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Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular... Aug 2023An analysis was conducted to explore the relationship between dietary fibre intake and stroke risk. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVE
An analysis was conducted to explore the relationship between dietary fibre intake and stroke risk.
METHODS
PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and WanFang and Weipu databases were systematically searched to obtain peer-reviewed literature on the relationship between dietary fibre and stroke risk. The search time was as of 1 April 2023. Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) was used to evaluate the quality of the included studies. The pooled hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated using Stata 16.0. The Q test and I statistics were used to evaluate the heterogeneity and sensitivity analysis to explore potential bias. Meta-regression analysis was conducted to explore the relationship between total dietary intake quality and stroke risk.
RESULTS
Sixteen high-quality studies, involving 855,671 subjects, met the inclusion criteria and were involved in the final meta-analysis. The results showed that higher total dietary fibre (HR: 0.81; 95% CI: 0.75-0.88), fruit fibre (HR: 0.88; 95% CI: 0.82-0.93), vegetable fibre (HR: 0.85; 95% CI: 0.81-0.89), soluble fibre (HR: 0.82; 95% CI: 0.72-0.93) and insoluble fibre (HR: 0.77; 95% CI: 0.66-0.89) had a positive effect on reducing the risk of stroke. However, cereal fibre (HR: 0.90; 95% CI: 0.81-1.00) was not statistically significant in reducing the risk of stroke. For different stroke types, higher total dietary fibre was associated with ischemic stroke (HR: 0.83; 95% CI: 0.79-0.88) and had a similar positive effect but was not found in haemorrhagic stroke (HR: 0.91; 95% CI: 0.80-1.03). Stroke risk decreased with increased total dietary fibre intake (β=-0.006189, P=0.001). No potential bias from the individual study was found from sensitivity analysis.
CONCLUSION
Increasing dietary fibre intake had a positive effect on reducing the risk of stroke. Different dietary fibres have various effects on stroke.
Topics: Humans; Stroke; Dietary Fiber; Hemorrhagic Stroke; Ischemic Stroke; China
PubMed: 37196565
DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2023.107144 -
Annals of Medicine Dec 2023Poor sleep quality is a common problem among hemodialysis (HD) patients. Dietary fiber is a key component of a healthy diet and is beneficial for a variety of health...
BACKGROUND
Poor sleep quality is a common problem among hemodialysis (HD) patients. Dietary fiber is a key component of a healthy diet and is beneficial for a variety of health outcomes; however, evidence of an association between dietary fiber consumption and subjective sleep quality has not been established among HD patients. Therefore, we determined the association between dietary fiber consumption and the subjective sleep quality in Chinese maintenance HD patients, taking into account fiber type and source.
METHODS
Dietary intake was assessed with a validated food frequency questionnaire in a cross-sectional study including 741 maintenance HD patients between December 2021 and January 2022. The daily intake of dietary fiber was categorized into three groups. The lowest tertile was used as the reference category. Sleep quality of patients was accurately calculated using the Pittsburgh sleep quality index standard questionnaire. Multivariable logistic regression model and restricted cubic spline analysis were performed to assess the relationship between dietary fiber consumption and poor sleep quality.
RESULTS
Compared with the lowest tertile group of dietary fiber intake, the highest tertile group had a lower prevalence of poor sleep quality. After adjustment for potential confounders, a higher intake of total dietary fiber (OR= 0.51, 95% CI: 0.31-0.85), total insoluble dietary fiber (OR =0.54, 95% CI: 0.33-0.89), and soluble dietary fiber in vegetables (OR =0.61, 95% CI: 0.40-0.93) were associated with a lower prevalence of poor sleep quality. Furthermore, significant linear trends were also observed ( < 0.05). No significant interactions were observed in subgroup analyses.
CONCLUSION
A higher intake of dietary fiber was inversely associated with the poor sleep quality. These findings support the current recommendations that dietary fiber is essential for health and well-being.Key messagesThis study was conducted because there was not prior evidence connecting sleep quality and dietary fiber consumption in hemodialysis patients.In the present study a cross-sectional design was used to assess the association between dietary fiber consumption and poor sleep quality.Intake of total dietary fiber, total insoluble dietary fiber, and soluble dietary fiber in vegetables were negatively associated with poor sleep quality among maintenance hemodialysis patients.
