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The American Journal of Clinical... Nov 2023
Topics: Pregnancy; Female; Humans; Diabetes, Gestational; Nutrition Assessment; Diet; Dietary Fiber
PubMed: 37923498
DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2023.09.012 -
The American Journal of Clinical... Feb 2024
Topics: Adult; Humans; Inulin; Fructans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dietary Fiber; Heart Disease Risk Factors
PubMed: 38309824
DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2023.12.003 -
Critical Reviews in Food Science and... 2024Insoluble dietary fiber (IDF) is a nutritional component constituting the building block of plant cell walls. Our understanding of the role of IDF in plant-based foods... (Review)
Review
Insoluble dietary fiber (IDF) is a nutritional component constituting the building block of plant cell walls. Our understanding of the role of IDF in plant-based foods has advanced dramatically in recent years. In this Review, we summarize research progress on the subtypes, structure, analysis, and extraction methods of IDF. The impact of different food processing methods on the properties of IDF is discussed. The role of gut microbiota in the health benefits of IDF is introduced. This review provides a better understanding of the chemical features and biological functions of IDF, which may promote the future application of IDF in functional food products. Further investigation of the mechanisms underlying the health benefits of IDF enables the development of effective strategies for the prevention and treatment of human diseases.
Topics: Humans; Dietary Fiber; Water; Functional Food; Gastrointestinal Microbiome
PubMed: 36004568
DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2110565 -
Journal of Food Science Aug 2023Citrus fruits were widely used in processing and production, generating a large amount of peel pomace and a low utilization rate, resulting in substantial economic...
Citrus fruits were widely used in processing and production, generating a large amount of peel pomace and a low utilization rate, resulting in substantial economic losses and environmental risks. It was important to extract compounds from citrus peel pomaces and find suitable preparation methods to improve their yield and physicochemical properties. Grapefruit peel pomace (GP) and navel orange peel pomace (OP) were used as raw materials in this study to prepare green and edible soluble dietary fiber (SDF) and insoluble dietary fiber (IDF). Analysis was done on the effects of solid-liquid ratio, cellulase hydrolysis time, cellulase dosage, and ultrasonic time on dietary fiber (DF) yield. To obtain the best DF preparation conditions, we used range analysis, variance analysis, and orthogonal experimental design. We also analyzed the structural, physicochemical, and rheological characteristics of SDF and IDF. According to the study's findings, SDF and IDF showed a loose and expansive structure with reduced particle size, higher specific surface area, and noticeably better physical and chemical properties after treating GP and OP with ultrasound-assisted composite enzyme method. Both SDF solution and IDF suspension were discovered through rheological analysis to be non-Newtonian pseudoplastic fluids, which was advantageous for expanding their applications in the field of food packaging. In conclusion, DF prepared using the ultrasound-assisted composite enzyme method was an excellent source of edible packaging materials, offering a benchmark for the recycling of other citrus peel wastes and ultimately paving the way for new methods of recycling citrus waste.
Topics: Citrus; Citrus sinensis; Particle Size; Dietary Fiber; Cellulases
PubMed: 37458301
DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16702 -
International Journal of Biological... Dec 2023The prevalence of ulcerative colitis (UC) poses a serious threat to human health. This study showed that fiber-deficient diet (FD) increased the susceptibility of mice...
Scytosiphon lomentaria fucoidan ameliorates DSS-induced colitis in dietary fiber-deficient mice via modulating the gut microbiota and inhibiting the TLR4/NF-κB/MLCK pathway.
The prevalence of ulcerative colitis (UC) poses a serious threat to human health. This study showed that fiber-deficient diet (FD) increased the susceptibility of mice to low dosage of DSS-induced UC, and a UC model was established by feeding mice with DSS and FD to evaluate the effect of Scytosiphon lomentaria fucoidan (SLF) on UC. SLF ameliorated the symptoms of UC, as evidenced by increases in colon length, goblet cells and glycoprotein and reduction in inflammatory cell infiltration and intestinal epithelial injury. SLF alleviated oxidative stress and inhibited colonic inflammation by reducing the levels of lipopolysaccharides and pro-inflammatory cytokines and suppressing the activation of nuclear factor kappa B pathway. SLF protected tight junction integrity by reducing the level of myosin light chain kinase and increasing the levels of claudin, zonula occludens-1 and occludin. SLF improved serum metabolites profile and affected multiple metabolic pathways that are crucial to human health, e.g. butanoate metabolism. The underlying mechanism can be associated with modulation of the gut microbiota and metabolites, including increases in short chain fatty acids and reduction in Proteobacteria, Bacteroides and Romboutsia. It suggests that SLF could be developed as a prebiotic polysaccharide to benefit human health by improving intestinal microecology.
