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Journal of Orthopaedic Research :... Aug 2023Social media usage, particularly Twitter, among scientists in academia has increased in recent years. However, Twitter's use in scholarly post-publication dissemination... (Review)
Review
Social media usage, particularly Twitter, among scientists in academia has increased in recent years. However, Twitter's use in scholarly post-publication dissemination of orthopaedic research and musculoskeletal advocacy remains low. To enhance usage of Twitter among musculoskeletal researchers, this article reviews data supporting the professional benefits of using the platform to disseminate scholarly works. Next, we provide a linear workflow for Tweet curation, discuss the importance of data-driven decision making behind tweet curation and posting, and propose new guidelines for professional Twitter usage. Since this workflow may not eliminate all the identified barriers and new institutionalized shifts in policies regarding curation and consumption of social media on Twitter, we also briefly introduce and explore using other social media platforms. We hope this information will be persuasive and compelling to those in the orthopedic research field and be broadly applicable to others in related scientific fields who wish to disseminate findings and engage a public audience on social media. In addition, we encourage the Orthopedic Research Society (ORS) and Journal of Orthopedic Research (JOR) communities to take advantage of the many tools curated by the Wiley editorial office and the ORS social media committee to increase dissemination of their scholarly works online. Twitter and social media can assist in accomplishing our mission of creating a world without musculoskeletal limitations via the timely dissemination of orthopedic information. However, this can only be accomplished if the orthopedic research community has a unified and strong online presence actively engaged in orthopaedic research findings and news.
Topics: Humans; Social Media; Research Personnel
PubMed: 37163368
DOI: 10.1002/jor.25588 -
Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) Jul 2023Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of death among all gynecological malignancies. Most patients present with an advanced stage of the disease. The routes of spread in... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of death among all gynecological malignancies. Most patients present with an advanced stage of the disease. The routes of spread in ovarian cancer include peritoneal dissemination, direct invasion, and lymphatic or hematogenous spread, with peritoneal and lymphatic spread being the most common among them. The flow direction of the peritoneal fluid makes the right subphrenic space a target site for peritoneal metastases, and the most frequently affected anatomical area in advanced cases is the right upper quadrant. Complete cytoreduction with no macroscopically visible disease is the most important prognostic factor.
METHODS
We reviewed published clinical anatomy reports associated with surgery of the liver in cases of advanced ovarian cancer.
RESULTS
The disease could disseminate anatomical areas, where complex surgery is required-Morrison's pouch, the liver surface, or porta hepatis. The aim of the present article is to emphasize and delineate the gross anatomy of the liver and its surgical application for oncogynecologists. Moreover, the association between the gross and microscopic anatomy of the liver is discussed. Additionally, the vascular supply and variations of the liver are clearly described.
CONCLUSIONS
Oncogynecologists performing liver mobilization, diaphragmatic stripping, and porta hepatis dissection must have a thorough knowledge of liver anatomy, including morphology, variations, functional status, potential diagnostic imaging mistakes, and anatomical limits of dissection.
PubMed: 37510115
DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13142371 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2024Melanoma is one of the most lethal neoplasms of the skin. Despite the revolutionary introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitors, metastatic spread, and recurrence... (Review)
Review
Melanoma is one of the most lethal neoplasms of the skin. Despite the revolutionary introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitors, metastatic spread, and recurrence remain critical problems in resistant cases. Melanoma employs a multitude of mechanisms to subvert the immune system and successfully metastasize to distant organs. Concerningly, recent research also shows that tumor cells can disseminate early during melanoma progression and enter dormant states, eventually leading to metastases at a future time. Immune escape and metastasis have previously been viewed as separate phenomena; however, accumulating evidence is breaking down this dichotomy. Recent research into the progressive mechanisms of melanoma provides evidence that dedifferentiation similar to classical epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), genes involved in neural crest stem cell maintenance, and hypoxia/acidosis, are important factors simultaneously involved in immune escape and metastasis. The likeness between EMT and early dissemination, and differences, also become apparent in these contexts. Detailed knowledge of the mechanisms behind "dual drivers" simultaneously promoting metastatically inclined and immunosuppressive environments can yield novel strategies effective in disabling multiple facets of melanoma progression. Furthermore, understanding progression through these drivers may provide insight towards novel treatments capable of preventing recurrence arising from dormant dissemination or improving immunotherapy outcomes.
