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Journal of Microbiology and... Dec 2023Soybean () is an important ingredient of cuisines worldwide. While there is a wealth of evidence that soybean could be a good source of macronutrients and phytochemicals... (Review)
Review
Soybean () is an important ingredient of cuisines worldwide. While there is a wealth of evidence that soybean could be a good source of macronutrients and phytochemicals with health-promoting effects, concerns regarding adverse effects have been raised. In this work, we reviewed the current clinical evidence focusing on the benefits and risks of soybean ingredients. In breast, prostate, colorectal, ovarian, and lung cancer, epidemiological studies showed an inverse association between soybean food intake and cancer risks. Soybean intake was inversely correlated with risks of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and soy isoflavones ameliorated osteoporosis and hot flashes. Notably, soybean was one of the dietary protein sources that may reduce the risk of breast cancer and T2DM. However, soybean had adverse effects on certain types of drug treatment and caused allergies. In sum, this work provides useful considerations for planning clinical soybean research and selecting dietary protein sources for human health.
Topics: Humans; Glycine max; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Precision Medicine; Isoflavones; Dietary Proteins
PubMed: 37674385
DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2308.08016 -
The New England Journal of Medicine Jan 2024
Topics: Humans; Diet, Protein-Restricted; Dietary Proteins; Kidney; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic
PubMed: 38169496
DOI: 10.1056/NEJMclde2304134 -
Clinical Nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland) Dec 2023Increasing dietary protein intake can be an efficient strategy to prevent sarcopenia. Nevertheless, due to the discrepancy in the population and their dietary pattern,...
BACKGROUND & AIMS
Increasing dietary protein intake can be an efficient strategy to prevent sarcopenia. Nevertheless, due to the discrepancy in the population and their dietary pattern, evidence suggested the effects of dietary protein amount or source on sarcopenia prevention varies. This prospective cohort study investigated the correlation between dietary protein intakes or sources and changes in muscle mass measurements. Additionally, the study explored the link between dietary protein and the prevalence of sarcopenia.
METHODS
Participants aged 40 to 75 were from Guangzhou Nutrition and Health Study (GNHS) 2011-2013 and returned in 2014-2017. Validated 79-item food frequency questionnaires were applied to calculate the amount of total, animal, and plant protein intakes and animal-to-plant protein ratio (APR). The body composition was examined by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) to calculate the appendicular lean mass (ALM) and its index (ASMI). Sarcopenia was diagnosed based on the 2019 Asia Working Group of Sarcopenia's criteria. ANCOVA was utilized to compare the differences of Δ ALM and Δ ASMI across the quartiles of the dietary protein, and linear regression was employed to examine dose-response associations. Multilinear mixed-effect models were employed to evaluate whether protein intake relates to annual changes in ALM and ASMI. Multivariable logistic regressions were performed to analyze the associations between dietary protein and sarcopenia.
RESULTS
In total, 2709 participants during the 3.2-year follow-up period were considered eligible for analysis. Higher dietary protein intakes (total, animal, plant) in both sexes could preserve more ALM and ASMI in a dose-response manner (all P < 0.05). The annual estimated preservations of ASMI were greater in the highest dietary protein intakes (total, animal, plant) quartile than the lowest (0.05-0.13 kg/m/y, all P < 0.05). In women, the risk of sarcopenia was reduced by 35%-50 % in the highest protein intake (total, animal, plant) quartile than the lowest. The APR did not display any significant associations.
CONCLUSIONS
Higher dietary protein intake, regardless of animal or plant sources, is associated with less muscle loss and a lower prevalence of sarcopenia in middle-aged and older Chinese, particularly women.
GOV IDENTIFIER
NCT03179657.
Topics: Male; Middle Aged; Humans; Female; Aged; Sarcopenia; Dietary Proteins; Muscle, Skeletal; Prospective Studies; Independent Living; Body Composition; Absorptiometry, Photon; Plant Proteins
PubMed: 37922694
DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2023.10.017 -
Journal of Renal Nutrition : the... Nov 2023
Topics: Humans; Renal Dialysis; Dietary Proteins
PubMed: 37634622
DOI: 10.1053/j.jrn.2023.08.009 -
Nutrients Apr 2024This review delves into the burgeoning field of seaweed proteins as promising alternative sources of protein. With global demand escalating and concerns over traditional... (Review)
Review
This review delves into the burgeoning field of seaweed proteins as promising alternative sources of protein. With global demand escalating and concerns over traditional protein sources' sustainability and ethics, seaweed emerges as a viable solution, offering a high protein content and minimal environmental impacts. Exploring the nutritional composition, extraction methods, functional properties, and potential health benefits of seaweed proteins, this review provides a comprehensive understanding. Seaweed contains essential amino acids, vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants. Its protein content ranges from 11% to 32% of dry weight, making it valuable for diverse dietary preferences, including vegetarian and vegan diets. Furthermore, this review underscores the sustainability and environmental advantages of seaweed protein production compared to traditional sources. Seaweed cultivation requires minimal resources, mitigating environmental issues like ocean acidification. As the review delves into specific seaweed types, extraction methodologies, and functional properties, it highlights the versatility of seaweed proteins in various food products, including plant-based meats, dairy alternatives, and nutritional supplements. Additionally, it discusses the potential health benefits associated with seaweed proteins, such as their unique amino acid profile and bioactive compounds. Overall, this review aims to provide insights into seaweed proteins' potential applications and their role in addressing global protein needs sustainably.