Topics: Humans; Cross-Sectional Studies; Sleep Quality; Renal Dialysis; Dietary Fiber; Vegetables; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders; Diet
PubMed: 36752281
DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2023.2176541 -
Nutrients Apr 2024Inflammation is an important biological response to any tissue injury. The immune system responds to any stimulus, such as irritation, damage, or infection, by releasing... (Review)
Review
Inflammation is an important biological response to any tissue injury. The immune system responds to any stimulus, such as irritation, damage, or infection, by releasing pro-inflammatory cytokines. The overproduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines can lead to several diseases, e.g., cardiovascular diseases, joint disorders, cancer, and allergies. Emerging science suggests that whole grains may lower the markers of inflammation. Whole grains are a significant source of dietary fiber and phenolic acids, which have an inverse association with the risk of inflammation. Both cereals and pseudo-cereals are rich in dietary fiber, e.g., arabinoxylan and β-glucan, and phenolic acids, e.g., hydroxycinnamic acids and hydroxybenzoic acids, which are predominantly present in the bran layer. However, the biological mechanisms underlying the widely reported association between whole grain consumption and a lower risk of disease are not fully understood. The modulatory effects of whole grains on inflammation are likely to be influenced by several mechanisms including the effect of dietary fiber and phenolic acids. While some of these effects are direct, others involve the gut microbiota, which transforms important bioactive substances into more beneficial metabolites that modulate the inflammatory signaling pathways. Therefore, the purpose of this review is twofold: first, it discusses whole grain dietary fiber and phenolic acids and highlights their potential; second, it examines the health benefits of these components and their impacts on subclinical inflammation markers, including the role of the gut microbiota. Overall, while there is promising evidence for the anti-inflammatory properties of whole grains, further research is needed to understand their effects fully.
Topics: Humans; Whole Grains; Phenols; Inflammation; Dietary Fiber; Cytokines; Hydroxybenzoates
PubMed: 38613080
DOI: 10.3390/nu16071047 -
Physiological Research Jul 2023This review is to summarize and analyze the currently available knowledge concerning the action of oat (Avena sativa L.) consumption on obesity, as well as possible... (Review)
Review
This review is to summarize and analyze the currently available knowledge concerning the action of oat (Avena sativa L.) consumption on obesity, as well as possible constituents and extra- and intracellular mediators responsible for its anti-obesity effect. The oat constituents could reduce fat storage via several mediatory mechanisms - brain centers regulating appetite, gastrointestinal functions, gut bacteria, fat synthesis and metabolism and maybe via changes in oxidative processes, steroid hormones receptors and adipose tissue vascularization. Several oat constituents (starch, fiber and beta-glucan) could have anti-obesity properties, whilst one oat constituent (starch or fiber) could affect fat storage via several mechanisms of action.
Topics: Humans; Avena; Dietary Fiber; Obesity; Adipose Tissue; Starch
PubMed: 37565419
DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934957 -
International Journal of Biological... Feb 2024Functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) are a group of chronic or recurrent gastrointestinal functional diseases, including functional dyspepsia, irritable bowel... (Review)
Review
Functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) are a group of chronic or recurrent gastrointestinal functional diseases, including functional dyspepsia, irritable bowel syndrome, and functional constipation. A lack of safe and reliable treatments for abdominal pain-related FGIDs has prompted interest in new therapies. Evidence has shown that supplementation with dietary fiber may help treat FGIDs. Dietary fibers (DFs) have been demonstrated to have regulatory effects on the gut microbiota, microbiota metabolites, and gastrointestinal movement and have important implications for preventing and treating FGIDs. However, the adverse effects of some DFs, such as fermentable oligosaccharides, on FGIDs are unclear. This review provides an overview of the DFs physiological properties and functional characteristics that influence their use in management of FGIDs, with emphasis on structural modification technology to improve their therapeutic activities. The review highlights that the use of appropriate or novel fibers is a potential therapeutic approach for FGIDs.