Topics: Humans; Animals; Mice; NF-kappa B; Toll-Like Receptor 4; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Myosin-Light-Chain Kinase; Polysaccharides; Colitis; Colitis, Ulcerative; Dietary Fiber; Colon; Dextran Sulfate; Disease Models, Animal; Mice, Inbred C57BL
PubMed: 37820918
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127337 -
Nutrients Sep 2023subsp. GCL2505 has been shown to have some positive effects on health, including improved defecation frequency and reduced visceral fat. These effects are thought to... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
subsp. GCL2505 has been shown to have some positive effects on health, including improved defecation frequency and reduced visceral fat. These effects are thought to be due to GCL2505's unique ability to reach the intestine in a viable form and proliferate after a single intake. This leads to an increased number of intestinal bifidobacteria. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study was conducted to confirm that intake of GCL2505 and inulin (a prebiotic) improve cognitive function ( = 80). Participants consumed test drinks containing 1 × 10 colony-forming units of GCL2505 per 100 g and 2.0 g of inulin per 100 g for 12 weeks. The change in cognitive function assessment scores was set as the primary endpoint. There were significant improvements in scores in the neurocognitive index domain, which is an assessment of overall cognitive function, in addition to overall attention, cognitive flexibility, and executive function domains. The intervention significantly increased the number of fecal bifidobacteria and affected the levels of several inflammatory markers. These results suggest that intake of GCL2505 and inulin improves cognitive function by improving the intestinal environment and alleviating inflammation.
Topics: Humans; Bifidobacterium; Probiotics; Inulin; Feces; Bifidobacterium animalis; Dietary Fiber; Double-Blind Method; Executive Function; Cognition; Eating
PubMed: 37836458
DOI: 10.3390/nu15194175 -
Nutrients Feb 2024Preterm birth (PTB) is a leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality. Therefore, this study aimed to determine whether preconception dietary fiber intake is...
Preterm birth (PTB) is a leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality. Therefore, this study aimed to determine whether preconception dietary fiber intake is associated with PTB. This was a prospective cohort Japan Environmental and Children's Study (JECS). The study population comprised 85,116 singleton live-birth pregnancies from the JECS database delivered between 2011 and 2014. The participants were categorized into five groups based on their preconception dietary fiber intake quintiles (Q1 and Q5 were the lowest and highest groups, respectively). Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the association between preconception dietary fiber intake and PTB. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that the risk for PTB before 34 weeks was lower in the Q3, Q4, and Q5 groups than in the Q1 group (Q3: adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.78, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.62-0.997; Q4: aOR 0.74, 95% CI 0.57-0.95; Q5: aOR 0.68, 95% CI 0.50-0.92). However, there was no significant difference between preconception dietary fiber intake and PTB before 37 weeks. In conclusion, higher preconception dietary fiber intake correlated with a reduced the risk for PTB before 34 weeks. Therefore, new recommendations on dietary fiber intake as part of preconception care should be considered.
Topics: Pregnancy; Female; Child; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Premature Birth; Cohort Studies; Japan; Prospective Studies; Dietary Fiber
PubMed: 38474840
DOI: 10.3390/nu16050713 -
TheScientificWorldJournal 2023Oats ( L.) are a popular functional cereal grain due to their numerous health benefits. This review article summarized the information on the chemical composition and... (Review)
Review
Oats ( L.) are a popular functional cereal grain due to their numerous health benefits. This review article summarized the information on the chemical composition and phytonutrients of oats grown in different countries. It also reviewed recently developed fermented oat products to highlight their potential for human health. Oats have an interesting nutritional profile that includes high-quality protein, unsaturated fats, soluble fiber, polyphenolic compounds, and micronutrients. Oat grain has a unique protein composition, with globulins serving as the primary storage protein, in contrast to other cereals, where prolamins are the main storage proteins. Oats have the highest fat content of any cereal, with low saturated fatty acids and high essential unsaturated fatty acid content, which can help reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Oats are a good source of soluble dietary fiber, particularly -glucan, which has outstanding functional properties and is extremely important in human nutrition. -Glucan has been shown to lower blood cholesterol and glucose absorption in the intestine, thereby preventing diseases such as cardiovascular injury, dyslipidemia, hypertension, inflammatory state, and type 2 diabetes. Oats also contain high concentration of antioxidant compounds. Avenanthramides, which are unique to oats, are powerful antioxidants with high antioxidative activity in humans. Recognizing the nutritional benefits of oats, oat-based fermented food products are gaining popularity as functional foods with high probiotic potential.
