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Reviews in the Neurosciences Jan 2024Neuropsychiatric disorders (NPDs) are considered a potential threat to mental health. Inflammation predominantly plays a role in the pathophysiology of NPDs. Dietary... (Review)
Review
Neuropsychiatric disorders (NPDs) are considered a potential threat to mental health. Inflammation predominantly plays a role in the pathophysiology of NPDs. Dietary patterns are widely postulated to be involved in the physiological response to inflammation. This review aims to discuss the literature on how dietary inflammatory index (DII) is related to inflammation and, consequently, NPDs. After comprehensive scrutiny in different databases, the articles that investigated the relation of DII score and various NPDs and psychological circumstances were included. The association between dietary patterns and mental disorders comprising depression, anxiety, and stress proved the role of a proinflammatory diet in these conditions' exacerbation. Aging is another condition closely associated with DII. The impact of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory diet on sleep quality indicated related disorders like sleep latency and day dysfunctions among the different populations are in relation with the high DII score. The potential effects of genetic backgrounds, dietary patterns, and the gut microbiome on DII are discussed as well. To plan preventive or therapeutic interventions considering the DII, these factors, especially genetic variations, should be considered as there is a growing body of literature indicating the role of personalized medicine in different NPDs. To the best of our knowledge, there is a limited number of RCTs on this subject, so future research should evaluate the causality via RCTs and look for therapeutic interventions with an eye on personalized medicine using information about DII in NPDs.
Topics: Humans; Risk Factors; Diet; Inflammation; Anxiety; Anxiety Disorders
PubMed: 37459114
DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2023-0047 -
Journal of Equine Veterinary Science Sep 2023Sustainability is the balancing act of optimizing the use of current resources without compromising the current or future environment. Within the agriculture sector the... (Review)
Review
Sustainability is the balancing act of optimizing the use of current resources without compromising the current or future environment. Within the agriculture sector the primary focus of sustainability has been to reduce environmental pollution, specifically greenhouse gasses (GHG) emissions, nitrogen emissions, and leaching. For the equine industry the first step towards sustainability is the documentation and critique of current feeding and management practices to permit modifications to enable the industry meet social and legislative obligations. As a monogastric hindgut fermenter on a per kg bodyweight basis the horse has relatively lower GHG emissions compared to ruminants. However, there are several opportunities to further reduce the environmental impact of the equine industry. The majority of these relate to subtle changes, or consideration of, improving feed conversion, using alternative ingredients, and management of fecal material associated with intensive husbandry. To initiate the journey towards sustainability this review documents opportunities with current equine feeding and management practices to reduce the environmental impacts of the equine industry.
Topics: Horses; Animals; Environment; Diet; Feces; Body Weight
PubMed: 37406838
DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2023.104880 -
Nutrients Sep 2023This Special Issue of Nutrients, "Influence of Maternal Diet and Environmental Factors on Fetal Development", requests articles on the roles of maternal diet and...
This Special Issue of Nutrients, "Influence of Maternal Diet and Environmental Factors on Fetal Development", requests articles on the roles of maternal diet and environmental factors such as microbiota, plastics, and endocrine disruptive chemicals impact fetal development [...].
Topics: Fetal Development; Diet; Nutrients; Fetus
PubMed: 37836378
DOI: 10.3390/nu15194094 -
Journal of Human Nutrition and... Feb 2024The prevalence of obesity is rising globally and effective strategies to treat obesity are needed. Intermittent fasting, a dietary intervention for weight management,...
BACKGROUND
The prevalence of obesity is rising globally and effective strategies to treat obesity are needed. Intermittent fasting, a dietary intervention for weight management, has received growing interest from the general public, as well as healthcare professionals, as a form of lifestyle intervention.
METHODS
We executed a rapid review using PUBMED database to identify systematic reviews that examined the impact of intermittent fasting on metabolic indices, published between 2011 and 2022.
RESULTS
Intermittent fasting leads to weight loss of a similar magnitude to continuous energy restriction. Most of the evidence shows that intermittent fasting leads to greater fat loss as measured by fat mass (kg) or body fat percentage compared to an ad libitum diet, but fat loss attained during intermittent fasting is not significantly different to continuous energy restriction, although recent evidence shows intermittent fasting to be superior. There is mixed evidence for the impact of intermittent fasting on insulin resistance, fasting glucose and lipid profile. Some studies focused on populations of Muslim people, which showed that Ramadan fasting may lead to weight loss and improvement of metabolic parameters during fasting, although the effects are reversed when fasting is finished.
CONCLUSIONS
Intermittent fasting is more effective than an ad libitum dietary intake, and equally or more effective as continuous energy restriction, for weight management. However, there is inconclusive evidence on whether intermittent fasting has a clinically beneficial effect on glucose and lipid metabolism.