Topics: Humans; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Abdominal Pain; Dietary Fiber; Polysaccharides; Oligosaccharides
PubMed: 38128805
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128835 -
Advances in Nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) May 2024Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), contributes to substantial morbidity. Understanding the intricate interplay... (Review)
Review
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), contributes to substantial morbidity. Understanding the intricate interplay between dietary factors and the incidence and progression of IBD is essential for developing effective preventative and therapeutic strategies. This umbrella review comprehensively synthesizes evidence from systematic reviews and meta-analyses to evaluate these complex associations. Dietary factors associated with an increased incidence and/or progression of IBD include a high intake of red and processed meat, other processed foods, and refined sugars, together with a low intake of vegetables, fruits, and fiber. For most other food groups, the results are mixed or indicate no clear associations with IBD, CD, and UC. Some differences seem to exist between UC and CD and their risk factors, with increased intake of dietary fiber being inversely associated with CD incidence but not clearly associated with UC. Dietary fiber may contribute to maintaining the gut epithelial barrier and reduce inflammation, often through interactions with the gut microbiota. This seems to play an important role in inflammatory mechanisms in the gut and in IBD incidence and progression. Diets low in fermentable saccharides and polyols can alleviate symptom burden, but there are concerns regarding their impact on the gut microbiota and their nutritional adequacy. Mediterranean diets, vegetarian diets, and a diet low in grains, sugars, and lactose (specific carbohydrate diet) are also associated with lower incidence and/or progression of IBD. The associations of dietary patterns are mirrored by inflammatory biomarkers. IBD is typically treated pharmaceutically; however, many patients have a suboptimal response to medical treatments. The findings from this umbrella review could provide evidence for nutritional counseling and be a valuable addition to traditional treatment plans for IBD. This systematic review was registered at PROSPERO as CRD440252.
Topics: Humans; Disease Progression; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Diet; Dietary Fiber; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Crohn Disease; Colitis, Ulcerative; Risk Factors; Incidence; Diet, Mediterranean
PubMed: 38599319
DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100219 -
Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) Jul 2024According to several international, regional, and national guidelines on hypertension, lifestyle interventions are the first-line treatment to lower blood pressure (BP).... (Review)
Review
According to several international, regional, and national guidelines on hypertension, lifestyle interventions are the first-line treatment to lower blood pressure (BP). Although diet is one of the major lifestyle modifications described in hypertension guidelines, dietary fiber is not specified. Suboptimal intake of foods high in fiber, such as in Westernized diets, is a major contributing factor to mortality and morbidity of noncommunicable diseases due to higher BP and cardiovascular disease. In this review, we address this deficiency by examining and advocating for the incorporation of dietary fiber as a key lifestyle modification to manage elevated BP. We explain what dietary fiber is, review the existing literature that supports its use to lower BP and prevent cardiovascular disease, describe the mechanisms involved, propose evidence-based target levels of fiber intake, provide examples of how patients can achieve the recommended targets, and discuss outstanding questions in the field. According to the evidence reviewed here, the minimum daily dietary fiber for adults with hypertension should be >28 g/day for women and >38 g/day for men, with each extra 5 g/day estimated to reduce systolic BP by 2.8 mm Hg and diastolic BP by 2.1 mm Hg. This would support a healthy gut microbiota and the production of gut microbiota-derived metabolites called short-chain fatty acids that lower BP. Awareness about dietary fiber targets and how to achieve them will guide medical teams on better educating patients and empowering them to increase their fiber intake and, as a result, lower their BP and cardiovascular disease risk.
Topics: Humans; Blood Pressure; Cardiovascular Diseases; Dietary Fiber; Hypertension; Life Style; Male; Female; Adult
PubMed: 38586958
DOI: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.123.22575 -
Gut Microbes Dec 2023Dietary fiber plays a crucial role in maintaining gut and overall health. The objective of this study was to investigate whether different types of dietary fiber...
