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Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology 2023
Topics: Humans; Sparganosis; Brain Neoplasms; Magnetic Resonance Imaging
PubMed: 37356830
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmmb.2023.02.001 -
Cureus May 2024The incidence of human diphyllobothriasis is expected to rise amidst the current global popularity of Japanese cuisine, such as sushi, which contains raw fish. We report...
The incidence of human diphyllobothriasis is expected to rise amidst the current global popularity of Japanese cuisine, such as sushi, which contains raw fish. We report a case of a 10-year-old boy with a diphyllobothriasis infection acquired via sushi consumption. The patient was otherwise healthy, exhibited no symptoms, and was successfully treated with a single dose of 10 mg/kg praziquantel. In Japan, this parasite is known as "Sanada-mushi" because it resembles a Sanada cord. Prompt recognition of this parasite by evoking the Sanada cord's appearance may facilitate early diagnosis and treatment and increase public awareness to prevent diphyllobothriasis.
PubMed: 38803400
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.61147 -
The Journal of Parasitology Dec 2023Peruvian and Chilean mummies and coprolites provide a source of population-based parasitological information. This is especially true of the fish tapeworm, Adenocephalus...
Peruvian and Chilean mummies and coprolites provide a source of population-based parasitological information. This is especially true of the fish tapeworm, Adenocephalus pacificus. Our analysis of Chinchorro and Chiribaya mummies and diversified coprolite samples from Chile and Peru show variation in infection. There is a statistically significant difference in prevalence between Chinchorro hunter-gatherer and Chiribaya mixed-subsistence contexts. Furthermore, the most pronounced differences occur between populations within these groups. Chinchorro differences in cemeteries at the same location can be related to El NiƱo-Southern Oscillation variations. Pronounced prevalence variations between 3 Chiribaya villages within 7 km of each other relate to fish distribution and preparation variation. As with other recent archaeoparasitology studies, eggs-per-gram data exhibit overdispersion.
Topics: Animals; Prevalence; Diphyllobothriasis; Cestoda; Diphyllobothrium; Peru
PubMed: 38018746
DOI: 10.1645/19-115 -
International Journal of Dermatology Aug 2023
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Parasites & Vectors Feb 2024Sparganosis is a worldwide food-borne parasitic disease caused by spargana infection, which infects the muscle of frogs and snakes as well as many tissues and organs in...
BACKGROUND
Sparganosis is a worldwide food-borne parasitic disease caused by spargana infection, which infects the muscle of frogs and snakes as well as many tissues and organs in humans. There are currently no viable treatments for sparganosis. Understanding spargana's nutrition source and carbohydrate metabolism may be crucial for identifying its energy supply and establishing methods of treatment for sparganosis.
METHODS
Using an amino acid analyzer and nutrient concentration detection kits, we assessed nutrient concentrations in the muscles of Fejervarya limnocharis and Pelophylax plancyi infected or not infected with spargana. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to quantify the major enzymes involved in five glucose metabolism pathways of spargana developing in vivo. We also used quantitative PCR to assess key enzymes and transcriptome sequencing to explore the regulation of carbohydrate metabolic pathways in vitro in response to different 24-h food treatments.
RESULTS
Infected muscle tissues had considerably higher concentrations of glucogenic and/or ketogenic amino acids, glucose, and glycogen than non-infected muscle tissues. We discovered that the number of differentially expressed genes in Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis was larger in low-glucose than in other dietary groups. We examined differences in the expression of genes producing amino acid transporters, glucose transporters, and cathepsins in spargana grown in various nutritional environments. In the normal saline group, only the major enzymes in the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA), glycogenesis, and glycogenolysis pathways were expressed. The L-glutamine group had the greatest transcriptional levels of critical rate-limiting enzymes of gluconeogenesis and glycogenesis. Furthermore, the low-glucose group had the highest transcriptional levels of critical rate-limiting enzymes involved in the TCA, glycolytic, and glycogenolysis pathways. Surprisingly, when compared to the in vitro culturing groups, spargana developing in vivo exhibited higher expression of these critical rate-limiting enzymes in these pathways, with the exception of the pentose phosphate pathway.