Topics: Humans; Intermittent Fasting; Obesity; Fasting; Weight Loss; Glucose; Caloric Restriction
PubMed: 37786321
DOI: 10.1111/jhn.13253 -
JAMA Network Open May 2024Age-standardized dementia mortality rates are on the rise. Whether long-term consumption of olive oil and diet quality are associated with dementia-related death is...
IMPORTANCE
Age-standardized dementia mortality rates are on the rise. Whether long-term consumption of olive oil and diet quality are associated with dementia-related death is unknown.
OBJECTIVE
To examine the association of olive oil intake with the subsequent risk of dementia-related death and assess the joint association with diet quality and substitution for other fats.
DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS
This prospective cohort study examined data from the Nurses' Health Study (NHS; 1990-2018) and Health Professionals Follow-Up Study (HPFS; 1990-2018). The population included women from the NHS and men from the HPFS who were free of cardiovascular disease and cancer at baseline. Data were analyzed from May 2022 to July 2023.
EXPOSURES
Olive oil intake was assessed every 4 years using a food frequency questionnaire and categorized as (1) never or less than once per month, (2) greater than 0 to less than or equal to 4.5 g/d, (3) greater than 4.5 g/d to less than or equal to 7 g/d, and (4) greater than 7 g/d. Diet quality was based on the Alternative Healthy Eating Index and Mediterranean Diet score.
MAIN OUTCOME AND MEASURE
Dementia death was ascertained from death records. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regressions were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs adjusted for confounders including genetic, sociodemographic, and lifestyle factors.
RESULTS
Of 92 383 participants, 60 582 (65.6%) were women and the mean (SD) age was 56.4 (8.0) years. During 28 years of follow-up (2 183 095 person-years), 4751 dementia-related deaths occurred. Individuals who were homozygous for the apolipoprotein ε4 (APOE ε4) allele were 5 to 9 times more likely to die with dementia. Consuming at least 7 g/d of olive oil was associated with a 28% lower risk of dementia-related death (adjusted pooled HR, 0.72 [95% CI, 0.64-0.81]) compared with never or rarely consuming olive oil (P for trend < .001); results were consistent after further adjustment for APOE ε4. No interaction by diet quality scores was found. In modeled substitution analyses, replacing 5 g/d of margarine and mayonnaise with the equivalent amount of olive oil was associated with an 8% (95% CI, 4%-12%) to 14% (95% CI, 7%-20%) lower risk of dementia mortality. Substitutions for other vegetable oils or butter were not significant.
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE
In US adults, higher olive oil intake was associated with a lower risk of dementia-related mortality, irrespective of diet quality. Beyond heart health, the findings extend the current dietary recommendations of choosing olive oil and other vegetable oils for cognitive-related health.
Topics: Humans; Olive Oil; Female; Male; Dementia; Middle Aged; Prospective Studies; Aged; Diet, Mediterranean; Risk Factors; Adult; Diet; Diet, Healthy
PubMed: 38709531
DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.10021 -
Nutrients May 2024Infertility affects 15% of the population in developed countries, and its prevalence is increasing. Fertility can be influenced by different factors. Although key... (Review)
Review
Infertility affects 15% of the population in developed countries, and its prevalence is increasing. Fertility can be influenced by different factors. Although key factors like maternal age cannot be changed, there is growing evidence that other modifiable factors, such as diet, can have an impact on fertility. Diet has become increasingly important in recent years for a number of reasons: the new trend toward a healthy lifestyle, the higher prevalence of certain digestive disorders, a lack of time that leads people to consume more prepared and processed food, and personal choice to not eat meat, among others. To meet these needs, several diets have recently become popular, such as the Mediterranean diet, known as the gold standard of health; the DASH diet, known for preventing hypertension; the Western diet, characterized by processed food; the ketogenic diet, characterized by low carbohydrate intake; and the vegetarian diet, which is the choice for people who do not eat meat or animal by-products. Diets present a unique composition characterized by the presence or absence of specific nutrients, which have also been associated with male and female fertility individually. This review assesses the impact of these diets and of macro- and micronutrients on both female and male fertility.
Topics: Humans; Female; Fertility; Diet, Mediterranean; Male; Diet, Vegetarian; Diet; Diet, Western; Dietary Approaches To Stop Hypertension; Diet, Ketogenic; Infertility; Diet, Healthy
PubMed: 38892663
DOI: 10.3390/nu16111726 -
Nutrition & Dietetics: the Journal of... Feb 2024To evaluate relationships between diet quality and cardiovascular outcomes. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
AIMS
To evaluate relationships between diet quality and cardiovascular outcomes.
METHODS
Six databases were searched for studies published between January 2007 and October 2021. Eligible studies included cohort studies that assessed the relationship between a priori diet quality and cardiovascular disease mortality and morbidity in adults. The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Checklist was used to assess the risk of bias. Study characteristics and outcomes were extracted from eligible studies using standardised processes. Data were summarised using risk ratios for cardiovascular disease incidence and mortality with difference compared for highest versus lowest diet quality synthesised in meta-analyses using a random effects model.
RESULTS
Of the 4780 studies identified, 159 studies (n = 6 272 676 adults) were included. Meta-analyses identified a significantly lower cardiovascular disease incidence (n = 42 studies, relative risk 0.83, 95% CI 0.82-0.84, p < 0.001) and mortality risk (n = 49 studies, relative risk 0.83, 95% CI 0.82-0.84, p < 0.001) among those with highest versus lowest diet quality. In sensitivity analyses of a high number of pooled studies (≥13 studies) the Mediterranean style diet patterns and adherence to the heart healthy diet guidelines were significantly associated with a risk reduction of 15% and 14% for cardiovascular disease incidence and 17% and 20% for cardiovascular disease mortality respectively (p < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
Higher diet quality is associated with lower incidence and risk of mortality for cardiovascular disease however, significant study heterogeneity was identified for these relationships.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cohort Studies; Diet, Mediterranean; Diet, Healthy
PubMed: 38129766
DOI: 10.1111/1747-0080.12860 -
Lab Animal Jun 2024
Topics: Animals; Dysbiosis; Diet; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Mice
PubMed: 38834804
DOI: 10.1038/s41684-024-01385-4 -
Nutrients Nov 2023This observational cross-sectional study was designed to explore the effects of a low-carbohydrate diet (LCD) and a low-fat diet (LFD) on... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
BACKGROUND
This observational cross-sectional study was designed to explore the effects of a low-carbohydrate diet (LCD) and a low-fat diet (LFD) on metabolic-dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD).
METHODS
This study involved 3961 adults. The associations between LCD/LFD scores and MAFLD were evaluated utilizing a multivariable logistic regression model. Additionally, a leave-one-out model was applied to assess the effect of isocaloric substitution of specific macronutrients.
RESULTS
Participants within the highest tertile of healthy LCD scores (0.63; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.45-0.89) or with a healthy LFD score (0.64; 95%CI, 0.48-0.86) faced a lower MAFLD risk. Furthermore, compared with tertile 1, individuals with unhealthy LFD scores in terile 2 or tertile 3 had 49% (95%CI, 1.17-1.90) and 77% (95%CI, 1.19-2.63) higher risk levels for MAFLD, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
Healthy LCD and healthy LFD are protective against MAFLD, while unhealthy LFD can increase the risk of MAFLD. Both the quantity and quality of macronutrients might have significant influences on MAFLD.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Diet, Fat-Restricted; Diet, Carbohydrate-Restricted; Nutrients; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; Carbohydrates
PubMed: 38004162
DOI: 10.3390/nu15224763 -
The British Journal of Nutrition Aug 2023Numerous observational studies have investigated associations between diet indices and health outcomes. Our aim was to systematically synthesise data that was previously...
Numerous observational studies have investigated associations between diet indices and health outcomes. Our aim was to systematically synthesise data that was previously summarised separately for each diet index in one umbrella review of all diet indices with sufficient evidence gained in systematic reviews and to assess the quality and strength of evidence for selected health outcomes. The MEDLINE, EMBASE and Scopus databases were systematically searched following the PRISMA guidelines through October 2021 for systematic reviews of observational studies investigating associations between adherence to diet indices and selected health outcomes (all-cause mortality, CVD incidence or mortality, type 2 diabetes mellitus incidence or mortality). Methodological quality and quality of evidence were assessed using the AMSTAR 2 and NutriGrade tools. The inclusion criteria were met by seven systematic reviews, entirely based on prospective cohort studies and reviewing five different diet indices - alternate healthy eating index (AHEI), dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH), dietary inflammatory index (DII), healthy eating index (HEI) and Mediterranean diet (MedDiet). All seven included systematic reviews showed that greater adherence to these diet indices reduces the risks of all-cause mortality, CVD incidence and mortality and type 2 diabetes mellitus incidence. Moderate meta-evidence was presented for AHEI and DASH for all outcomes, also for DII for all-cause mortality, CVD mortality and incidence, MedDiet for all-cause mortality and for HEI for CVD incidence and mortality. Our umbrella review provides further evidence for AHEI, DASH, DII and HEI diet indices to be used as predictors of selected health outcomes.
Topics: Humans; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet; Diet, Healthy; Diet, Mediterranean; Prospective Studies
PubMed: 36423897
DOI: 10.1017/S0007114522003701