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Physiology & Behavior Jun 2024Driver drowsiness is a significant factor in road accidents. Thermal imaging has emerged as an effective tool for detecting drowsiness by enabling the analysis of facial...
Driver drowsiness is a significant factor in road accidents. Thermal imaging has emerged as an effective tool for detecting drowsiness by enabling the analysis of facial thermal patterns. However, it is not clear which facial areas are most affected and correlate most strongly with drowsiness. This study examines the variations and importance of various facial areas and proposes an approach for detecting driver drowsiness. Twenty participants underwent tests in a driving simulator, and temperature changes in various facial regions were measured. The random forest method was employed to evaluate the importance of each facial region. The results revealed that temperature changes in the nasal area exhibited the highest value, while the eyes had the most correlated changes with drowsiness. Furthermore, drowsiness was classified with an accuracy of 88 % utilizing thermal variations in the facial region identified as the most important regions by the random forest feature importance model. These findings provide a comprehensive overview of facial thermal imaging for detecting driver drowsiness and introduce eye temperature as a novel and effective measure for investigating cognitive activities.
PubMed: 38917929
DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114619 -
Scientific Data Apr 2024To investigate the impact of sleep deprivation (SD) on mood, alertness, and resting-state electroencephalogram (EEG), we present an eyes-open resting-state EEG dataset....
To investigate the impact of sleep deprivation (SD) on mood, alertness, and resting-state electroencephalogram (EEG), we present an eyes-open resting-state EEG dataset. The dataset comprises EEG recordings and cognitive data from 71 participants undergoing two testing sessions: one involving SD and the other normal sleep. In each session, participants engaged in eyes-open resting-state EEG. The Psychomotor Vigilance Task (PVT) was employed for alertness measurement. Emotional and sleepiness were measured using Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS) and Stanford Sleepiness Scale (SSS). Additionally, to examine the influence of individual sleep quality and traits on SD, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire (BPAQ) were utilized. This dataset's sharing may contribute to open EEG measurements in the field of SD.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Male; Affect; Electroencephalography; Sleep Deprivation; Surveys and Questionnaires; Female; Adolescent; Young Adult
PubMed: 38658675
DOI: 10.1038/s41597-024-03268-2 -
Psychiatry Research Dec 2023Previous studies have noted the crucial role of excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) in the course of depressive illness, and more recently, a few studies documented its...
Previous studies have noted the crucial role of excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) in the course of depressive illness, and more recently, a few studies documented its strong associations with an increased risk of suicide. While insomnia is associated with heightened emotional reactivity, suicidal behaviors, and increased relapses and recurrence. Our main hypothesis is that major depressive episodes (MDE) with insomnia and EDS are associated with more severe manifestations of depression. However, to date, no study has directly compared MDE with insomnia without EDS (Ins), and MDE with insomnia with EDS (InsEDS) using both subjective biomarkers (administration of self-assessment questionnaires for psychiatric evaluation and sleep complaints) and objective biomarkers (of sleep and circadian rhythms (using actigraphy). The InsEDS group, compared to the Ins group, exhibited significantly increased suicidal ideation, larger seasonal impacts on mood, alterations in sleep duration, weight, appetite, energy levels, and social activities throughout the year. Furthermore, they had significant delayed onset of daily activity measured with actigraphy. These findings provided new insights into the link between suicide, sleep, alertness, and biological clock. They also hold significant implications for identifying individuals with more severe depressive manifestations and for developing tailored and personalized therapeutic strategies.
Topics: Humans; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders; Depression; Depressive Disorder, Major; Disorders of Excessive Somnolence; Biomarkers
PubMed: 37979319
DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115603 -
Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine :... Mar 2024This case report recounts the details of a patient diagnosed with narcolepsy and cataplexy whose headaches improved once treatment with armodafinil began. The clinical...
UNLABELLED
This case report recounts the details of a patient diagnosed with narcolepsy and cataplexy whose headaches improved once treatment with armodafinil began. The clinical significance of this report lies in the fact that armodafinil is known to cause headaches, at least initially. But perhaps through a reduced need for caffeine and/or a regulation of sleep/wake, armodafinil may reduce headache frequency and severity.
CITATION
Barone DA. Headache improves with armodafinil. 2024;20(3):469-470.
Topics: Humans; Modafinil; Narcolepsy; Caffeine; Cataplexy; Headache
PubMed: 37921201
DOI: 10.5664/jcsm.10906 -
European Journal of Neurology Jan 2024Adamantanes were listed as an interesting option as an early intervention against COVID-19. We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of amantadine in preventing the... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
Adamantanes were listed as an interesting option as an early intervention against COVID-19. We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of amantadine in preventing the progression of COVID-19 and its neurological sequelae.
METHODS
Unvaccinated patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection within 5 days were enrolled. Subjects were randomized (50:50) to amantadine (AMD; 100 mg twice daily) or placebo (PLB) for 14 days. The Ordinal Scale for Clinical Improvement of the World Health Organization (OSCI-WHO) was the primary measure. Secondary endpoints included assessment for fatigue; depression, disorders of smell and taste, and sleepiness on Days 1 and 15.
RESULTS
We enrolled 99 patients (49 AMD and 50 PLB). Disease progression (OSCI-WHO = 4) was observed in 6% (AMD) and 8% (PLB) patients (p > 0.05) with further deterioration (OSCI-WHO〉4) in 0% (AMD) and 8% (PLB) patients (p > 0.05). Complete recovery on Day 15 was 60% higher in the AMD compared with the PLB group (p = 0.025). There was improvement in taste (AMD: p = 0.003; PLB: p = 0.0001) and smell (AMD: p = 0.005; PLB: p = 0.0004) but not in fatigue in both groups. Improvement was observed in the AMD (p = 0.010) but not in the PLB group (p = 0.058) when assessing depression as well as sleepiness (AMD: p = 0.0002; PLB: p = 0.341). There was one death in the PLB group (2.0%) and none in the AMD group (p > 0.05) until Day 210. Overall, the drug was well tolerated.
CONCLUSION
The central effects of amantadine on the nervous system with reduction of sleepiness and depression might have had a supportive effect on faster recovery in early COVID-19 patients.
Topics: Humans; COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; Sleepiness; Amantadine; Double-Blind Method; Fatigue; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 37584095
DOI: 10.1111/ene.16045 -
Work (Reading, Mass.) Jan 2024The transition from alertness to drowsiness can cause considerable changes in the respiratory system, providing an opportunity to detect driver drowsiness.
BACKGROUND
The transition from alertness to drowsiness can cause considerable changes in the respiratory system, providing an opportunity to detect driver drowsiness.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to determine which respiratory features indicate driver drowsiness and then use these features to classify the level of drowsiness and alertness.
METHODS
Twenty male students (mean age 25.6±2.41 years) participated in the study using a driving simulator, and eight features, including expiration duration (ED), inspiration duration (ID), peak-to-peak amplitude (PA), inspiration-to-expiration time ratio (I/E ratio), driving, timing, respiration rate (RR), and yawning, were extracted from the respiratory signal generated by abdominal motions using a belt equipped with a force sensor.
RESULTS
All eight features were statistically significant at the significance level of 0.05. Drowsiness can be detected using respiratory features with 88% accuracy, 82% precision, 86% recall, and an 90% F1 score.
CONCLUSION
The findings of this study may be useful in the development of driver drowsiness monitoring systems based on less intrusive respiratory signal analysis, particularly for specific process automation applications when vehicle control is not in the hands of the driver.
PubMed: 38306082
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-230281 -
Neurology India 2023
Topics: Humans; Intracranial Hypotension; Sleepiness; Retrospective Studies; Magnetic Resonance Imaging
PubMed: 38174503
DOI: 10.4103/0028-3886.391367 -
Sleep Medicine Sep 2023The Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) is one of the most used self-reported instruments to assess sleepiness. Thus, several adaptations into different Languages have been... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVE/BACKGROUND
The Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) is one of the most used self-reported instruments to assess sleepiness. Thus, several adaptations into different Languages have been performed worldwide over the years. The scale has produced disparate psychometric properties when applied in different settings. In the current study, our aim was to perform a Reliability Generalization meta-analysis of the Cronbach᾽s alphas of all published studies on ESS, specifically with a psychometric focus.
PATIENTS/METHODS
Three reference databases (Scopus, PubMed and Web of Science) were searched since 1991 to October 2022 and all the records on psychometric or validation studies that reported Cronbach's alphas, from clinical and nonclinical groups, were included. In total, data from 46 publications (63 estimates) were extracted, comprising 92,503 participants.
RESULTS
Using a Random-Effects Model, the cumulative Cronbach's alpha for the 63 estimates was about 0.82 (CI: 0.798, 0.832) which can be considered as a good measure. However, and as expected, it was observed a high level of heterogeneity (I = 98.96%). Moderation analyses considering setting, date, continent, risk of bias, sex, age and language were performed in order to account for the heterogeneity. Even so, only the variables study setting and continent were significant, and had little importance in explaining the heterogeneity.
CONCLUSIONS
The ESS is a reliable tool to measure sleepiness; however, further studies are needed to investigate what variables might explain the observed variability. Moreover, it will be important to include empirical studies beyond psychometric ones.
Topics: Humans; Sleepiness; Reproducibility of Results; Surveys and Questionnaires; Psychometrics; Wakefulness
PubMed: 37487279
DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2023.07.008 -
Lancet (London, England) Oct 2023
Topics: Humans; Disorders of Excessive Somnolence; Polysomnography; Primary Health Care
PubMed: 37865466
DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(23)01508-8 -
Sleep Sep 2023Idiopathic hypersomnia (IH) is a chronic disorder characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness unexplained by another disorder or drug/medication use. Although the... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
STUDY OBJECTIVES
Idiopathic hypersomnia (IH) is a chronic disorder characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness unexplained by another disorder or drug/medication use. Although the orexin system plays a role in sleep-wake regulation, orexin A levels in the cerebrospinal fluid are normal in people with IH. This phase 1b, randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover study aimed to investigate the safety, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of danavorexton, a small-molecule orexin-2 receptor agonist, in adults with IH.
METHODS
Adults with IH aged 18-75 years were randomized to one of two treatment sequences of single intravenous infusions of danavorexton 112 mg and placebo. Pharmacodynamic endpoints included the maintenance of wakefulness test (MWT), the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS), and the psychomotor vigilance task (PVT). Adverse events were monitored throughout the study period.
RESULTS
Of 28 randomized participants, 12 (44.4%) had a treatment-emergent adverse event (TEAE) and 10 (37.0%) had a TEAE considered related to study drug, most of which were mild or moderate. Four participants (18.2%) had urinary TEAEs while receiving danavorexton, all of which were mild in severity. There were no deaths or TEAEs leading to discontinuation. Improvements in MWT, KSS, and PVT scores were observed with danavorexton compared to placebo. Following drug administration, a mean sleep latency of 40 min (maximum value) was observed during the MWT within 2 h of danavorexton infusion in most participants.
CONCLUSIONS
A single infusion of danavorexton improves subjective and objective excessive daytime sleepiness in people with IH with no serious TEAEs, indicating orexin-2 receptor agonists are promising treatments for IH. Clinical Trial: Clinicaltrials.gov. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04091438.
Topics: Humans; Adult; Idiopathic Hypersomnia; Modafinil; Orexins; Cross-Over Studies; Benzhydryl Compounds; Disorders of Excessive Somnolence; Wakefulness
PubMed: 36883238
DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsad049