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Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Oct 2023Dorsal preservation (DP) caused privilege change in the concept of rhinoplasty and a promising superior functional and aesthetic transformation in rhinoplasty surgery....
BACKGROUND
Dorsal preservation (DP) caused privilege change in the concept of rhinoplasty and a promising superior functional and aesthetic transformation in rhinoplasty surgery. Avoiding dissection of the dorsal nasal bone and cartilage will leave the soft-tissue envelope intact, leading to a fine and smooth appearance, faster operation with less subsequent edema, and overall preservation of the dorsal aesthetic line.
METHODS
This prospective study included 113 patients who underwent DP rhinoplasty for nasal hump treatment with minimum dissection of nasal dorsum soft-tissue envelope. Results were evaluated using the Standardized Cosmesis and Health Nasal Outcomes Survey (SCHNOS).
RESULTS
The mean preoperative SCHNOS score was 7.21; the mean obstructive score was 2.95 ± 1.068 and the mean aesthetic score was 4.27 ± 0.771. The average lowering of the dorsal hump was 4.4 mm. Approximately 96% of patients showed improvement in the SCHNOS score after surgery, 86.7% (98 patients) showed improvement in the obstructive symptoms and 95.6% (108 patients) showed improvement in the aesthetic score. Complications were seen in 22.11% (most commonly residual hump in 13.27% of cases and dorsal indentation in 5.31%), bleeding was seen in 2.65%, and granuloma formation at the dorsal osteotomy site was seen in 0.88%. There was a very significant improvement in the aesthetic, obstructive, and overall SCHNOS score ( P = 0.000) for each parameter.
CONCLUSIONS
DP rhinoplasty is a safe and very effective procedure, with very low risk of complications. Most of the treated patients have improvement of the obstructive and aesthetic outcome after surgery.
CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Therapeutic, IV.
Topics: Humans; Rhinoplasty; Nasal Septum; Prospective Studies; Nasal Bone; Esthetics
PubMed: 36827472
DOI: 10.1097/PRS.0000000000010335 -
Aesthetic Surgery Journal. Open Forum 2023Rhinoplasty is one of the most commonly performed facial gender-affirming surgeries (FGASs) for transgender females, but well-established morphometric parameters...
BACKGROUND
Rhinoplasty is one of the most commonly performed facial gender-affirming surgeries (FGASs) for transgender females, but well-established morphometric parameters describing feminizing nasal changes do not exist.
OBJECTIVES
Describe the author's technique for feminization rhinoplasty, analyze the changes in 3-dimensional nasal anthropomorphic parameters, and describe patient-reported outcomes.
METHODS
Three-dimensional photogrammetric evaluation was performed both preoperatively and postoperatively in transgender female patients who underwent FGAS. Measurements assessed included the nasofrontal angle, nasolabial angle, dorsal height, mid-dorsal width, alar width, nasal tip width, and tip projection. Patients were surveyed preoperatively and postoperatively using the FACE-Q Nose module. Paired -tests were utilized to assess changes in postoperative measurements and FACE-Q Nose satisfaction scores.
RESULTS
Twenty patients underwent FGAS during the study period. The average time between surgery and postoperative 3-dimensional images was 13.6 ± 6.8 months. The nasofrontal angle increased by 8.2° (148.0 ± 7.4° to 156.1 ± 6.7°, < .001) and tip projection increased by 0.017 (0.58 ± 0.03 to 0.60 ± 0.04, < .01). Dorsal height, mid-dorsal width, and tip width all decreased significantly ( < .05). There were significant improvements in patients' "Satisfaction with Nose," "Satisfaction with Facial Appearance Overall," "Psychological Function," and "Social Function" on FACE-Q. One revision rhinoplasty was performed, and no documented surgical complications were reported.
CONCLUSIONS
There were statistically significant changes in the nasofrontal angle, tip projection, dorsal height, mid-dorsal width, and tip width in patients receiving feminization rhinoplasty. These data may help surgeons with preoperative planning and intraoperative decision making.
PubMed: 38075296
DOI: 10.1093/asjof/ojad095 -
Journal of Comparative Pathology Nov 2023This retrospective study documents the occurrence of single and multiple cutaneous apocrine gland tumours (CATs) on the dorsal midline of 16 captive African wild dogs...
This retrospective study documents the occurrence of single and multiple cutaneous apocrine gland tumours (CATs) on the dorsal midline of 16 captive African wild dogs (AWDs, Lycaon pictus) derived from 161 submissions to diagnostic laboratories in South Africa, France and Germany between 1997 and 2022. Animals included in the study came from zoological institutions in South Africa (n = 2), France (n = 5) and Germany (n = 1) and ranged from 5 to 14 years of age. Fifteen affected animals were female (94%) and one was male. CATs presented as raised, hairless, multilobular, grey firm masses, consistently located along the dorsal midline. Apart from a single cutaneous apocrine adenoma and a cystadenoma occurring concurrently with two non-cystic adenocarcinomas, neoplasms were consistent with malignant cutaneous apocrine adenocarcinomas with lymphatic spread and visceral metastases. Advanced age and female sex were identified as risk factors. A genetic component or association with the increasing use of GnRH agonist contraceptives was suspected but could not be established. This study highlights the need for close clinical monitoring of AWDs over the age of 5 years for the development of CATs along the dorsal midline and supports early surgical intervention. More research is needed to determine the role of inbreeding, endocrine changes and husbandry factors that may play a role in the development of CATs on the dorsal midline of AWDs.
Topics: Animals; Male; Female; Apocrine Glands; Retrospective Studies; Canidae; South Africa; Adenocarcinoma
PubMed: 37967496
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2023.10.005 -
Frontiers in Plant Science 2023Water lilies are popular ornamental cut-flowers with significant economic and cultural value. However, stem bending affects the preservation of cut-flowers during their...
Water lilies are popular ornamental cut-flowers with significant economic and cultural value. However, stem bending affects the preservation of cut-flowers during their vase life. To gain further insights into the molecular mechanisms of stem bending, transcriptome profiling, hormone measurement, and morphological analysis were performed using the stems of the 'Blue Bird' water lily. Transcriptome analysis revealed that 607 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were associated with the dorsal and ventral stems of the water lily, of which 247 were up-regulated and 360 were down-regulated. Significant differences in genes associated with plant hormones, calcium ions, glucose metabolism, and photosynthesis pathways genes involved in the dorsal and ventral areas of the curved stem. In particular, DEGs were associated with the hormone synthesis, gravity response, starch granules, Ca ions, and photosynthesis. The results of qRT-PCR were consistent with that of the transcriptome sequence analysis. A total of 12 hormones were detected, of which abscisic acid, indole-3-carboxaldehyde, indole-3-carboxaldehyde and jasmonic acid were significantly differentially expressed in the dorsal and ventral stems, and were significantly higher in the dorsal stem than in the ventral stem. The cell morphology in the dorsal and ventral areas of the curved stem clearly changed during vase life. The direction of starch granule settlement was consistent with the bending direction of the water lily stem, as well as the direction of gravity. In conclusion, stem bending in water lily cut-flowers is regulated by multiple factors and genes. This study provides an important theoretical basis for understanding the complex regulatory mechanism of water lily stem bending.
PubMed: 37746018
DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1195389 -
Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) Jan 2024Forearm intersection syndrome causes pain, swelling, and a rub at the dorsal distal forearm where the first extensor compartment muscles intersect with the second...
BACKGROUND
Forearm intersection syndrome causes pain, swelling, and a rub at the dorsal distal forearm where the first extensor compartment muscles intersect with the second compartment tendons. Although primary care settings tend to treat mild cases, high-performance athletes may suffer from severe symptoms that require surgery. This proof-of-concept study aims to help detect the anatomical substrate of forearm intersection syndrome using palpation and ultrasonography when available.
METHODS
Five individuals were studied using independent palpation and ultrasonography to identify the first dorsal compartment muscles and the second dorsal compartment tendons. The distances between the dorsal (Lister's) tubercle of the radius and the ulnar and radial edges of the first dorsal compartment muscles were measured to determine the location and extent of the muscle-tendon intersection. The palpatory and ultrasonographic measurements were compared using descriptive statistics and the paired -test.
RESULTS
The mean distances from the dorsal tubercle of the radius to the ulnar and radial borders of the first dorsal compartment muscles were 4.0 cm (SE 0.42) and 7.7 cm (SE 0.56), respectively, based on palpation. By ultrasonography, the corresponding distances were 3.5 cm (SD 1.05, SE 0.47) and 7.0 cm (SD 1.41, SE 0.63). Both methods showed a similar overlap length. However, ultrasonography revealed a shorter distance between the dorsal tubercle of the radius and the ulnar border of the first compartment than palpation ( = 0.0249).
CONCLUSIONS
Our findings indicate that a basic knowledge of anatomy should help health professionals diagnose forearm intersection syndrome through palpation and, if available, ultrasonography.
