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Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) Feb 2024Food and fluid supply is fundamental for optimal athletic performance but can also be a risk factor for caries, dental erosion, and periodontal diseases, which in turn... (Review)
Review
Food and fluid supply is fundamental for optimal athletic performance but can also be a risk factor for caries, dental erosion, and periodontal diseases, which in turn can impair athletic performance. Many studies have reported a high prevalence of oral diseases in elite athletes, notably dental caries 20-84%, dental erosion 42-59%, gingivitis 58-77%, and periodontal disease 15-41%, caused by frequent consumption of sugars/carbohydrates, polyunsaturated fats, or deficient protein intake. There are three possible major reasons for poor oral health in athletes which are addressed in this review: oxidative stress, sports diet, and oral hygiene. This update particularly summarizes potential sports nutritional effects on athletes' dental health. Overall, sports diet appropriately applied to deliver benefits for performance associated with oral hygiene requirements is necessary to ensure athletes' health. The overall aim is to help athletes, dentists, and nutritionists understand the tangled connections between sports diet, oral health, and oral healthcare to develop mitigation strategies to reduce the risk of dental diseases due to nutrition.
Topics: Humans; Oral Health; Dental Caries; Tooth Erosion; Diet; Athletes; Athletic Performance; Periodontal Diseases
PubMed: 38399605
DOI: 10.3390/medicina60020319 -
Heliyon Aug 2023The dietitian service at a metropolitan health service in Queensland, Australia has a non-engagement rate for high-risk antenatal women of 50%.
PROBLEM
The dietitian service at a metropolitan health service in Queensland, Australia has a non-engagement rate for high-risk antenatal women of 50%.
AIM
Determine which attributes are related to non-attendance at dietitian appointments, and women's perceptions and attitudes towards dietitian appointments during pregnancy.
METHODS
An explanatory mixed-methods design was utilised, with first phase including 103 antenatal women referred to a dietitian in 2021 and compared the attributes of those who attended with those who did not engage. Queensland Health electronic databases were used to collect attribute data, which were then analysed with Jamovi (version 1.6) for descriptive, correlational, multivariate analyses of variance MANOVA. Second phase included seven semi-structured interviews with women attending a dietitian appointment, and subsequently analysed through thematic analysis.
RESULTS
Distance from clinic was not related to clinic attendance, and women reported they would attend regardless of distance or work status. Non-attendance was related to higher gravidity, parity, and if referred for obesity, but not previous gastric sleeve or underweight referral. Six themes were identified from the interview data: "Women want to be treated like an individual," "It's all about expectations," "Midwives hold the key," "Preferences in receiving dietary information," "Weight has been a long-term problem and is a sensitive topic," and "Barriers to attendance."
CONCLUSION
Antenatal services can adjust service delivery to improve engagement in weight management services during pregnancy. Telehealth appointments may reduce non-engagement due to distance from clinic. Demystifying the dietitian appointment, ensuring non-judgemental referral processes and collaboration between midwives and dietitians will ensure that women value the service.
PubMed: 37636384
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18106 -
Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal... Nov 2023On the background of antibiotic-free livestock husbandry, animal nutritionists are trying to find alternatives to antibiotics. Many herbs have been developed for animal... (Review)
Review
On the background of antibiotic-free livestock husbandry, animal nutritionists are trying to find alternatives to antibiotics. Many herbs have been developed for animal diets to replace antibiotics. Humulus Scandens (HS) is also known as Humulus japonicus and Japanese hop in English, lü Cao () in Mandarin Chinese and kanamugura (カナムグラ) in Japanese. It is a traditional Chinese medicine with good environmental adaptability. It can grow rapidly and cover any area. Its high yield, strong vitality and medical value allow its potential to be used as an exogenous additive for animal diets to replace antibiotics. However, the knowledge about this herb is limited at present. This manuscript reviewed the processing method of HS and its application in livestock husbandry in order to provide references for its application.
