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Orthopaedic Surgery Dec 2023Cartilage regeneration remains difficult due to a lack of blood vessels. Degradation of the extracellular matrix (ECM) causes cartilage defects, and the ECM provides the... (Review)
Review
Cartilage regeneration remains difficult due to a lack of blood vessels. Degradation of the extracellular matrix (ECM) causes cartilage defects, and the ECM provides the natural environment and nutrition for cartilage regeneration. Until now, collagen hydrogels are considered to be excellent material for cartilage regeneration due to the similar structure to ECM and good biocompatibility. However, collagen hydrogels also have several drawbacks, such as low mechanical strength, limited ability to induce stem cell differentiation, and rapid degradation. Thus, there is a demanding need to optimize collagen hydrogels for cartilage regeneration. In this review, we will first briefly introduce the structure of articular cartilage and cartilage defect classification and collagen, then provide an overview of the progress made in research on collagen hydrogels with chondrocytes or stem cells, comprehensively expound the research progress and clinical applications of collagen-based hydrogels that integrate inorganic or organic materials, and finally present challenges for further clinical translation.
Topics: Humans; Hydrogels; Chondrocytes; Collagen; Cartilage, Articular; Regeneration; Tissue Engineering
PubMed: 37942509
DOI: 10.1111/os.13884 -
Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews Oct 2023Over the past decades, there has been an exponential increase in the development of preclinical and clinical nanodelivery systems, and recently, an accelerating demand... (Review)
Review
Over the past decades, there has been an exponential increase in the development of preclinical and clinical nanodelivery systems, and recently, an accelerating demand to deliver RNA and protein-based therapeutics. Organ-specific vasculature provides a promising intermediary for site-specific delivery of nanoparticles and extracellular vesicles to interstitial cells. Endothelial cells express organ-specific surface marker repertoires that can be used for targeted delivery. This article highlights organ-specific vasculature properties, nanodelivery strategies that exploit vasculature organotropism, and overlooked challenges and opportunities in targeting and simultaneously overcoming the endothelial barrier. Impediments in the clinical translation of vasculature organotropism in drug delivery are also discussed.
Topics: Humans; Drug Carriers; Endothelial Cells; Drug Delivery Systems; Nanoparticles; Nanoparticle Drug Delivery System
PubMed: 37591370
DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.115054 -
International Journal of Pharmaceutics Jul 2023A correlative, multiscale imaging methodology for visualising and quantifying the morphology of solid dosage forms by combining ptychographic X-ray computed...
A correlative, multiscale imaging methodology for visualising and quantifying the morphology of solid dosage forms by combining ptychographic X-ray computed nanotomography (PXCT) and scanning small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering (S/WAXS) is presented. The methodology presents a workflow for multiscale analysis, where structures are characterised from the nanometre to millimetre regime. Here, the method is demonstrated by characterising a hot-melt extruded, partly crystalline, solid dispersion of carbamazepine in ethyl cellulose. Characterisation of the morphology and solid-state phase of the drug in solid dosage forms is central as this affects the performance of the final formulation. The 3D morphology was visualised at a resolution of 80 nm over an extended volume through PXCT, revealing an oriented structure of crystalline drug domains aligned in the direction of extrusion. Scanning S/WAXS showed that the nanostructure is similar over the cross section of the extruded filament, with minor radial changes in domain sizes and degree of orientation. The polymorphic forms of carbamazepine were qualified with WAXS, showing a heterogeneous distribution of the metastable forms I and II. This demonstrates the methodology for multiscale structural characterization and imaging to enable a better understanding of the relationships between morphology, performance, and processing conditions of solid dosage forms.
Topics: X-Rays; Radiography; Carbamazepine; Pharmaceutical Preparations; X-Ray Diffraction; Dosage Forms
PubMed: 37414373
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123200 -
International Journal of Pharmaceutics May 2024Liposomes are widely used in the pharmaceutical industry as drug delivery systems to increase the efficacy and reduce the off-target toxicity of active pharmaceutical... (Review)
Review
Liposomes are widely used in the pharmaceutical industry as drug delivery systems to increase the efficacy and reduce the off-target toxicity of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). The liposomes are more complex drug delivery systems than the traditional dosage forms, and phospholipids and cholesterol are the major structural excipients. These two excipients undergo hydrolysis and/or oxidation during liposome preparation and storage, resulting in lipids hydrolyzed products (LHPs) and cholesterol oxidation products (COPs) in the final liposomal formulations. These excipient-related impurities at elevated concentrations may affect liposome stability and exert biological functions. This review focuses on LHPs and COPs, two major categories of excipient-related impurities in the liposomal formulations, and discusses factors affecting their formation, and analytical methods to determine these excipient-related impurities.