PubMed: 38201426
DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14010116 -
ELife Sep 2023Development of the dorsal aorta is a key step in the establishment of the adult blood-forming system, since hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) arise from...
Development of the dorsal aorta is a key step in the establishment of the adult blood-forming system, since hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) arise from ventral aortic endothelium in all vertebrate animals studied. Work in zebrafish has demonstrated that arterial and venous endothelial precursors arise from distinct subsets of lateral plate mesoderm. Here, we profile the transcriptome of the earliest detectable endothelial cells (ECs) during zebrafish embryogenesis to demonstrate that tissue-specific EC programs initiate much earlier than previously appreciated, by the end of gastrulation. Classic studies in the chick embryo showed that paraxial mesoderm generates a subset of somite-derived endothelial cells (SDECs) that incorporate into the dorsal aorta to replace HSPCs as they exit the aorta and enter circulation. We describe a conserved program in the zebrafish, where a rare population of endothelial precursors delaminates from the dermomyotome to incorporate exclusively into the developing dorsal aorta. Although SDECs lack hematopoietic potential, they act as a local niche to support the emergence of HSPCs from neighboring hemogenic endothelium. Thus, at least three subsets of ECs contribute to the developing dorsal aorta: vascular ECs, hemogenic ECs, and SDECs. Taken together, our findings indicate that the distinct spatial origins of endothelial precursors dictate different cellular potentials within the developing dorsal aorta.
Topics: Chick Embryo; Animals; Zebrafish; Arteries; Hematopoietic Stem Cells; Hemangioblasts; Aorta
PubMed: 37695317
DOI: 10.7554/eLife.58300 -
Canadian Journal of Pain = Revue... 2023Preclinical and clinical evidence suggests that cannabis has potential analgesic properties. However, cannabinoid receptor expression and localization within spinal cord...
BACKGROUND
Preclinical and clinical evidence suggests that cannabis has potential analgesic properties. However, cannabinoid receptor expression and localization within spinal cord pain processing circuits remain to be characterized across sex and species.
AIMS
We aimed to investigate the differential expression of the cannabinoid type 1 (CB1) receptor across dorsal horn laminae and cell populations in male and female adult rats and humans.
METHODS
To investigate and quantify CB1 receptor expression in the spinal dorsal horn across species, we refined immunohistochemical procedures for successful rat and human fixed tissue staining and confocal imaging. Immunohistochemical results were complemented with analysis of CB1 gene () expression within rodent and human dorsal horn using single-cell/nuclei RNA sequencing data sets.
RESULTS
We found that CB1 was preferentially localized to the neuropil within the superficial dorsal horn of both rats and humans, with CB1 somatic staining across dorsal horn laminae. CB1 receptor immunoreactivity was significantly higher in the superficial dorsal horn compared to the deeper dorsal horn laminae for both rats and humans, which was conserved across sex. Interestingly, we found that CB1 immunoreactivity was not primarily localized to peptidergic afferents in rats and humans and that (CB1) but not (CB2) was robustly expressed in dorsal horn neuron subpopulations of both rodents and humans.
CONCLUSIONS
The conserved preferential expression of CB1 receptors in the superficial dorsal horn in male and female rodents and humans has significant implications for understanding the roles of this cannabinoid receptor in spinal mechanisms of nociception and analgesia.
PubMed: 38170158
DOI: 10.1080/24740527.2023.2264895 -
Journal of Wrist Surgery Apr 2024Injuries of the volar ligaments of the wrist are not uncommon, but their arthroscopic treatment presents a significant challenge. The objective of this paper is to...
Injuries of the volar ligaments of the wrist are not uncommon, but their arthroscopic treatment presents a significant challenge. The objective of this paper is to introduce a technique for reattaching (in acute injuries) or reinforcing (in chronic injuries) various volar wrist ligaments to the bone, using standard wrist arthroscopic dorsal and volar portals. There are three common steps for all the arthroscopic volar capsuloligamentous reattachments or reinforcements Step 1 - Volar Portal Establishment: volar radial, volar ulnar and volar central portals are used depending on which structure needs to be reattached or reinforced. Step 2 - Anchor Placement: the anchor is positioned at the site where the ligament has been detached. Step 3 - Capsuloligamentous Suture and Knotting: a knot pusher is introduced inside the joint from the dorsal portal and advanced inside the volar portal where the threads of the anchor are located. The knot pusher is loaded with the threads and retrieved to the dorsal portal. A 16G Abbocath, loaded with a loop is used to pierce the volar ligaments. The loop of the Abbocath is captured from the dorsal portal and loaded with the threads. Both threads are taken to the volar portal and knotted after releasing the traction. This way the knot is placed out of the wrist and the ligaments are reattached or reinforced to the bone. This technique has been used to reinforce and reattach the scapholunate and lunotriquetral ligaments and to reattach the radiocarpal ligaments and the Poirier space. Since this procedure has been performed in various conditions and in conjunction with other ligament treatments (such as perilunate injuries, carpal bone fractures, distal radius fractures, and reinforcement or reattachment of the dorsal portions of intrinsic ligaments), specific results are not presented. The described technique enables the reattachment and reinforcement of most volar ligaments to the bone using standard wrist arthroscopic portals. It can be performed in conjunction with the treatment of the dorsal portion of intrinsic ligaments or other wrist injuries.
PubMed: 38505205
DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1775820 -
International Journal of Biometeorology Apr 2024Temperature is one of the most important factors in the life histories of ectotherms, as body temperature has an undeniable effect on growth, activity, and reproduction....
Temperature is one of the most important factors in the life histories of ectotherms, as body temperature has an undeniable effect on growth, activity, and reproduction. Lizards have a wide variety of strategies to acquire and maintain body temperature in an optimal range. The "Thermal Melanism Hypothesis" proposes that individuals with lower skin reflectance can heat up faster as a result of absorbing more solar radiation compared to lighter conspecifics. Therefore, having a darker coloration might be advantageous in cold habitats. Dorsal skin reflectance has been found to change rapidly with body temperature in several lizard species, and it can also vary over longer, seasonal time scales. These variations may be important in thermoregulation, especially in lizards that inhabit areas with a large temperature variation during the year. Here, we study how dorsal reflectance fluctuates with body temperature and varies among seasons. We compared dorsal skin reflectance at three body temperature treatments, and measured thermal rates (i.e., heat and cool rate, thermic lapse, and net heat gain) by elevation (2500-4100 m) and seasons (spring, summer, and autumn) in the mesquite lizard, Sceloporus grammicus. Our results show that lizards were darker at high elevations and during the months with the lowest environmental temperatures. The rate of obtaining and retaining heat also varied during the year and was highest during the reproductive season. Our results indicate that the variation of dorsal skin reflectance and thermal rates follows a complex pattern in lizard populations and is affected by both elevation and season.
PubMed: 38652160
DOI: 10.1007/s00484-024-02677-7 -
Brain Communications 2024Fabry disease is a rare monogenetic, X-linked lysosomal storage disorder with neuropathic pain as one characteristic symptom. Impairment of the enzyme...
Fabry disease is a rare monogenetic, X-linked lysosomal storage disorder with neuropathic pain as one characteristic symptom. Impairment of the enzyme alpha-galactosidase A leads to an accumulation of globotriaosylceramide in the dorsal root ganglia. Here, we investigate novel dorsal root ganglia MR imaging biomarkers and their association with Fabry genotype and pain phenotype. In this prospective study, 89 Fabry patients were examined using a standardized 3 T MRI protocol of the dorsal root ganglia. Fabry pain was assessed through a validated Fabry pain questionnaire. The genotype was determined by diagnostic sequencing of the alpha-galactosidase A gene. MR imaging end-points were dorsal root ganglia volume by voxel-wise morphometric analysis and dorsal root ganglia T2 signal. Reference groups included 55 healthy subjects and Fabry patients of different genotype categories without Fabry pain. In patients with Fabry pain, T2 signal of the dorsal root ganglia was increased by +39.2% compared to healthy controls ( = 0.001) and by +29.4% compared to painless Fabry disease ( = 0.017). This effect was pronounced in hemizygous males (+40.7% compared to healthy; = 0.008 and +29.1% compared to painless; = 0.032) and was consistently observed across the genotype spectrum of nonsense (+38.1% compared to healthy, < 0.001) and missense mutations (+39.2% compared to healthy; = 0.009). T2 signal of dorsal root ganglia and globotriaosylsphingosine levels were the only independent predictors of Fabry pain ( = 0.047; = 0.002). Volume of dorsal root ganglia was enlarged by +46.0% in Fabry males in the nonsense compared to missense genotype category ( = 0.005) and by +34.5% compared to healthy controls ( = 0.034). In painful Fabry disease, MRI T2 signal of dorsal root ganglia is increased across different genotypes. Dorsal root ganglion MRI T2 signal as a novel imaging biomarker may help to better understand whether Fabry pain is modulated or even caused by dorsal root ganglion pathology.
PubMed: 38751382
DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcae155