-
Animals : An Open Access Journal From... May 2024The University of Florida's Cervidae Health Research Initiative (CHeRI) conducted a post-mortem examination of a two-year-old white-tailed doe deceased at a northern...
The University of Florida's Cervidae Health Research Initiative (CHeRI) conducted a post-mortem examination of a two-year-old white-tailed doe deceased at a northern Florida white-tailed deer farm. The carcass of the deer had notable emaciation and bloating. Upon opening of the carcass, there was pneumonia and the rumen was tympanic and enlarged. Additionally, the abomasum was distended and contained approximately 5 kg of sand. It is not uncommon for white-tailed deer to engage in geophagia (eating soil or sand), which typically does not result in diseases or fatalities. However, in this animal, we suspect a chronic process that created a physical barrier, hindering nutrient absorption and resulting in physical irritation of the abomasal mucosa with subsequent inflammation. This may have caused a disturbance in immune system function, allowing opportunistic bacteria to colonize and invade other organs, such as the lungs, contributing to the animal's death.
PubMed: 38891649
DOI: 10.3390/ani14111602 -
Microorganisms Apr 2024Enrofloxacin is a broad-spectrum synthetic antimicrobial drug widely used in veterinary medicine. The present study aimed to determine the effective enrofloxacin dose...
Enrofloxacin is a broad-spectrum synthetic antimicrobial drug widely used in veterinary medicine. The present study aimed to determine the effective enrofloxacin dose for treating and infection in and isolates were verified using selective differential media and biochemically using the Vitek 2 test. Bacterial isolates were virulent for with LD equal to 2.03 × 10 and 2.22 × 10 CFU fish for and , respectively. Infected fish suffered from decreased feed intake followed by off-food, tail erosion, darkening of the external body surface, exophthalmia, ascites, and loss of escape reflex. Internally, congested hemorrhagic hepatopancreas with engorged distended gall bladder were dominant. The posterior kidney was congested with enlarged spleen, and empty elementary tract. Pathologically, severe degenerative changes were dominant in the hepatopancreas, posterior kidney, spleen, stomach, and gills of infected fish. Antimicrobial sensitivity test indicated the high susceptibility of and to enrofloxacin with MIC estimated at 1 and 0.0625 µg/mL, respectively. Enrofloxacin effectively protected against and infection when used with medicated feed at doses of 10 and 20 mg kg body weight.
PubMed: 38792731
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12050901 -
The American Surgeon Sep 2023Up to 17.6% of COVID-19 positive patients present with gastrointestinal symptoms and bowel wall abnormalities have been described in up to 31% of COVID-19 positive...
Up to 17.6% of COVID-19 positive patients present with gastrointestinal symptoms and bowel wall abnormalities have been described in up to 31% of COVID-19 positive patients. Here, we present a case of a 40-year-old male diagnosed with COVID-19 complicated by hemorrhagic colitis leading to colonic perforation. CT scan of abdomen and pelvis demonstrated markedly distended descending and sigmoid colon with poorly defined wall, pneumatosis, and pneumoperitoneum. The patient was taken for emergent exploratory laparotomy for extended left hemicolectomy, partial omentectomy, transverse colostomy creation, abdominal washout, repair of small bowel, and appendectomy. The patient was brought back for repeat exploratory laparotomy with ICG perfusion assessment. Patient was found to be heterozygous for factor V Leiden mutation and was never vaccinated for COVID-19. Our case demonstrates a novel use for indocyanine green (ICG) to assess perfusion and underscores the importance of completing a thorough hypercoagulable evaluation following COVID-19 induced thrombotic event.
Topics: Male; Humans; Adult; COVID-19; Colonic Diseases; Colitis; Factor V; Indocyanine Green
PubMed: 37142231
DOI: 10.1177/00031348231173976 -
Urology Case Reports Sep 2023We present a unique case of small bowel obstruction secondary to a urethral catheter balloon. A gentleman at early 80s presented with a blocked catheter, passing a tiny...
We present a unique case of small bowel obstruction secondary to a urethral catheter balloon. A gentleman at early 80s presented with a blocked catheter, passing a tiny amount of stool through the catheter. Recurrent admissions with a blocked catheter required washouts and exchanges by Urology. 24 hours post-catheter exchange, the patient developed signs and symptoms of SBO, including a distended abdomen, vomiting, and constipation. A CT abdomen/Pelvic revealed small bowel obstruction due to the inflated balloon of the catheter migrating to the small bowel loop. The case was managed by re-siting the catheter using flexible cystoscopy.
PubMed: 37675204
DOI: 10.1016/j.eucr.2023.102533 -
International Journal of Surgery Case... Apr 2024Hepatic angiomyolipoma (HAML) is a rare liver tumor composed of blood vessels, smooth muscle, and fat cells. HAML occurs across a wide age range, with symptoms including...
INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE
Hepatic angiomyolipoma (HAML) is a rare liver tumor composed of blood vessels, smooth muscle, and fat cells. HAML occurs across a wide age range, with symptoms including abdominal discomfort, bloating, and weight loss. Diagnosis is challenging due to varied imaging appearances, but histopathological examination supplemented by immunohistochemical analysis, particularly using HMB-45, is definitive.
CASE PRESENTATION
A 33-year-old man presented with a two-year history of right upper quadrant abdominal pain, occasionally relieved with analgesics but worsening over the past month and a half. Examinations revealed a soft, non-distended abdomen with a palpable liver. Laboratory tests, including viral markers and tumor markers were normal. Contrast-enhanced CT revealed a well-defined oval mass in liver segment III with heterogeneous enhancement leading to provisional diagnosis of HAML. The patient underwent a successful en bloc excision with no intraoperative or postoperative complications.
CLINICAL DISCUSSION
Surgical resection is recommended for symptomatic cases or inconclusive biopsies, with stringent follow-up necessary due to the potential for recurrence and association with other malignancies.
CONCLUSION
HAML may present with prolonged nonspecific abdominal symptoms. CT imaging aids in diagnosing cases with abundant fatty tissue. En bloc tumor excision proves safe and effective in treating symptomatic presentations.
PubMed: 38479126
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2024.109516 -
The American Journal of Emergency... Apr 2024Spleno-sigmoid knotting is the twisting of the spleen around the sigmoid colon, causing obstruction of the sigmoid colon. It is an uncommon cause of intestinal...
INTRODUCTION
Spleno-sigmoid knotting is the twisting of the spleen around the sigmoid colon, causing obstruction of the sigmoid colon. It is an uncommon cause of intestinal obstruction. To our knowledge, there has been no previous case report of spleno-sigmoid knotting before our case.
CASE REPORT
Here, we present the case of an 18-year-old female patient who visited the surgical emergency outpatient department with diffuse and progressive abdominal pain lasting for one and a half days. She also experienced obstipation and frequent episodes of vomiting of ingested matter. Upon initial evaluation, she exhibited tachycardia and tachypnea, and her abdomen was grossly distended with diffuse direct and rebound tenderness. Further investigation revealed significant leukocytosis with neutrophil predominance. Emergency laparotomy was performed with a possible diagnosis of generalized peritonitis secondary to gangrenous sigmoid volvulus, which revealed gangrenous spleno-sigmoid knotting.
DISCUSSION
Various types of intestinal knots have been reported, with ileo-sigmoid knots being the most common and ileo-ileal knots being the rarest. Wandering spleen is a rare congenital anomaly with a variable clinical presentation ranging from asymptomatic to mild abdominal pain or acute abdomen due to torsion or acute pancreatitis. It can also cause intestinal obstruction, which may be the initial presentation.
CONCLUSION
In patients presenting with acute abdominal pain and features of bowel obstruction, the possibility of spleno-sigmoid knotting should be considered, and early intervention should be instituted to prevent gangrenous progression and sepsis.
Topics: Humans; Female; Adolescent; Colon, Sigmoid; Spleen; Acute Disease; Pancreatitis; Intestinal Obstruction; Intestinal Volvulus; Abdominal Pain; Abdomen, Acute; Gangrene
PubMed: 38402100
DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2024.02.027 -
Case Reports in Pediatrics 2023A 3-month-old male infant was bought to the emergency department with almost 3 weeks of projectile, bilious emesis after each feed. On presentation, he was cachectic...
A 3-month-old male infant was bought to the emergency department with almost 3 weeks of projectile, bilious emesis after each feed. On presentation, he was cachectic and severely dehydrated and had a palpable olive in the epigastric region. Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis was excluded by abdominal ultrasound. The barium meal demonstrated a massively distended stomach, absence of distal gas, and triple bubble sign. Given the radiological findings, the patient underwent an emergency exploratory laparotomy and a congenital duodenal web (CDW) was discovered. While the clinical picture suggested the diagnosis of HPS, barium meal eventually revealed congenital duodenal web. To our knowledge, no other cases of palpable olive mass as the presenting sign of proximal bowel obstruction have been published.
PubMed: 37790919
DOI: 10.1155/2023/6924037 -
International Journal of Surgery Case... Nov 2023A volvulus is a serious surgical emergency caused by torsion or hyper-flexion of the bowel loop and its mesentery on a fixed point. Cecal volvulus is an uncommon cause...
INTRODUCTION
A volvulus is a serious surgical emergency caused by torsion or hyper-flexion of the bowel loop and its mesentery on a fixed point. Cecal volvulus is an uncommon cause of intestinal obstruction, accounting for just 1-1.5 % of all cases of bowel obstruction.
CASE PRESENTATION
A 33-year-old intellectually disabled male presented to the emergency department with complaints of generalized abdominal pain, absolute constipation, and non-projectile vomiting. He had a grossly distended and rigid abdomen with generalized tenderness and guarding. The abdomen was hyper-resonant. Bowel sounds were hypoactive. Digital rectal examination revealed an empty and collapsed rectum with no stool staining of the finger. Laboratory reports showed leukocytosis and neutrophilia. Radiographic imaging was consistent with acute intestinal obstruction. Laparotomy was performed, and cecal volvulus with viable bowel and acute appendicitis was diagnosed intra-operatively. Manual detorsion, cecopexy, and appendectomy were performed. The patient had an uneventful postoperative course. The patient is still on follow-up since June 2023, and no complication has occurred.
CLINICAL DISCUSSION
Cecal volvulus is an uncommon cause of intestinal obstruction with multiple etiologies. The annual incidence of cecal volvulus is estimated to be between 2.8 and 7.1 cases per million. Cecal volvulus may lead to life-threatening complications such as bowel ischemia and perforation.
CONCLUSION
Diagnosis of cecal volvulus must be made promptly to prevent bowel gangrene and perforation. In this case, manual detorsion and cecopexy were performed as the bowel was viable per-operatively due to early surgical intervention.
PubMed: 37844385
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2023.108904 -
Materials Today. Bio Oct 2023Ferrocene-based nanoparticles have garnered interest as reactive oxygen species (ROS)-responsive nanocarriers of anticancer drugs and imaging agents. However, their...
Ferrocene-based nanoparticles have garnered interest as reactive oxygen species (ROS)-responsive nanocarriers of anticancer drugs and imaging agents. However, their biomedical applications remain limited due to their poor physiological stability. PEGylation of nanocarriers improves their stability and biocompatibility. In this study, we aimed to develop novel PEG-ferrocene nanoparticles (PFNPs) with enhanced stability and ROS responsiveness for the delivery of paclitaxel (PTX) and imaging agents. PEGylation improved the stability of ferrocene nanoparticles, inhibiting their ROS-responsive destruction. Several PEG-ferrocene polymers containing different molar ratios of methacrylic acid and poly (ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate was designed for optimization. ROS-responsive polymers with optimal monomer ratios were self-assembled into PFNPs with enhanced stability. The PFNPs distended, effectively releasing encapsulated PTX and imaging agents within 8 h in the presence of ROS. Furthermore, they remained stable, with no changes in their hydrodynamic diameters or polydispersity indexes after storage in an aqueous solution and biological buffer. The accumulation of PFNPs in a tumor model was 15-fold higher than a free dye. PTX-loaded PFNPs showed a substantial tumor-suppression effect, reducing tumor size to approximately 18% of that in the corresponding control group. These findings suggest a promising application of ROS-responsive PFNPs in tumor treatment as biocompatible nanocarriers of anticancer drugs and imaging agents.
PubMed: 37664795
DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100774 -
Frontiers in Veterinary Science 2023A 13-year-old neutered male Korean short-hair cat presented with anorexia, lethargy, and a severely distended abdomen, suggestive of ascites. Abdominocentesis yielded...
A 13-year-old neutered male Korean short-hair cat presented with anorexia, lethargy, and a severely distended abdomen, suggestive of ascites. Abdominocentesis yielded serosanguineous fluid. A subsequent diagnostic workup, including blood tests, ascitic fluid analysis, imaging studies [radiography, ultrasound, and computed tomography (CT)], and histopathological examination, was performed to identify the underlying cause. Imaging studies revealed characteristics of encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis (EPS) such as peritoneal thickening, fat stranding, and calcification. During laparotomy, fibrous membranes encapsulating the abdominal organs and ascites were observed, and multiple calcified regions were detected on the abdominal wall. Histopathological analysis confirmed the diagnosis of poorly differentiated invasive malignant neoplasms, which were further classified as carcinomatosis based on positive cytokeratin and negative vimentin immunohistochemistry results. To our knowledge, this is the first report of sclerosing peritoneal carcinomatosis with osseous metaplasia in a cat.
PubMed: 38105775
DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1298736