Topics: Excipients; Liposomes; Drug Contamination; Cholesterol; Hydrolysis; Phospholipids; Oxidation-Reduction; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; Drug Stability
PubMed: 38688429
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124164 -
Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews Nov 2023Although systemic immunotherapy has achieved durable responses and improved survival for certain patients and cancer types, low response rates and immune system-related... (Review)
Review
Although systemic immunotherapy has achieved durable responses and improved survival for certain patients and cancer types, low response rates and immune system-related systemic toxicities limit its overall impact. Intratumoral (intralesional) delivery of immunotherapy is a promising technique to combat mechanisms of tumor immune suppression within the tumor microenvironment and reduce systemic drug exposure and associated side effects. However, intratumoral injections are prone to variable tumor drug distribution and leakage into surrounding tissues, which can compromise efficacy and contribute to toxicity. Controlled release drug delivery systems such as in situ-forming hydrogels are promising vehicles for addressing these challenges by providing improved spatio-temporal control of locally administered immunotherapies with the goal of promoting systemic tumor-specific immune responses and abscopal effects. In this review we will discuss concepts, applications, and challenges in local delivery of immunotherapy using controlled release drug delivery systems with a focus on intratumorally injected hydrogel-based drug carriers.
Topics: Humans; Delayed-Action Preparations; Hydrogels; Drug Delivery Systems; Neoplasms; Immunotherapy; Tumor Microenvironment
PubMed: 37673217
DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.115083 -
Journal of Nanobiotechnology Aug 2023Ophthalmic inflammatory diseases, including conjunctivitis, keratitis, uveitis, scleritis, and related conditions, pose considerable challenges to effective management... (Review)
Review
Ophthalmic inflammatory diseases, including conjunctivitis, keratitis, uveitis, scleritis, and related conditions, pose considerable challenges to effective management and treatment. This review article investigates the potential of advanced nanomaterials in revolutionizing ocular anti-inflammatory drug interventions. By conducting an exhaustive analysis of recent advancements and assessing the potential benefits and limitations, this review aims to identify promising avenues for future research and clinical applications. The review commences with a detailed exploration of various nanomaterial categories, such as liposomes, dendrimers, nanoparticles (NPs), and hydrogels, emphasizing their unique properties and capabilities for accurate drug delivery. Subsequently, we explore the etiology and pathophysiology of ophthalmic inflammatory disorders, highlighting the urgent necessity for innovative therapeutic strategies and examining recent preclinical and clinical investigations employing nanomaterial-based drug delivery systems. We discuss the advantages of these cutting-edge systems, such as biocompatibility, bioavailability, controlled release, and targeted delivery, alongside potential challenges, which encompass immunogenicity, toxicity, and regulatory hurdles. Furthermore, we emphasize the significance of interdisciplinary collaborations among material scientists, pharmacologists, and clinicians in expediting the translation of these breakthroughs from laboratory environments to clinical practice. In summary, this review accentuates the remarkable potential of advanced nanomaterials in redefining ocular anti-inflammatory drug therapy. We fervently support continued research and development in this rapidly evolving field to overcome existing barriers and improve patient outcomes for ophthalmic inflammatory disorders.
Topics: Humans; Eye; Biological Availability; Drug Delivery Systems; Hydrogels; Liposomes
PubMed: 37598148
DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-01974-4 -
Journal of Controlled Release :... Sep 2023Classic methods for evaluating the disintegration and dissolution kinetics of solid dosage forms are no longer sufficient to meet the growing demands in the... (Review)
Review
Classic methods for evaluating the disintegration and dissolution kinetics of solid dosage forms are no longer sufficient to meet the growing demands in the pharmaceutical field. Hence, scientists have turned to imaging techniques and computer technology to develop innovative visualization methods. These methods allow for a visual understanding of the disintegration or dissolution process and offer valuable insights into the drug release kinetics. This article aims to provide an overview of the commonly used imaging techniques and their applications in studying the disintegration or dissolution of solid dosage forms. Therefore, imaging presents a novel and alternative approach to understanding the mechanisms of disintegration and dissolution in the formulation study of solid dosages.