Dietary fiber plays a crucial role in maintaining gut and overall health. The objective of this study was to investigate whether different types of dietary fiber elicited specific changes in gut microbiota composition and the production of short-chain fatty acids. To test this, a longitudinal crossover study design was employed, in which healthy adult women consumed three distinct dietary fiber supplements: Inulin (fructo-oligosaccharide), Vitafiber (isomalto-oligosaccharide), and Fibremax (mixture of different fiber) during a one-week intervention period, followed by a 2-week washout period. A total of 15 g of soluble fiber was consumed daily for each supplement. Samples were collected before and after each intervention to analyze the composition of the gut microbiota by 16S rRNA sequencing and fecal levels of short-chain fatty acids measured using nuclear magnetic resonance. Phenotypic changes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells were studied in subsets of participants with higher SCFA levels post-intervention using spectral flow cytometry. The results revealed substantial stability and resilience of the overall gut bacterial community toward fiber-induced changes. However, each supplement had specific effects on gut bacterial alpha and beta diversity, SCFA production, and immune changes. Inulin consistently exerted the most pronounced effect across individuals and certain taxa were identified as potential indicators of SCFA production in response to inulin supplementation. This distinguishing feature was not observed for the other fiber supplements. Further large-scale studies are required to confirm these findings. Overall, our study implies that personalized dietary fiber intervention could be tailored to promote the growth of beneficial bacteria to maximize SCFA production and associated health benefits.
Topics: Adult; Female; Humans; Bacteria; Cross-Over Studies; Dietary Fiber; Fatty Acids, Volatile; Feces; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Immunity; Inulin; Leukocytes, Mononuclear; Oligosaccharides; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Longitudinal Studies
PubMed: 37942526
DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2274127 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2024The understanding of the link between the gut-bone axis is growing yearly, but the mechanisms involved are not yet clear. Our study analyzed the role of Sestrin2...
The understanding of the link between the gut-bone axis is growing yearly, but the mechanisms involved are not yet clear. Our study analyzed the role of Sestrin2 (SESN2)pathway in the gut-bone axis. We established an osteoarthritis (OA) model in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats using the anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) procedure, followed by a dietary intervention with varying levels of dietary fiber content for 8 weeks. By 16S rRNA sequencing of the gut microbiota, we found that high dietary fiber (HDF) intake could significantly increase the Bacillota-dominant gut microbiota. Meanwhile, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and histological analysis showed that intervention with HDF could reduce the degree of bone and joint lesions and inflammation. We hypothesize that HDF increased the dominant flora of Bacillota, up-regulated the expression of SESN2 in knee joint, and reduced gut permeability, thereby reducing systemic inflammatory response and the degree of bone and joint lesions. Therefore, the present study confirms that changes in gut microbiota induced by increased dietary fiber intake delayed the onset of OA by promoting up-regulation of SESN2 expression at the knee joint to maintain chondrocyte activity and reduce synovial inflammation.
Topics: Animals; Chondrocytes; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Osteoarthritis; Dietary Fiber; Rats; Disease Models, Animal; Male; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Knee Joint
PubMed: 38803575
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1401963 -
The British Journal of Nutrition Sep 2023Functional constipation is a significant health issue impacting the lives of an estimated 14 % of the global population. Non-pharmaceutical treatment advice for cases... (Review)
Review
Functional constipation is a significant health issue impacting the lives of an estimated 14 % of the global population. Non-pharmaceutical treatment advice for cases with no underlying medical conditions focuses on exercise, hydration and an increase in dietary fibre intake. An alteration in the composition of the gut microbiota is thought to play a role in constipation. Prebiotics are non-digestible food ingredients that selectively stimulate the growth of a limited number of bacteria in the colon with a benefit for host health. Various types of dietary fibre, though not all, can act as a prebiotic. Short-chain fatty acids produced by these microbes play a critical role as signalling molecules in a range of metabolic and physiological processes including laxation, although details are unclear. Prebiotics have a history of safe use in the food industry spanning several decades and are increasingly used as supplements to alleviate constipation. Most scientific research on the effects of prebiotics and gut microbiota has focussed on inflammatory bowel disease rather than functional constipation. Very few clinical studies evaluated the efficacy of prebiotics in the management of constipation and their effect on the microbiota, with highly variable designs and conflicting results. Despite this, broad health claims are made by manufacturers of prebiotic supplements. This narrative review provides an overview of the literature on the interaction of prebiotics with the gut microbiota and their potential clinical role in the alleviation of functional constipation.
Topics: Humans; Prebiotics; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Constipation; Dietary Fiber; Microbiota
PubMed: 36458339
DOI: 10.1017/S0007114522003853