Topics: Seaweed; Humans; Nutritive Value; Plant Proteins; Dietary Proteins; Dietary Supplements
PubMed: 38674814
DOI: 10.3390/nu16081123 -
Nutrients Aug 2023Protein supplements (PS) are trendy foods, especially those made from whey. In addition to providing protein, these products are a source of metals, providing essential...
Protein supplements (PS) are trendy foods, especially those made from whey. In addition to providing protein, these products are a source of metals, providing essential elements (Na, K, Mg, Ca, Mo, Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, and Zn) and other potentially toxic elements (Al, B, Sr, V Ba, and Ni). In this study, 47 whey PS samples were analyzed for mineral elements by ICP-OES, and their dietary exposures were assessed for three consumption scenarios. Elements found in higher concentrations were K (4689.10 mg/kg) and Ca (3811.27 mg/kg). The intake of 30 g PS (average recommended amount/day) provides about 20% of the established reference value (NRI) for Cr (18.30% for men and 25.63% for women) and Mo (26.99%). In a high daily consumption scenario (100 g PS/day) and when the maximum concentrations are considered, Cr, Zn, Fe, Mo, and Mg dietary intakes of these metals exceed the daily recommended intakes and could pose a risk. The daily intake of 30, 60, and 100 g of whey PS for 25 years does not pose a health risk since the hazard index (HI) is less than one in these consumption scenarios, and the essential elements contributing most to HI are Co, followed by Mo and Cr. It is recommended to improve the information to the consumers of these new products. Furthermore, to help in the management and prevention of these potential health risks, it would be advisable to improve the regulation of these dietary supplements and their labeling.
Topics: Male; Female; Humans; Whey Proteins; Whey; Metals; Dietary Exposure; Dietary Supplements
PubMed: 37630733
DOI: 10.3390/nu15163543 -
Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition... Nov 2023Nutritional interventions using protein and amino acids in obesity are popular therapeutical strategies to limit obesity development. However, the effects of dietary... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
Nutritional interventions using protein and amino acids in obesity are popular therapeutical strategies to limit obesity development. However, the effects of dietary protein intake and amino acid metabolic alterations involved in obesity pathophysiology have not been completely unravelled. Significant recent studies have brought to light new findings in these areas, which are the primary focus of this review.
RECENT FINDINGS
We describe the effects of protein intake on weight regain prevention, the influence on gut microbiota, the response to low-protein highly processed foods, and the contrasting impacts of a high-protein diet on adults and children. We also explore newly discovered correlations between amino acids, liver fat accumulation, and the dysregulation of the liver-pancreas axis due to alterations in amino acid levels in the context of obesity. Lastly, we consider branched-chain amino acids, along with glycine and tryptophan, as significant biomarkers during periods of positive or negative energy balance.
SUMMARY
Interventions using dietary protein in obesity may be useful, especially during energy restriction but also in sarcopenic obesity. Furthermore, metabolic profiles that encompass alterations in certain amino acids can provide valuable insights into the metabolic condition of patients with obesity, particularly in relation to insulin resistance and the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Child; Humans; Amino Acids; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dietary Proteins; Obesity; Amino Acids, Branched-Chain
PubMed: 37807957
DOI: 10.1097/MCO.0000000000000978 -
Nutrients Oct 2023Because the associations between different dietary protein sources and the risks of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are inconsistent, and those of eating habits with...