Topics: Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; Tablets; Solubility; Drug Liberation; Kinetics; Dosage Forms
PubMed: 37567508
DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.08.013 -
Recent Patents on Nanotechnology 2024Neurological disorders (ND) have affected a major part of our society and have been a challenge for medical and biosciences for decades. However, many of these disorders... (Review)
Review
Neurological disorders (ND) have affected a major part of our society and have been a challenge for medical and biosciences for decades. However, many of these disorders haven't responded well to currently established treatment approaches. The fact that many active pharmaceutical ingredients can't get to their specified action site inside the body is one of the main reasons for this failure. Extracellular and intracellular central nervous system (CNS) barriers prevent the transfer of drugs from the blood circulation to the intended location of the action. Utilizing nanosized drug delivery technologies is one possible way to overcome these obstacles. These nano-drug carriers outperform conventional dosage forms in many areas, including good drug encapsulation capacity, targeted drug delivery, less toxicity, and enhanced therapeutic impact. As a result, nano-neuroscience is growing to be an intriguing area of research and a bright alternative approach for delivering medicines to their intended action site for treating different neurological and psychiatric problems. In this review, we have included a short overview of the pathophysiology of neurological diseases, a detailed discussion about the significance of nanocarriers in NDs, and a focus on its recent advances. Finally, we highlighted the patented technologies and market trends, including the predictive analysis for the years 2021-2028.
Topics: Bulk Drugs; Central Nervous System; Disease Management; Drug Carriers; Drug Delivery Systems; Patents as Topic
PubMed: 38197418
DOI: 10.2174/1872210517666230403105152 -
International Journal of Pharmaceutical... 2024Pain syndromes are among the most widespread, costly, and debilitating of all neurological disorders. The number of patients living with chronic pain is expected to... (Review)
Review
Pain syndromes are among the most widespread, costly, and debilitating of all neurological disorders. The number of patients living with chronic pain is expected to increase with the aging population and with the rise in obesity and diabetes across the nation. This type of pain is often insensitive to the traditional pain pharmacopeia or surgical intervention. Over the last 10 years the number of prescriptions that have been compounded by pharmacists has increased dramatically. There are a number of drugs in the area of pain management that have been formulated and compounded by pharmacists to treat conditions such as diabetic neuropathy, fibromyalgia, postherpetic neuralgia, joint pain, arthritis, and a variety of other conditions. A significant portion of these compounded analgesic preparations is made up of topical/transdermal dosage forms such as gels and creams. While the efficacy and doses of these drugs in systemic dosage forms have been widely established, little is known about the permeation and efficacy of these compounds from topical/transdermal gels. This review will provide an overview of chronic pain as a disease, the mechanisms of chronic pain, current treatment approaches to chronic pain, and a discussion of the drugs that are typically compounded into these topical formulations and studied in clinical trials.
Topics: Humans; Analgesics; Chronic Pain; Gels; Neuralgia; Neuralgia, Postherpetic
PubMed: 38604146
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Aerosol Medicine and... Apr 2024This section aims to provide a concise and contemporary technical perspective and reference resource covering dry powder inhaler (DPI) formulations. While DPI products... (Review)
Review
This section aims to provide a concise and contemporary technical perspective and reference resource covering dry powder inhaler (DPI) formulations. While DPI products are currently the leading inhaled products in terms of sales value, a number of confounding perspectives are presented to illustrate why they are considered surprisingly, and often frustratingly, poorly understood on a fundamental scientific level, and most challenging to design from first principles. At the core of this issue is the immense complexity of fine cohesive powder systems. This review emphasizes that the difficulty of successful DPI product development should not be underestimated and is best achieved with a well-coordinated team who respect the challenges and who work in parallel on device and formulation and with an appreciation of the handling environment faced by the patient. The general different DPI formulation types, which have evolved to address the challenges of aerosolizing fine cohesive drug-containing particles to create consistent and effective DPI products, are described. This section reviews the range of particle engineering processes that may produce micron-sized drug-containing particles and their subsequent assembly as either carrier-based or carrier-free compositions. The creation of such formulations is then discussed in the context of the material, bulk, interfacial and ultimately drug-delivery properties that are considered to affect formulation performance. A brief conclusion then considers the future DPI product choices, notably the issue of technology versus affordability in the evolving inhaler market.
Topics: Humans; Administration, Inhalation; Dry Powder Inhalers; Drug Delivery Systems; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Particle Size; Powders; Aerosols
PubMed: 38640447
DOI: 10.1089/jamp.2024.29109.davm