Topics: Animals; Humulus; Livestock; Medicine, Chinese Traditional; Anti-Bacterial Agents
PubMed: 37277943
DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13847 -
Clinical Nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland) Jun 2024Primary care healthcare professionals (PCHPs) are pivotal in managing chronic diseases and present a unique opportunity for nutrition-related disease prevention....
Primary care healthcare professionals (PCHPs) are pivotal in managing chronic diseases and present a unique opportunity for nutrition-related disease prevention. However, the active involvement of PCHPs in nutritional care is limited, influenced by factors like insufficient education, lack of resources, and time constraints. In this position paper The European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (ESPEN) promotes the active engagement of PCHPs in nutritional care. We emphasize the importance of early detection of malnutrition by screening and diagnosis, particularly in all individuals presenting with risk factors such as older age, chronic disease, post-acute disease conditions and after hospitalization for any cause. ESPEN proposes a strategic roadmap to empower PCHPs in clinical nutrition, focusing on education, tools, and multidisciplinary collaboration. The aim is to integrate nutrition into medical curricula, provide simple screening tools for primary care, and establish referral pathways to address malnutrition systematically. In conclusion, we urge for collaboration with PCHP organizations to raise awareness, enhance nutrition skills, facilitate dietitian accessibility, establish multidisciplinary teams, and promote referral pathways, thereby addressing the underestimated clinical challenge of malnutrition in primary care.
Topics: Humans; Primary Health Care; Malnutrition; Nutrition Assessment; Europe; Nutrition Therapy
PubMed: 38471980
DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2024.02.017 -
Animals : An Open Access Journal From... Nov 2023Riboflavin, or vitamin B, is indispensable for poultry, profoundly impacting their metabolic equilibrium, growth, and overall health. In a climate of increasing demand... (Review)
Review
Riboflavin, or vitamin B, is indispensable for poultry, profoundly impacting their metabolic equilibrium, growth, and overall health. In a climate of increasing demand for poultry products and heightened production intensity, grasping the multifaceted roles of riboflavin in domestic fowl nutrition becomes paramount. This essential vitamin serves as a precursor to two vital coenzymes, flavin mononucleotide and flavin adenine dinucleotide, integral players in pivotal redox reactions and energy metabolism. Inadequate riboflavin levels translate into stunted growth, skeletal deformities, and compromised feed conversion efficiency, thereby adversely affecting poultry performance and bottom-line profitability. Riboflavin goes beyond its fundamental role, ameliorating nutrient utilization, facilitating protein synthesis, and augmenting enzyme activity, rightfully earning its epithet as the "growth-promoting vitamin". Poultry's reproductive success intricately hinges on riboflavin levels, dictating egg production and hatchability. It is imperative to note that riboflavin requirements exhibit variations among poultry species and distinct production phases, emphasizing the importance of judicious and balanced supplementation strategies. Aligning dietary recommendations with genetic advancements holds the promise of fostering sustainable growth within the poultry sector. Exploring the multifaceted aspects of riboflavin empowers researchers, nutritionists, and producers to elevate poultry nutrition and overall well-being, harmonizing with the industry's evolving demands.
PubMed: 38003171
DOI: 10.3390/ani13223554 -
World Journal of Gastroenterology Mar 2024Cirrhosis is considered a growing cause of morbidity and mortality, which represents a significant public health problem. Currently, there is no effective treatment to... (Review)
Review
Cirrhosis is considered a growing cause of morbidity and mortality, which represents a significant public health problem. Currently, there is no effective treatment to reverse cirrhosis. Treatment primarily centers on addressing the underlying liver condition, monitoring, and managing portal hypertension-related complications, and evaluating the potential for liver transplantation in cases of decompensated cirrhosis, marked by rapid progression and the emergence of complications like variceal bleeding, hepatic encephalopathy, ascites, malnutrition, and more. Malnutrition, a prevalent complication across all disease stages, is often underdiagnosed in cirrhosis due to the complexities of nutritional assessment in patients with fluid retention and/or obesity, despite its crucial impact on prognosis. Increasing emphasis has been placed on the collaboration of nutritionists within hepatology and Liver transplant teams to deliver comprehensive care, a practice that has shown to improve outcomes. This review covers appropriate screening and assessment methods for evaluating the nutritional status of this population, diagnostic approaches for malnutrition, and context-specific nutrition treatments. It also discusses evidence-based recommendations for supplementation and physical exercise, both essential elements of the standard care provided to cirrhotic patients.
