and the hydrodynamic parameters. The results show that first types of KCCs are discovered in Liuzhuang and the Pansan mine, which is broken and disorganized, with a high degree of filling and cementation, and with the low permeability and velocity, and lower storage capacity. The KCCs in the Xieqiao and Zhangji mine have various morphologies and size differences. Their internal rocks are broken and semi-cemented, with a coefficient of permeability between 0.2 and 0.5 m/d and a specific discharge between 0.1 and 0.2 L/s•m. The KCCs are located in the cone of depression and are part of a sink area with moderate water-richness, where upper and lower aquifers have close hydraulic connections with mixed water quality. The internal core of the KCCs in the Gubei Mine is close to the center of the cone of depression which is highly broken and disorganized, with a high permeability, and a specific discharge more than 1.5 L/s•m. The intensity of runoff increases as its vertical depth also increases, especially the local areas are a higher hydraulic conductivity. Based on comprehensive hydrogeological characteristics, the KCCs development is divided into three stages: growing stage, declining stage, and dead stage. According to their characteristics of different stages, a series of evolutionary processes are established. Combining the sedimentological, karstological, and hydrogeological theories, some measures have been taken for prevention and control of mine water hazard in the various developmental stages. Hence, this research not only provides a new classified approach for KCC stages, but also an essential reference for a better understanding the mechanism of water inrush of KCCs in Northern China.
PubMed: 37506912
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165841