Topics: Humans; Edible Grain; Avena; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Antioxidants; Phytochemicals; beta-Glucans; Dietary Fiber
PubMed: 37492342
DOI: 10.1155/2023/2730175 -
International Journal For Vitamin and... Jun 2024Improving the quality of diet is known as one of the practical ways to reduce cardio-metabolic risk factors (CMRFs). The carbohydrate quality index (CQI) is a... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Improving the quality of diet is known as one of the practical ways to reduce cardio-metabolic risk factors (CMRFs). The carbohydrate quality index (CQI) is a relatively new index to evaluate diet quality. It is calculated based on the ratio of solid carbohydrates to total carbohydrates, dietary fibre intake, glycemic index and the ratio of whole grains to total grains. This systematic review and meta-analysis was designed to investigate the association between dietary CQI and CMRFs. In this systematic review, some international databases, including Scopus, PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Google Scholar up to July 2022, were searched according to appropriate keywords. All observational studies with an English full text assessing the association between the dietary CQI and CMRFs were included. Two researchers independently extracted the data and assessed the quality of the articles with the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Random/fixed-effect meta-analysis was used to pool standardized mean difference (SMD) as an effect size. 11 studies with a total of 63962 subjects were found to be eligible and included in the qualitative synthesis; only BMI, WC and metabolic syndrome reached the threshold of 3 reports with the same effect size and thus only 5 were included in the meta-analysis. The main finding of the included studies was that there were inverse associations between CQI and CMRFs, mainly obesity, glucose metabolism indices, and blood pressure. In the five studies included in the random effect meta-analysis, the association between CQI and body mass index (SMD: 0.45, 95%CI: -0.12, 1.01), waist circumference (SMD: -0.09, 95%CI: -0.34, 0.15) and metabolic syndrome (SMD: 0.63, 95%CI: -0.01, 1.28) was not statistically significant. Although the qualitative findings support the positive association of CQI with CMRFs, the evidence is insufficient to conclude robust findings. Further observational and interventional studies are needed to clearly elucidate this association.
Topics: Humans; Dietary Carbohydrates; Glycemic Index; Metabolic Syndrome; Cardiometabolic Risk Factors; Dietary Fiber; Diet; Risk Factors; Body Mass Index; Whole Grains; Cardiovascular Diseases
PubMed: 38009678
DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000794 -
Nutrients Oct 2023Dietary fiber, an essential bioactive compound in plant-based diets, is of public health concern based on habitual low intakes in the general population. Not much data...
Dietary fiber, an essential bioactive compound in plant-based diets, is of public health concern based on habitual low intakes in the general population. Not much data are available on how habitual dietary fiber is associated with glycemic control in type 1 diabetes (T1D) as well as in prediabetes and normoglycemic adults. To address this gap, we conducted a six-year longitudinal analysis of an original cohort in adults with and without T1D ( = 1255; T1D: = 563; non-diabetes mellitus (non-DM): = 692). Dietary data were collected from a validated food frequency questionnaire, biochemical measures were obtained after an overnight fast, and anthropometric measurements were collected at baseline as well as after three and six years for the follow-up study. Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and estimated insulin sensitivity (eIS) were the main outcomes examined. In adjusted analyses, dietary fiber intake was inversely associated with HbA1c in a minimally adjusted model, but it was positively associated with eIS in a model involving all relevant covariates in non-DM adults. These associations were not significant in the T1D group. Furthermore, when examined by HbA1c cut-offs for glycemic control, an inverse association with dietary fiber was only observed in adults with prediabetes (all < 0.05). At a six-year mean (±SD) dietary fiber intake of 17.4 ± 8.8 g for non-DM and 17.0 ± 8.2 g for the T1D group, protective associations against poor glycemic control were observed in those without diabetes and in prediabetes.
Topics: Humans; Adult; Glycated Hemoglobin; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Blood Glucose; Follow-Up Studies; Insulin Resistance; Prediabetic State; Dietary Fiber
PubMed: 37960272
DOI: 10.3390/nu15214620