Topics: Humans; Nutritional Status; Esophageal and Gastric Varices; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage; Liver Cirrhosis; Hypertension, Portal; Malnutrition; Nutrition Assessment
PubMed: 38596498
DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v30.i10.1313 -
Journal of Human Nutrition and... Aug 2023Endometriosis is a common condition causing chronic pain, fatigue and gut symptoms. Research suggests that dietary changes may improve symptoms; however, evidence is...
BACKGROUND
Endometriosis is a common condition causing chronic pain, fatigue and gut symptoms. Research suggests that dietary changes may improve symptoms; however, evidence is lacking. The present study aimed to investigate the nutritional practices and needs of individuals with endometriosis (IWE) and the management of endometriosis by dietitians in the UK, focusing on gut symptoms.
METHODS
Two online questionnaires were distributed via social media: a survey of dietitians working with IWE and functional gut symptoms and a survey of IWE.
RESULTS
All respondents to the dietitian survey (n = 21) used the low fermentable oligosaccharides disaccharides monosaccharides and polyols (FODMAP) diet in IWE, with the majority 69.3% (n = 14), reporting positive adherence and patient benefit. Dietitians recommended more training (85.7%, n = 18) and resources (81%, n = 17) for IWE. Of those who completed the IWE questionnaire (n = 1385), 38.5% (n = 533) had coexisting irritable bowel syndrome. Only 24.1% (n = 330) had satisfactory relief of gut symptoms. The most common symptoms were tiredness, bloating and abdominal pain, experienced by 85.5% (n = 1163), 75.3% (n = 1025) and 67.3% (n = 917), respectively. Some 52.2% (n = 723) had tried dietary modifications to relieve their gut symptoms; 36.7% (n = 500) ate a restricted diet at present; 13.5% (n = 184) experienced recent unintentional weight loss and 29.8% (n = 407) a decreased appetite Some 13.2% (n = 183) had seen a dietitian regarding their gut symptoms. Of those who had not seen a dietitian, 57.7% (n = 693) would find it useful to.
CONCLUSIONS
Gut symptoms and dietary restriction are very common in IWE; however, dietetic input is not. More research on the role of nutrition and dietetics in the management of endometriosis is recommended.
Topics: Female; Humans; Endometriosis; Dietetics; Fermentation; Disaccharides; Oligosaccharides; Irritable Bowel Syndrome; Diet, Carbohydrate-Restricted
PubMed: 36794746
DOI: 10.1111/jhn.13158 -
Neurogastroenterology and Motility Oct 2023A diet low in fermentable oligo-saccharides, di-saccharides, mono-saccharides and polyols (low FODMAP diet) is complex and clinical effectiveness is achieved with... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
BACKGROUND
A diet low in fermentable oligo-saccharides, di-saccharides, mono-saccharides and polyols (low FODMAP diet) is complex and clinical effectiveness is achieved with dietitian-led education, although dietitian availability in clinical practice varies. This study aimed to assess the feasibility of undertaking a trial to investigate the clinical and cost-effectiveness of different education delivery methods of the low FODMAP diet in patients with disorders of gut-brain interaction (DGBI).
METHODS
In this feasibility randomized controlled trial, patients with DGBI requiring the low FODMAP diet were randomized to receive one of the following education delivery methods: booklet, app, or dietitian. Recruitment and retention rates, acceptability, symptoms, stool output, quality of life, and dietary intake were assessed.
KEY RESULTS
Fifty-one patients were randomized with a recruitment rate of 2.4 patients/month and retention of 48 of 51 (94%). Nobody in the booklet group strongly agreed that this education delivery method enabled them to self-manage symptoms without further support, compared to 7 of 14 (50%) in the dietitian group (p = 0.013). More patients reported adequate relief of symptoms in the dietitian group (12, 80%) compared with the booklet group (7, 39%; p = 0.026), but not when compared to the app group (10, 63%, p > 0.05). There was a greater decrease in the IBS-SSS score in the dietitian group (mean -153, SD 90) compared with the booklet group (mean -90, SD 56; p = 0.043), but not when compared with the app group (mean -120, SD 62; p = 0.595).
CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES
Booklets were the least acceptable education delivery methods. Dietitian-led consultations led to high levels of clinical effectiveness, followed by the app, while the dietitian was superior to booklets alone. However, an adequately powered clinical trial is needed to confirm clinical effectiveness of these education delivery methods.
Topics: Humans; FODMAP Diet; Feasibility Studies; Quality of Life; Brain
PubMed: 37480191
DOI: 10.1111/nmo.14640 -
International Journal of Environmental... Oct 2023Clinical guidelines developed by urologic, urogynecologic, and gynecologic associations around the globe include recommendations on nutrition-related lifestyle and... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Clinical guidelines developed by urologic, urogynecologic, and gynecologic associations around the globe include recommendations on nutrition-related lifestyle and behavioral change for bladder storage conditions. This study identified and compared clinical guidelines on three urological conditions (interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS), overactive bladder, and stress urinary incontinence) affecting adult women.
METHODS
A three-step process was employed to identify the guidelines. Next, a quality assessment of the guidelines was conducted employing the Appraisal of Guidelines Research and Evaluation (AGREE II) International tool. (3) Results: Twenty-two clinical guidelines, prepared by seventeen groups spanning four continents, met the inclusion criteria. The AGREE II analyses revealed that most of the guideline development processes complied with best practices. The most extensive nutrition recommendations were for women with IC/BPS. Dietary manipulation for the other two storage LUTS primarily focused on the restriction or limitation of specific beverages and/or optimal fluid intake. (4) Conclusion: Clinical guidelines for IC/BPS, overactive bladder, and stress urinary incontinence include nutrition recommendations; however, the extent of dietary manipulation varied by condition. The need to ensure that clinicians are informing patients of the limitations of the evidence supporting those recommendations emerged. Furthermore, given the need to treat nutrition-related comorbid conditions as a strategy to help mitigate these three urological disorders, the value of referral to a dietitian for medical nutrition therapy is apparent.
Topics: Female; Humans; Adult; Urinary Bladder; Urinary Bladder, Overactive; Urinary Incontinence, Stress; Cystitis, Interstitial; Severity of Illness Index
PubMed: 37835149
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20196879 -
Cureus Sep 2023The intricate interplay between eating disorders, malnutrition, and their cutaneous manifestations is the focal point of this comprehensive review. The review delves... (Review)
Review
The intricate interplay between eating disorders, malnutrition, and their cutaneous manifestations is the focal point of this comprehensive review. The review delves into the clinical significance of recognising and understanding these visible signs in the context of eating disorders. It highlights the vital role of nutrition in maintaining healthy skin and addresses the challenges associated with relying solely on cutaneous signs for diagnosis. Emphasising a multidisciplinary approach involving dermatologists, psychiatrists, and nutritionists, the review underscores the holistic nature of the treatment. Addressing psychological aspects alongside nutritional rehabilitation is underscored with a forward-looking perspective on future research avenues. This review is valuable for healthcare professionals by synthesising existing knowledge and identifying research gaps. It aims to improve the diagnosis, treatment, and preventative strategies for individuals dealing with the complex challenges of eating disorders and malnutrition.
PubMed: 37809242
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.44759