Topics: Humans; Melanoma; Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition; Immunotherapy
PubMed: 38426087
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1336023 -
Nature May 2024Metastasis is a multistep process by which cancer cells break away from their original location and spread to distant organs, and is responsible for the vast majority of... (Review)
Review
Metastasis is a multistep process by which cancer cells break away from their original location and spread to distant organs, and is responsible for the vast majority of cancer-related deaths. Preventing early metastatic dissemination would revolutionize the ability to fight cancer. Unfortunately, the relatively poor understanding of the molecular underpinnings of metastasis has hampered the development of effective anti-metastatic drugs. Although it is now accepted that disseminating tumour cells need to acquire multiple competencies to face the many obstacles they encounter before reaching their metastatic site(s), whether these competencies are acquired through an accumulation of metastasis-specific genetic alterations and/or non-genetic events is often debated. Here we review a growing body of literature highlighting the importance of both genetic and non-genetic reprogramming events during the metastatic cascade, and discuss how genetic and non-genetic processes act in concert to confer metastatic competencies. We also describe how recent technological advances, and in particular the advent of single-cell multi-omics and barcoding approaches, will help to better elucidate the cross-talk between genetic and non-genetic mechanisms of metastasis and ultimately inform innovative paths for the early detection and interception of this lethal process.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Neoplasm Metastasis; Neoplasms; Single-Cell Analysis; Multiomics; Molecular Typing; Cellular Reprogramming
PubMed: 38750233
DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07302-6 -
PLoS Pathogens Aug 2023Most humans have a lifelong imperceptible BK Polyomavirus (BKPyV) infection in epithelial cells lining the reno-urinary tract. In kidney transplant recipients,...
Most humans have a lifelong imperceptible BK Polyomavirus (BKPyV) infection in epithelial cells lining the reno-urinary tract. In kidney transplant recipients, unrestricted high-level replication of donor-derived BKPyV in the allograft underlies polyomavirus-associated nephropathy, a condition with massive epithelial cell loss and inflammation causing premature allograft failure. There is limited understanding on how BKPyV disseminates throughout the reno-urinary tract and sometimes causes kidney damage. Tubule epithelial cells are tightly connected and have unique apical and basolateral membrane domains with highly specialized functions but all in vitro BKPyV studies have been performed in non-polarized cells. We therefore generated a polarized cell model of primary renal proximal tubule epithelial cells (RPTECs) and characterized BKPyV entry and release. After 8 days on permeable inserts, RPTECs demonstrated apico-basal polarity. BKPyV entry was most efficient via the apical membrane, that in vivo faces the tubular lumen, and depended on sialic acids. Progeny release started between 48 and 58 hours post-infection (hpi), and was exclusively detected in the apical compartment. From 72 hpi, cell lysis and detachment gradually increased but cells were mainly shed by extrusion and the barrier function was therefore maintained. The decoy-like cells were BKPyV infected and could transmit BKPyV to uninfected cells. By 120 hpi, the epithelial barrier was disrupted by severe cytopathic effects, and BKPyV entered the basolateral compartment mimicking the interstitial space. Addition of BKPyV-specific neutralizing antibodies to this compartment inhibited new infections. Taken together, we propose that during in vivo low-level BKPyV replication, BKPyV disseminates inside the tubular system, thereby causing minimal damage and delaying immune detection. However, in kidney transplant recipients lacking a well-functioning immune system, replication in the allograft will progress and eventually cause denudation of the basement membrane, leading to an increased number of decoy cells, high-level BKPyV-DNAuria and DNAemia, the latter a marker of allograft damage.
Topics: Humans; Cytology; BK Virus; Polyomavirus; Kidney; Epithelial Cells; Polyomavirus Infections
PubMed: 37639485
DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011622 -
Journal of Korean Medical Science Feb 2024
Topics: Humans; Social Media; Video Recording; Information Dissemination
PubMed: 38412615
DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2024.39.e93 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2023Antibiotic resistance development and pathogen cross-dissemination are both considered essential risks to human health on a worldwide scale. Antimicrobial resistance... (Review)
Review
Antibiotic resistance development and pathogen cross-dissemination are both considered essential risks to human health on a worldwide scale. Antimicrobial resistance genes (AMRs) are acquired, expressed, disseminated, and traded mainly through integrons, the key players capable of transferring genes from bacterial chromosomes to plasmids and their integration by integrase to the target pathogenic host. Moreover, integrons play a central role in disseminating and assembling genes connected with antibiotic resistance in pathogenic and commensal bacterial species. They exhibit a large and concealed diversity in the natural environment, raising concerns about their potential for comprehensive application in bacterial adaptation. They should be viewed as a dangerous pool of resistance determinants from the "One Health approach." Among the three documented classes of integrons reported viz., class-1, 2, and 3, class 1 has been found frequently associated with AMRs in humans and is a critical genetic element to serve as a target for therapeutics to AMRs through gene silencing or combinatorial therapies. The direct method of screening gene cassettes linked to pathogenesis and resistance harbored by integrons is a novel way to assess human health. In the last decade, they have witnessed surveying the integron-associated gene cassettes associated with increased drug tolerance and rising pathogenicity of human pathogenic microbes. Consequently, we aimed to unravel the structure and functions of integrons and their integration mechanism by understanding horizontal gene transfer from one trophic group to another. Many updates for the gene cassettes harbored by integrons related to resistance and pathogenicity are extensively explored. Additionally, an updated account of the assessment of AMRs and prevailing antibiotic resistance by integrons in humans is grossly detailed-lastly, the estimation of AMR dissemination by employing integrons as potential biomarkers are also highlighted. The current review on integrons will pave the way to clinical understanding for devising a roadmap solution to AMR and pathogenicity. Graphical AbstractThe graphical abstract displays how integron-aided AMRs to humans: Transposons capture integron gene cassettes to yield high mobility integrons that target res sites of plasmids. These plasmids, in turn, promote the mobility of acquired integrons into diverse bacterial species. The acquisitions of resistant genes are transferred to humans through horizontal gene transfer.