CONCLUSIONS
Spargana have a variety of nutritional sources, and there is a close relationship between nutrients and the carbohydrate metabolism pathways. It takes a multi-site approach to block nutrient absorption and carbohydrate metabolism pathways to provide energy to kill them.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Sparganum; Sparganosis; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Anura; Nutrients; Glucose; Growth and Development
PubMed: 38365789
DOI: 10.1186/s13071-024-06148-1 -
Parasitology Research May 2024Between 1898 and 1940, eight human cases of diphyllobothriasis were reported in Argentina, always in recently arrived European immigrants. In 1982, the first...
Between 1898 and 1940, eight human cases of diphyllobothriasis were reported in Argentina, always in recently arrived European immigrants. In 1982, the first autochthonous case was detected, and since then, 33 other autochthonous cases have been reported, totaling 42 cases of human diphyllobothriasis in Argentina before the present study. Our aim is to update the information on diphyllobothriasis in Argentina by identifying specimens from new cases using morphometrical and/or molecular methods. We also aim to assess the epidemiological relevance of this food-borne disease in the country. Anamnestic data were obtained from patients or professionals, along with 26 worms identified using morphometrical (21 samples) and molecular techniques (5 samples). All the patients acquired the infection by consuming freshwater salmonids caught in Andean lakes in Northern Patagonia. Morphometrics and DNA markers of worms were compatible with Dibothriocephalus latus. In total, 68 human cases have been detected in Argentina, 60 of which were autochthonous. The human population living North-western Patagonia, whose lakes are inhabited by salmonids, is increasing. Similarly, the number of other definitive hosts for Dibothriocephalus dendriticus (gulls) and for D. latus (dogs) is also increasing. In addition, salmonid fishing and the habit of consuming home-prepared raw fish dishes are becoming widespread. Therefore, it is to be expected that diphyllobothriasis in Argentina will increase further.
Topics: Argentina; Diphyllobothriasis; Humans; Animals; Male; Female; Diphyllobothrium; Adult; Middle Aged; Aged; Salmonidae; Foodborne Diseases; Young Adult; History, 20th Century; History, 19th Century
PubMed: 38709381
DOI: 10.1007/s00436-024-08220-2 -
The American Journal of Tropical... Nov 2023
Topics: Animals; Humans; Diphyllobothrium; Diphyllobothriasis; China; Russia
PubMed: 37549900
DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.23-0335 -
Parasitology International Oct 2023Human diphyllobothriasis, caused by Dibothriocephalus nihonkaiensis, is prevalent globally, especially in regions where raw fish is consumed. Recent molecular diagnostic...
Human diphyllobothriasis, caused by Dibothriocephalus nihonkaiensis, is prevalent globally, especially in regions where raw fish is consumed. Recent molecular diagnostic techniques have made species identification of tapeworm parasites and the determination of genetic variations among parasite populations possible. However, only a few studies done over a decade ago, have reported on the genetic variation among D. nihonkaiensis in Japan. The present study employed PCR-based mitochondrial DNA analysis to specifically detect D. nihonkaiensis from archived clinical samples, and to determine any genetic variation that may exist among the Japanese broad tapeworms from patients of Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. Target genes were amplified from DNA extracted from the ethanol- or formaldehyde-fixed samples by PCR. Further sequencing and comparative phylogenetic analyses based on mitochondrial COI and ND1 sequences were also performed. In our results, all PCR-amplified and sequenced samples were identified as D. nihonkaiensis. Analysis of COI sequences revealed two haplotype lineages. However, clustering of almost all COI (and ND1) sample sequences into one of the two haplotype clades, together with reference sequences from different countries worldwide, revealed a common haplotype among D. nihonkaiensis samples in our study. Our results suggest a possible presence of a dominant D. nihonkaiensis haplotype, with a global distribution circulating in Japan. Results from this study have the potential to improve the management of clinical cases and establish robust control measures to reduce the burden of human diphyllobothriasis in Japan.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Haplotypes; Phylogeny; Japan; Diphyllobothrium; Cestoda; Cestode Infections; Diphyllobothriasis; Genetic Variation
PubMed: 37302639
DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2023.102771