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Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology :... Dec 2023This study was to investigate the incidence, survival and prognostic factors of cervical cancer with distant organ metastasis, and to develop a nomogram to predict the...
This study was to investigate the incidence, survival and prognostic factors of cervical cancer with distant organ metastasis, and to develop a nomogram to predict the prognosis of cervical cancer. We used the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database to screen patients diagnosed with cervical cancer from 2010 to 2014. The chi-squared test was used to analyse the differences in clinical characteristics, and we used Kaplan-Meier methods to perform survival analysis. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to estimate prognostic factors, and we developed a visual nomogram to judge the prognosis. We found that lung metastasis was the most common in cervical cancer patients with distant organ metastasis. Age, race, characteristics of the tumour, and therapy should be considered when analysing the prognosis of cervical cancer patients. The findings of this study may help clinicians to formulate individualised treatment strategies.Impact Statement Distant organ metastasis of cervical cancer mainly involves lung, bone, liver and brain. Once it occurs, the survival and prognosis will be threatened seriously. 4176 patients were included, and lung metastasis was the most common in cervical cancer with distant organ metastasis (3.5%). Additionally, age, race, tumour grade, histological type, T-stage, N-stage, lung, liver and bone metastasis and the treatment mode are significantly related to the outcomes of cervical cancer patients. Furthermore, we developed a nomogram that could predict the probability of three-year and five-year OS. The findings of this study may drive more and more studies focussing on the comprehensive prognostic assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of distant metastasis of cervical cancer. Besides, clinicians can utilise these findings to formulate individualised treatment strategies.
Topics: Female; Humans; Nomograms; Prognosis; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms; Incidence; SEER Program; Lung Neoplasms; Neoplasm Staging; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 36927263
DOI: 10.1080/01443615.2023.2181690 -
Frontiers in Oncology 2023Urological tumors, such as prostate cancer, renal cell carcinoma, and bladder cancer, have shown a significant rise in prevalence in recent years and account for a... (Review)
Review
Urological tumors, such as prostate cancer, renal cell carcinoma, and bladder cancer, have shown a significant rise in prevalence in recent years and account for a significant proportion of malignant tumors. It has been established that metastasis to distant organs caused by urological tumors is the main cause of death, although the mechanisms underlying metastasis have not been fully elucidated. The fibronectin receptor integrin α5β1 reportedly plays an important role in distant metastasis and is closely related to tumor development. It is widely thought to be an important cancer mediator by interacting with different ligands, mediating tumor adhesion, invasion, and migration, and leading to immune escape. In this paper, we expound on the relationship and regulatory mechanisms of integrin α5β1 in these three cancers. In addition, the clinical applications of integrin α5β1 in these cancers, especially against treatment resistance, are discussed. Last but not least, the possibility of integrin α5β1 as a potential target for treatment is examined, with new ideas for future research being proposed.
PubMed: 37483505
DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1165073 -
The International Journal of... Oct 2023This study aimed to localise the eloquent cortex and measure evoked field (EF) parameters using magnetoencephalography in patients with epilepsy and tumours near the...
OBJECTIVES
This study aimed to localise the eloquent cortex and measure evoked field (EF) parameters using magnetoencephalography in patients with epilepsy and tumours near the eloquent cortex.
METHODS
A total of 41 patients (26 with drug-refractory epilepsy and 15 with tumours), with a mean age of 33 years, were recruited. Visual evoked field (VEF), auditory evoked field (AEF), sensory evoked field (SSEF), and motor-evoked field (MEF) latencies, amplitudes, and localisation were compared with those of a control population. Subgroup analyses were performed based on lobar involvement. Evoked Field parameters on the affected side were compared with those on the opposite side. The effect of distance from the lesion on nearby and distant evoked fields was evaluated.
RESULTS
AEF and VEF amplitudes and latencies were reduced bilaterally ( < 0.05). Amplitude in the ipsilateral SSEF was reduced by 29.27% and 2.16% in the AEF group compared to the contralateral side ( = 0.02). In patients with temporal lobe lesions, the SSEF amplitude was reduced bilaterally ( < 0.02), and latency was prolonged compared with controls. The MEF amplitude was reduced and latency was prolonged in patients with frontal lobe lesions ( = 0.01). EF displacement was 32%, 57%, 21%, and 16% for AEF, MEF, VEF, and SSEF respectively. Patients in the epilepsy group had distant EF abnormalities.
CONCLUSIONS
EF amplitude was reduced and latency was prolonged in the involved hemisphere. Distant EF amplitudes were more affected than latencies in epilepsy. Amplitude and distance from the lesion had negative correlation for all EF. EF changes indicated eloquent cortical displacement which may not be apparent on MRI.
PubMed: 37824719
DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2023.2270684 -
Frontiers in Oncology 2024Extraocular sebaceous carcinoma (SC), particularly those outside the head and neck region, is rare and not well-described.
INTRODUCTION
Extraocular sebaceous carcinoma (SC), particularly those outside the head and neck region, is rare and not well-described.
PURPOSE
This study aimed to explore the epidemiology and identify the prognostic factors of non-head and neck SC, describe the possible relevant factors of distant metastasis, and provide implications for distant metastasis screening.
METHODS
Data from the 17 registries in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database were retrospectively collected for patients with SC outside the head and neck from 2000 through 2020. Overall survival (OS) and disease-specific survival (DSS) were the primary endpoints. Survival analysis was conducted through Kaplan-Meier curves, and multivariate analysis was carried out using Cox proportional hazard models.
RESULTS
A total of 1,237 patients with SC outside the head and neck were identified. The mean age at diagnosis of the entire patient cohort was 67.7 years (30 to 90+ years), and the mean tumor size was 2.2 cm (0.1-16 cm). Patients with distant disease experienced the lowest OS (mean, 29.5 months) than those with localized disease and regional disease ( < 0.0001). Multivariate analysis revealed that age, tumor size, and stage were independent determinants of OS; age, stage, and primary site were independent determinants of DSS. Tumor grade and lymph node status had less prognostic value for survival. Undifferentiated tumors have a trend toward distant metastasis, especially those at the primary site of the trunk.
CONCLUSION
The prognosis of the non-head and neck SC is excellent, while the survival of distant disease is very poor. Distant metastasis screening can be considered for undifferentiated tumors, especially those located in the trunk region with large tumor sizes.
PubMed: 38800410
DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1395273 -
Current Opinion in Oncology Jul 2023A growing number of studies demonstrate the oral bacterial shift in cancer patients and the enrichment of oral bacteria in distant tumours. During the oncological... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
A growing number of studies demonstrate the oral bacterial shift in cancer patients and the enrichment of oral bacteria in distant tumours. During the oncological treatment, opportunistic oral bacteria correlate with oral toxicities. This review focused on the most recent studies to identify which genera are the most mentioned and deserved further investigation.
RECENT FINDINGS
This review evaluated bacterial changes in patients with head and neck, colorectal, lung and breast cancer. Greater composition of disease-related genera (e.g., Fusobacterium , Porphyromonas , Lactobacillus , Streptococcus , and Parvimonas ) are present in the oral cavity of these groups of patients. The tumour specimen characterisation of head and neck, pancreatic and colorectal cancer also describes the presence of oral taxa. No evidence indicates that commensal oral bacteria have protective roles in distant tumours. Regardless, oral care is critical to prevent the growth of oral pathogens and reduce infection foci.
SUMMARY
Recent evidence suggests that oral microbiota is a potential biomarker for oncological clinical outcomes and oral toxicities. Currently, the literature presents a remarkable methodological variety - from the sample collection site to the preference of the data analysis tools. For the oral microbiome to achieve the stage of being used as a clinical tool in the oncological context, more studies are necessary.
Topics: Humans; Neoplasms; Precision Medicine; Mouth; Microbiota
PubMed: 37222190
DOI: 10.1097/CCO.0000000000000947 -
Endocrine Jun 2024Distant metastasis of thyroid cancer often indicates poor prognosis, and it is important to identify patients who have developed distant metastasis or are at high risk...
OBJECTIVE
Distant metastasis of thyroid cancer often indicates poor prognosis, and it is important to identify patients who have developed distant metastasis or are at high risk as early as possible. This paper aimed to predict distant metastasis of thyroid cancer through the construction of machine learning models to provide a reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment.
MATERIALS & METHODS
Data on demographic and clinicopathological characteristics of thyroid cancer patients between 2010 and 2015 were extracted from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Our research used univariate and multivariate logistic models to screen independent risk factors, respectively. Decision Trees (DT), ElasticNet (ENET), Logistic Regression (LR), Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), Random Forest (RF), Multilayer Perceptron (MLP), Radial Basis Function Support Vector Machine (RBFSVM) and seven machine learning models were compared and evaluated by the following metrics: the area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), calibration curve, decision curve analysis (DCA), sensitivity(also called recall), specificity, precision, accuracy and F1 score. Interpretable machine learning was used to identify possible correlation between variables and distant metastasis.
RESULTS
Independent risk factors for distant metastasis, including age, gender, race, marital status, histological type, capsular invasion, and number of lymph nodes metastases were screened by multifactorial regression analysis. Among the seven machine learning algorithms, RF was the best algorithm, with an AUC of 0.948, sensitivity of 0.919, accuracy of 0.845, and F1 score of 0.886 in the training set, and an AUC of 0.960, sensitivity of 0.929, accuracy of 0.906, and F1 score of 0.908 in the test set.
CONCLUSIONS
The machine learning model constructed in this study helps in the early diagnosis of distant thyroid metastases and helps physicians to make better decisions and medical interventions.
Topics: Humans; Thyroid Neoplasms; Female; Machine Learning; Male; SEER Program; Middle Aged; Adult; Aged; Risk Factors; Prognosis; Neoplasm Metastasis; Databases, Factual
PubMed: 38155324
DOI: 10.1007/s12020-023-03657-4 -
Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official... Oct 2023
PubMed: 37433105
DOI: 10.1200/JCO.23.00976 -
Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin Jan 2024Comparison processes are critical to social judgments, yet little is known about how individuals compare people other than themselves in daily life (social-judgment...
Comparison processes are critical to social judgments, yet little is known about how individuals compare people other than themselves in daily life (social-judgment comparisons). The present research employed a 7-day experience-sampling design ( = 93; = 3,960) with end-of-week and 6-month follow-ups, to examine how individuals make social-judgment comparisons in daily life as well as the cumulative impact of these comparisons over time. Participants compared close (vs. distant) contacts more frequently and made more downward than upward comparisons. Furthermore, downward, relative to upward, comparisons predicted more positive perceptions of the contact, greater closeness to the contact, and greater relationship satisfaction. More frequent downward comparisons involving a particular contact also predicted greater closeness 1 week and 6 months later. When participants made upward comparisons, they were motivated to protect close, but not distant, contacts by downplaying domain importance, and engaging in this protective strategy predicted greater closeness to the contact 1 week later.
Topics: Humans; Self Concept; Judgment; Surveys and Questionnaires; Personal Satisfaction
PubMed: 36052926
DOI: 10.1177/01461672221115558 -
Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical... Dec 2023Prior researches indicate that peripheral blood CD4 levels have an inverse correlation with distant tumor metastasis in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the...
OBJECTIVES
Prior researches indicate that peripheral blood CD4 levels have an inverse correlation with distant tumor metastasis in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the linear relationship between CD4 and distant metastasis lacks clarity. Hence, the objective of this study was to ascertain the linear relationship between CD4 and distant metastasis in NSCLC patients.
METHODS
This retrospective study analyzed clinical and laboratory data of NSCLC patients between March 2016 and July 2022 at the Cancer Hospital of Anhui University of Technology. The study first applied a generalized summation model and smoothing curve fitting to determine if there was a linear relationship between CD4 and NSCLC metastasis. Secondarily, univariate logistic analysis and multiple linear regression were used to analyze the odds ratio (OR) of CD4 as a continuous variable, dichotomous variable, and trichotomous variable when predicting NSCLC metastasis. In addition, stratified and subgroup analyses were conducted to assess the reliability of CD4 in different NSCLC patient populations.
RESULTS
The study included a total of 213 NSCLC patients, among which 122 had distant metastasis and 91 had no metastasis. The smoothing curve fitting analysis revealed a U-shaped relationship between CD4 and NSCLC metastasis with a threshold effect. The univariate logistic analysis indicated that continuous CD4 expression was not significantly associated with NSCLC metastasis (P = 0.051); however, high levels of CD4 expression (≥ 35.06%) were found to be a protective factor against NSCLC metastasis when CD4+ T was a dichotomous variable (OR = 0.49, P = 0.010). Furthermore, multivariate linear regression models showed that low (< 32%) or high levels (> 44%) of CD4 significantly increased the risk of NSCLC metastasis compared to medium levels (32-44%) when CD4+ T was trichotomized. The significance was maintained in stratified analysis in relation to age, sex, type of pathology, smoke, PS, and T stage. CD4 levels were U-shaped in relation to different sites of distant metastases (bone, brain, liver), but not with lung metastases.
CONCLUSIONS
A threshold effect is shown to exist between the peripheral blood CD4 and distant metastasis in NSCLC patients. It was revealed that the risk of distant metastasis is lower when CD4 is maintained between 32 and 44%, whereas low (< 32%) or high (> 44) levels of CD4 are associated with an increased risk of distant metastasis in NSCLC patients.
Topics: Humans; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung; Lung Neoplasms; Retrospective Studies; Reproducibility of Results; Prognosis
PubMed: 37733240
DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-05418-2 -
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and... Jul 2023Image inpainting that completes large free-form missing regions in images is a promising yet challenging task. State-of-the-art approaches have achieved significant...
Image inpainting that completes large free-form missing regions in images is a promising yet challenging task. State-of-the-art approaches have achieved significant progress by taking advantage of generative adversarial networks (GAN). However, these approaches can suffer from generating distorted structures and blurry textures in high-resolution images (e.g., 512×512). The challenges mainly drive from (1) image content reasoning from distant contexts, and (2) fine-grained texture synthesis for a large missing region. To overcome these two challenges, we propose an enhanced GAN-based model, named Aggregated COntextual-Transformation GAN (AOT-GAN), for high-resolution image inpainting. Specifically, to enhance context reasoning, we construct the generator of AOT-GAN by stacking multiple layers of a proposed AOT block. The AOT blocks aggregate contextual transformations from various receptive fields, allowing to capture both informative distant image contexts and rich patterns of interest for context reasoning. For improving texture synthesis, we enhance the discriminator of AOT-GAN by training it with a tailored mask-prediction task. Such a training objective forces the discriminator to distinguish the detailed appearances of real and synthesized patches, and in turn facilitates the generator to synthesize clear textures. Extensive comparisons on Places2, the most challenging benchmark with 1.8 million high-resolution images of 365 complex scenes, show that our model outperforms the state-of-the-art. A user study including more than 30 subjects further validates the superiority of AOT-GAN. We further evaluate the proposed AOT-GAN in practical applications, e.g., logo removal, face editing, and object removal. Results show that our model achieves promising completions in the real world. We release codes and models in https://github.com/researchmm/AOT-GAN-for-Inpainting.
PubMed: 35254985
DOI: 10.1109/TVCG.2022.3156949