Because the associations between different dietary protein sources and the risks of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are inconsistent, and those of eating habits with GDM have rarely been explored, we aimed to investigate the independent and joint association of major dietary protein sources and eating habits with GDM in a case-control study including 353 GDM cases and 718 controls in China. Dietary protein intake and eating habits prior to GDM diagnosis were collected through questionnaires at 24~28 gestational weeks. Multivariate logistic regression was used to evaluate the independent and joint associations of dietary protein intake and eating habits with GDM. The Anderson model was used assess if there is an additive interaction between them. Animal protein, red meat protein and dairy products protein intake were significantly and positively associated with GDM. Among the eating habits, preferences for hot food, firm food and soft food were significantly associated with higher odds of GDM. Individuals with unhealthy eating habits and high dietary protein simultaneously had the highest odds of GDM, and the ORs were 2.06 (1.25, 3.41) for the total protein, 2.97 (1.78, 4.96) for animal meat, 3.98 (2.41, 6.57) for the red meat protein and 2.82 (1.81, 4.41) for the dairy protein; the values for the trend were all significant ( < 0.001). However, no additive interaction was detected. In conclusion, our study found that dietary protein intake and eating habits prior to GDM diagnosis were both independently and jointly associated with the odds of GDM.
Topics: Pregnancy; Female; Humans; Diabetes, Gestational; Dietary Proteins; Case-Control Studies; Feeding Behavior; Meat Proteins; Diet; Risk Factors
PubMed: 37892408
DOI: 10.3390/nu15204332 -
FP Essentials Apr 2024The average adult needs 1 to 2 g protein/kg of body weight and 25 to 30 kcal/kg of body weight per day. Caloric needs in adults differ based on height, weight, activity... (Review)
Review
The average adult needs 1 to 2 g protein/kg of body weight and 25 to 30 kcal/kg of body weight per day. Caloric needs in adults differ based on height, weight, activity level, and disease state. Malnutrition is defined as an imbalance of nutrition, including lack of adequate calories, protein, and/or other nutrients required for body functioning. Protein-calorie malnutrition is a specific type of malnutrition defined as deficient intake or uptake of protein and energy that leads to physiologic alterations such as inflammation, loss in fat-free mass, and/or decreased response to medical treatment. Worldwide, 20% to 50% of hospitalized patients have malnutrition preadmission, and up to 90% of older adult patients are at increased risk. All patients should be screened for malnutrition within 24 hours of hospital admission. If malnutrition is suspected in the outpatient setting, patients should be screened with assistance from a registered dietitian nutritionist. The treatment strategy for protein and calorie supplementation involves provision of additional calories via oral nutritional supplements, enteral tube feedings, or parenteral nutrition. Oral nutritional supplements are indicated for patients with mild cases of malnutrition who are able to consume food orally. Meal replacement products are a convenient way to modify macronutrient intake, including use as a temporary solution to increase intake in patients with malnutrition and as an intervention for weight loss.
Topics: Humans; Energy Intake; Malnutrition; Dietary Supplements; Protein-Energy Malnutrition; Nutrition Assessment; Dietary Proteins; Enteral Nutrition; Nutritional Status
PubMed: 38648171
DOI: No ID Found -
FASEB Journal : Official Publication of... Oct 2023Depletion of gut microbiota is associated with inefficient energy extraction and reduced production of short-chain fatty acids from dietary fibers, which regulates...
Depletion of gut microbiota is associated with inefficient energy extraction and reduced production of short-chain fatty acids from dietary fibers, which regulates colonic proglucagon (Gcg) expression and small intestinal transit in mice. However, the mechanism by which the gut microbiota influences dietary protein metabolism and its corresponding effect on the host physiology is poorly understood. Enteropeptidase inhibitors block host protein digestion and reduce body weight gain in diet-induced obese rats and mice, and therefore they constitute a new class of drugs for targeting metabolic diseases. Enteroendocrine cells (EECs) are dispersed throughout the gut and possess the ability to sense dietary proteins and protein-derived metabolites. Despite this, it remains unclear if enteropeptidase inhibition affects EECs function. In this study, we fed conventional and antibiotic treated mice a western style diet (WSD) supplemented with an enteropeptidase inhibitor (WSD-ETPi), analyzed the expression of gut hormones along the length of the intestine, and measured small intestinal transit under different conditions. The ETPi-supplemented diet promoted higher Gcg expression in the colon and increased circulating Glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1) levels, but only in the microbiota-depleted mice. The increase in GLP-1 levels resulted in slower small intestinal transit, which was subsequently reversed by administration of GLP-1 receptor antagonist. Interestingly, small intestinal transit was normalized when an amino acid-derived microbial metabolite, p-cresol, was supplemented along with WSD-ETPi diet, primarily attributed to the reduction of colonic Gcg expression. Collectively, our data suggest that microbial dietary protein metabolism plays an important role in host physiology by regulating GLP-1-mediated intestinal transit.
Topics: Mice; Rats; Animals; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; Enteropeptidase; Dietary Proteins; Dietary Supplements; Amino Acids
PubMed: 37732618
DOI: 10.1096/fj.202300982R