PubMed: 37720149
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1231938 -
Journal of Pediatric Health Care :... Jun 2024Research methods papers are a valuable resource to researchers and clinicians that highlight novel yet effective methodologies and approaches to conducting research....
Research methods papers are a valuable resource to researchers and clinicians that highlight novel yet effective methodologies and approaches to conducting research. Clinicians can use the knowledge generated from unique research methods to conduct quality, evidence-based practice, and quality improvement projects, and nurse researchers can benefit from the lessons learned by others to improve the rigor of future studies. This paper defines research methods papers, provides an overview of their importance, including examples from the literature, and highlights important considerations when writing and disseminating the findings of research methods.
PubMed: 38842963
DOI: 10.1016/j.pedhc.2024.05.001 -
Frontiers in Bioscience (Landmark... Apr 2024Metastasis remains a leading cause of mortality for patients with solid tumors. An expanding body of literature suggests interplay between the host, gut, and tumoral... (Review)
Review
Metastasis remains a leading cause of mortality for patients with solid tumors. An expanding body of literature suggests interplay between the host, gut, and tumoral microbiomes may play a role in cancer initiation and distant dissemination. These associations have been particularly well-studied in colorectal cancer, where gut dysbiosis and an endotoxin-induced inflammatory milieu foster premalignant polyp formation, setting the stage for carcinogenesis. Subsequent violation of the gut vascular barrier enables dissemination of bacterial agents to sites such as the liver, where they contribute to establishment of pre-metastatic niches, which promote tumor cell extravasation and metastatic outgrowth. Intriguingly, breakdown of this vascular barrier has been shown to be aided by the presence of tumoral bacteria. The presence of similar species, including and , in both primary and metastatic colorectal tumors, supports this hypothesis and their presence is associated with chemotherapy resistance and an overall poor prognosis. Specific gut microbial populations are also associated with differential response to immunotherapy, which has a growing role in microsatellite unstable colorectal cancers. Recent work suggests that modulation of gut microbiome using dietary modification, targeted antibiotics, or fecal microbiota transplantation may improve response to immunotherapy and oncologic outcomes. Elucidation of the precise mechanistic links between the microbiome and cancer dissemination will open the doors to additional therapeutic possibilities.
Topics: Humans; Colorectal Neoplasms; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Neoplasm Metastasis; Dysbiosis; Bacteria; Fecal Microbiota Transplantation
PubMed: 38682201
DOI: 10.31083/j.fbl2904152 -
Journal of Clinical Epidemiology Sep 2023We aimed to gain an overview of the methods and approaches used to develop, disseminate, and implement patient versions of clinical practice guidelines (PVGs). (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
We aimed to gain an overview of the methods and approaches used to develop, disseminate, and implement patient versions of clinical practice guidelines (PVGs).
METHODS
We searched PubMed and MEDLINE through Ovid for articles reporting on the development, dissemination, or implementation of PVGs until March 2022. We searched the homepages of guideline organizations, screened the reference lists of the included documents, and asked experts to complement the publications. We narratively synthesized the findings.
RESULTS
Of 3,941 publications screened, 27 were included in the study. The identified method reports focused on patient involvement and peer-review processes. The other included publications highlighted the relevance of broad dissemination strategies and emphasized the importance of patient involvement and improving the readability of PVGs by using lay terms and shorter sentences.
CONCLUSION
The terminology used for PVGs varies widely. The extent to which the methods were described was heterogeneous. Organizations developing PVGs should make their methods publicly available and use uniform labeling for PVGs in English to improve their use and recognition, not only for other PVG producers but also for patients and the public. A consensus regarding a minimum reporting standard for developing PVGs internationally and developing guiding principles is desirable.
Topics: Humans; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Patient Participation
PubMed: 37482111
DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2023.07.005