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Science (New York, N.Y.) Apr 2024Drugs of abuse alter neuronal signaling.
Drugs of abuse alter neuronal signaling.
Topics: Humans; Motivation; Behavior, Addictive; Substance-Related Disorders; Animals; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 38669580
DOI: 10.1126/science.ado9989 -
Addiction (Abingdon, England) Jul 2024
Topics: History, 20th Century; Humans; Substance-Related Disorders; History, 21st Century; Behavior, Addictive
PubMed: 38600435
DOI: 10.1111/add.16470 -
Public Health Oct 2023Emotional dependence, anxious-depressive symptoms and substance use have been associated with gambling disorder (GD). Although anxiety and depression have been...
INTRODUCTION
Emotional dependence, anxious-depressive symptoms and substance use have been associated with gambling disorder (GD). Although anxiety and depression have been predominantly related to female gamblers and substance abuse to male gamblers, the role of emotional dependence in GD is unknown. Moreover, sex differences remain underexplored.
OBJECTIVES
First, to explore possible differences in emotional dependence, anxious-depressive symptoms and substance abuse by group (GD and non-GD) and sex (women vs men). Second, to analyse the predictive role of emotional dependence in alcohol and drug abuse and anxious-depressive symptoms in patients with GD as a function of sex.
METHODS
Instruments to measure gambling (SOGS), emotional dependence (CDE), anxious-depressive symptoms (SCL-90-R) and substance abuse (MULTICAGE CAD-4) were administered to 108 people with GD diagnosis (60 women and 48 men) and 429 without GD (342 women and 87 men).
STUDY DESIGN
The research is an analytical cross-sectional study.
RESULTS
The results showed that the group with GD scored significantly higher than the non-GD group on alcohol abuse, symptoms of depression and anxiety, and emotional dependence, but not on drug abuse. In the group with GD, emotional dependence predicted alcohol and drug abuse in women, and emotional dependence predicted anxiety and depressive symptoms in men.
CONCLUSION
The findings suggest that women with GD who consume alcohol or drugs would benefit from therapies addressing loneliness, borderline expression, attention-seeking and affective expression. Men with GD who report anxious-depressive symptomatology would benefit from therapeutic strategies to deal with separation anxiety and attention-seeking.
Topics: Humans; Female; Male; Gambling; Cross-Sectional Studies; Emotions; Substance-Related Disorders; Anxiety; Ethanol; Comorbidity
PubMed: 37597461
DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2023.07.023 -
Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs May 2024This project aimed to characterize the relationship between physical pain experienced at time of entry to residential treatment for substance use disorders (SUDs) and...
OBJECTIVE
This project aimed to characterize the relationship between physical pain experienced at time of entry to residential treatment for substance use disorders (SUDs) and the frequency of treatment dropout. We hypothesized that both endorsement of recent pain and higher magnitude of endorsed pain intensity would be associated with higher dropout rates. We further hypothesized that these effects would be exacerbated among patients with opioid use disorder (OUD).
METHOD
Participants included 1,095 individuals in residential treatment for SUD. Data were collected within 24 hours of treatment entry. Analyses were conducted using logistic regression with dropout as the dependent variable. Dropout was operationally defined as leaving treatment against medical advice or being discharged from treatment because of use of substances. Pain (including endorsement and intensity) was the primary independent variable in all analyses. Analyses included demographic and affective covariates and included both main effects of OUD and interaction terms between OUD and pain.
RESULTS
Pain endorsement was associated with greater frequency of dropout (odds ratio [OR] = 1.49, = .04). Higher levels of pain intensity predicted increased rates of dropout (OR = 1.13, < .01). In contrast with our hypothesis, no interactions between OUD and pain were observed.
CONCLUSIONS
These results underscore the import of integrating pain monitoring and pain interventions as core components of treatment for SUD. Our findings are highly consistent with a growing literature recognizing the impact of pain across a constellation of important treatment outcomes and provide novel data strongly suggesting that pain predicts early cessation of treatment.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Patient Dropouts; Adult; Opioid-Related Disorders; Pain; Substance-Related Disorders; Middle Aged; Residential Treatment
PubMed: 38206669
DOI: 10.15288/jsad.23-00099 -
The Psychiatric Quarterly Dec 2023Since the 1960s, empirical research has focused on a better understanding of the characteristics of assaultive psychiatric patients. International research from 1960 to... (Review)
Review
Since the 1960s, empirical research has focused on a better understanding of the characteristics of assaultive psychiatric patients. International research from 1960 to 2017 indicated that male and female patients with schizophrenia and substance use disorder presented the greatest risk for assault with nursing personnel being at higher risk. This present review of studies sought to assess the latest research findings on assaultive patients for the most recent five-year period, 2017-2022. It was hypothesized that patients with schizophrenia and substance use disorders would present the greatest assault risk for nursing personnel. The studies in this review supported this hypothesis. Assaults by patients with schizophrenia and substance abuse has been a consistent finding worldwide for 62 years of published research. Explanations for these findings, the possible role of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in assaultive patients, and an updated methodological review are presented.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Violence; Schizophrenia; Crime Victims; Substance-Related Disorders; Patients
PubMed: 37667138
DOI: 10.1007/s11126-023-10050-x -
Journal of Homosexuality May 2024Chemsex refers to the use of psychoactive substances with sex. We carried out a systematic scoping review of methodological characteristics of chemsex research among men...
Chemsex refers to the use of psychoactive substances with sex. We carried out a systematic scoping review of methodological characteristics of chemsex research among men who have sex with men (MSM), published between 2010 and 2020. For inclusion, chemsex had to be the main focus, and studies had to specify GHB/GBL, stimulant (amphetamine, crystal meth, ecstasy/MDMA, cathinones, cocaine) and/or ketamine use with sex as a variable. From 7055 titles/abstracts, 108 studies were included, mostly cross-sectional, and from Western countries. About one-third of studies recruited exclusively from clinical settings. A majority of these recruited from sexually transmitted infection (STI) clinics. The included quantitative studies analyzed possible associations between chemsex and STI health (40%), mental health (15%), drug health (12%), sexological health (10%), and post-diagnostic HIV health (7%). Most studies included GHB/GBL and crystal meth in their operationalization of chemsex. Definitions and operationalizations of chemsex vary greatly in the literature, and researchers of chemsex among MSM should consider ways in which this variation impacts the validity of their results. More studies are needed among MSM in non-high income and non-Western countries, and examination of possible links between chemsex and post-diagnostic HIV health, sexological health, and mental health.
Topics: Male; Humans; Homosexuality, Male; Substance-Related Disorders; Cross-Sectional Studies; Sodium Oxybate; Sexual and Gender Minorities; Methamphetamine; N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine; HIV Infections; Sexual Behavior; Sexually Transmitted Diseases
PubMed: 36939142
DOI: 10.1080/00918369.2023.2170757 -
Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews Dec 2023Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) is an invaluable treatment option for neuropsychiatric disorders. Co-occurring recreational and nonmedical substance... (Review)
Review
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) is an invaluable treatment option for neuropsychiatric disorders. Co-occurring recreational and nonmedical substance use can be common in those presenting for rTMS treatment, and it is unknown how it may affect the safety and efficacy of rTMS for the treatment of currently approved neuropsychiatric indications. This scoping review aimed to map the literature on humans receiving rTMS and had a history of any type of substance use. The search identified 274 articles providing information on inclusion/exclusion criteria, withdrawal criteria, safety protocols, type of rTMS and treatment parameters, adverse events and effect on primary outcomes that related to substance use. There are neurophysiological effects of substance use on cortical excitability, although the relevance to clinical rTMS practice is unknown. The current literature supports the safety and feasibility of delivering rTMS to those who have co-occurring neuropsychiatric disorder and substance use. However, specific details on how varying degrees of substance use alters the safety, efficacy, and mechanisms of rTMS remains poorly described.
Topics: Humans; Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation; Substance-Related Disorders
PubMed: 38007879
DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105477 -
Academic Psychiatry : the Journal of... Oct 2023
Topics: Humans; Adolescent; Substance-Related Disorders; Mass Screening
PubMed: 37658957
DOI: 10.1007/s40596-023-01848-9 -
Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention,... Apr 2024In Singapore, where drug use is a highly stigmatized and criminalized issue, there is limited understanding of the challenges faced by individuals, particularly sexual... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
In Singapore, where drug use is a highly stigmatized and criminalized issue, there is limited understanding of the challenges faced by individuals, particularly sexual minority men, in their journey towards recovery from substance dependence or addiction. This qualitative study aimed to investigate the driving forces behind drug use, the factors contributing to drug cessation, and the elements influencing the recovery process.
METHODS
Data were extracted from clinical records provided by The Greenhouse Community Services Limited between January 2020 to May 2022. These records encompassed information from four distinct forms: the intake assessment, progress notes, case closing summary, and the care plan review. Thematic analysis was employed to identify and categorize recurring themes within the data.
RESULTS
Data from beneficiaries (n = 125) were analyzed and yielded a series of themes related to facilitators of drug use, motivations to cease drug use, and managing one's ongoing recovery. Within the facilitators of drug use, two sub-themes were identified: (a) addressing trauma and triggers and (b) managing emotions. Additionally, managing one's recovery was marked by four significant sub-themes: (a) uncovering personal identities, (b) losing motivation and drive, (c) overcoming obstacles, and (d) preparing for aftercare.
CONCLUSIONS
The study contributes valuable insights into the dynamics of ongoing recovery management, offering potential avenues for interventions that could enhance support for individuals in their journey to overcome substance dependence. Enhancing psychoeducation and fostering peer support have the potential to facilitate the recovery process. Clearly, a holistic approach is needed to address these complex issues that cuts across our societies.
Topics: Humans; Male; Community Health Services; Retrospective Studies; Sexual and Gender Minorities; Singapore; Social Welfare; Substance-Related Disorders
PubMed: 38627809
DOI: 10.1186/s13011-024-00605-x -
Journal of Dual Diagnosis 2023
Topics: Humans; Vulnerable Populations; Comorbidity; Substance-Related Disorders
PubMed: 37813401
DOI: 10.1080/15504263.2023.2260325