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Polymers Aug 2023Interpolymer complexes based on cellulose ethers have gained significant interest in recent years due to their versatile applications. These complexes are formed by... (Review)
Review
Interpolymer complexes based on cellulose ethers have gained significant interest in recent years due to their versatile applications. These complexes are formed by combining different polymers through non-covalent interactions, resulting in stable structures. This article provides an overview of the various fields where IPCs based on cellulose ethers find application. IPCs based on cellulose ethers show great potential in drug delivery systems. These complexes can encapsulate drugs and enable controlled release, making them suitable for sustained drug delivery. They offer advantages in terms of precise dosage and enhanced therapeutic efficacy. Coatings and adhesives also benefit from IPCs based on cellulose ethers. These complexes can form films with excellent mechanical strength and enhanced water resistance, providing durability and protection. They have applications in various industries where coatings and adhesives play a crucial role. In food packaging, IPCs based on cellulose ethers are highly relevant. These complexes can form films with effective barrier properties against oxygen and water vapor, making them ideal for packaging perishable foods. They help extend to shelf life of food products by minimizing moisture and oxygen transfer. Various methods, such as solvent casting, coacervation, and electrostatic complexation, are employed to synthesize IPCs based on cellulose ethers.
PubMed: 37571220
DOI: 10.3390/polym15153326 -
ACS Applied Bio Materials Dec 2023The biopolymer lignin, which is heterogeneous and abundant, is usually present in plant cell walls and gives them rigidity and strength. As a byproduct of the wood,... (Review)
Review
The biopolymer lignin, which is heterogeneous and abundant, is usually present in plant cell walls and gives them rigidity and strength. As a byproduct of the wood, paper, and pulp manufacturing industry, lignin ranks as the second most prevalent biopolymer worldwide, following cellulose. This review paper explores the extraction, modification, and prospective applications of lignin in various industries, including the enhancement of thermosetting and thermoplastic polymers, biomedical applications such as vanillin production, fuel development, carbon fiber composites, and the creation of nanomaterials for food packaging and drug delivery. The structural characteristics of lignin remain undefined due to its origin, separation, and fragmentation processes. This comprehensive overview encompasses state-of-the-art techniques, potential applications, diverse extraction methods, chemical modifications, carbon fiber utilization, and the extraction of vanillin. Moreover, the review focuses on the utilization of lignin-modified polymer blends across multiple manufacturing sectors, providing insights into the advantages and limitations of this innovative approach for the development of environmentally friendly materials.
Topics: Lignin; Polymers; Carbon Fiber; Biopolymers
PubMed: 38036466
DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00783 -
Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach,... Apr 2024In the realm of cancer therapy, the spotlight is on nanoscale pharmaceutical delivery systems, especially polymer-based nanoparticles, for their enhanced drug... (Review)
Review
In the realm of cancer therapy, the spotlight is on nanoscale pharmaceutical delivery systems, especially polymer-based nanoparticles, for their enhanced drug dissolution, extended presence in the bloodstream, and precision targeting achieved via surface engineering. Leveraging the amplified permeation and retention phenomenon, these systems concentrate therapeutic agents within tumor tissues. Nonetheless, the hurdles of systemic toxicity, biological barriers, and compatibility with living systems persist. Fluorinated polymers, distinguished by their chemical idiosyncrasies, are poised for extensive biomedical applications, notably in stabilizing drug metabolism, augmenting lipophilicity, and optimizing bioavailability. Material science heralds the advent of fluorinated polymers that, by integrating fluorine atoms, unveil a suite of drug delivery merits: the hydrophobic traits of fluorinated alkyl chains ward off lipid or protein disruption, the carbon-fluorine bond's stability extends the drug's lifecycle in the system, and a lower alkalinity coupled with a diminished ionic charge bolsters the drug's ability to traverse cellular membranes. This comprehensive review delves into the utilization of fluorinated polymers for oncological pharmacotherapy, elucidating their molecular architecture, synthetic pathways, and functional attributes, alongside an exploration of their empirical strengths and the quandaries they encounter in both experimental and clinical settings.
PubMed: 38678386
DOI: 10.1002/adma.202404645 -
JAMA Jun 2024
Topics: Humans; Fractures, Bone; United States; United States Food and Drug Administration; Alendronate; Bone Density Conservation Agents; Hip Fractures; Bone Remodeling; Fractures, Spontaneous; Drug Approval; Drug Labeling
PubMed: 38748439
DOI: 10.1001/jama.2024.6077 -
Food Chemistry Jan 2024Electrospinning is a relatively simple technology capable to produce nano- and micron-scale fibers with different properties depending on the electrospinning conditions.... (Review)
Review
Electrospinning is a relatively simple technology capable to produce nano- and micron-scale fibers with different properties depending on the electrospinning conditions. This review critically investigates the fabrication of electrospun plant protein nanofibers (EPPNFs) that can be used in food and food packaging applications. Recent progress in the development and optimization of electrospinning techniques for production of EPPNFs is discussed. Finally, current challenges to the implementation of EPPNFs in food and food packaging applications are highlighted, including potential safety and scalability issues. The production of plant protein nanofibers and microfibers is likely to increase in the future as many industries wish to replace synthetic materials with more sustainable, renewable, and environmentally friendly biopolymers. It is therefore likely that EPPNFs will find increasing applications in various fields including active food packaging and drug delivery.
Topics: Food Packaging; Nanofibers; Drug Delivery Systems; Food; Plant Proteins
PubMed: 37657333
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137236 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2023Green synthesis of NPs has gained extensive acceptance as they are reliable, eco-friendly, sustainable, and stable. Chemically synthesized NPs cause lung inflammation,... (Review)
Review
Green synthesis of NPs has gained extensive acceptance as they are reliable, eco-friendly, sustainable, and stable. Chemically synthesized NPs cause lung inflammation, heart problems, liver dysfunction, immune suppression, organ accumulation, and altered metabolism, leading to organ-specific toxicity. NPs synthesized from plants and microbes are biologically safe and cost-effective. These microbes and plant sources can consume and accumulate inorganic metal ions from their adjacent niches, thus synthesizing extracellular and intracellular NPs. These inherent characteristics of biological cells to process and modify inorganic metal ions into NPs have helped explore an area of biochemical analysis. Biological entities or their extracts used in NPs include algae, bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes, viruses, yeasts, and plants, with varying capabilities through the bioreduction of metallic NPs. These biosynthesized NPs have a wide range of pharmaceutical applications, such as tissue engineering, detection of pathogens or proteins, antimicrobial agents, anticancer mediators, vehicles for drug delivery, formulations for functional foods, and identification of pathogens, which can contribute to translational research in medical applications. NPs have various applications in the food and drug packaging industry, agriculture, and environmental remediation.
Topics: Anti-Infective Agents; Actinobacteria; Agriculture; Drug Delivery Systems; Nanoparticles
PubMed: 37662011
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1224778 -
Bratislavske Lekarske Listy 2024Medication adherence is crucial for optimal treatment outcomes, yet many patients struggle to follow their prescribed regimens, impacting patients, families, and... (Review)
Review
Medication adherence is crucial for optimal treatment outcomes, yet many patients struggle to follow their prescribed regimens, impacting patients, families, and healthcare systems. Measurement of adherence is vital for effective care planning and intervention. This review explores medication adherence challenges and measurement methods, including therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM), medication event monitoring system (MEMS), analysis of adherence in insurance/pharmacy database, pill counts, and self-reports, each with its advantages and limitations.This review advocates a partnership-based approach to adherence, stressing standardized reporting and team-based care. Adherence is influenced by many factors such as complex regimens, packaging, patient perspectives, side effects. Effectively addressing these factors is crucial for improving patient outcomes. In summary, medication adherence is vital but complex. The article covers various adherence measurement methods to promote medication adherence as an important matter (Tab. 5, Fig. 2, Ref. 91). Text in PDF www.elis.sk Keywords: medication adherence, adherence barriers, primary non-adherence, medication event monitoring system, pill count, self-report.
Topics: Humans; Medication Adherence; Drug Monitoring
PubMed: 38526864
DOI: 10.4149/BLL_2024_40 -
Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Jul 2024Oligonucleotide drug products commercially approved in the US and the EU are reviewed. A total of 20 products that includes 1 aptamer, 12 antisense oligonucleotides... (Review)
Review
Oligonucleotide drug products commercially approved in the US and the EU are reviewed. A total of 20 products that includes 1 aptamer, 12 antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs), 6 small interfering ribonucleic acids (siRNAs), and 1 mixture of single-stranded and double-stranded polydeoxyribonucleotides have been identified. A typical oligonucleotide formulation is composed of an oligonucleotide with buffering agent(s), pH adjusting agents, and a tonicity adjusting agent. All the products are presented as 2.1 - 200 mg/mL solutions at pH between 6 and 8.7. Majority of the products are approved for intravenous (IV) and subcutaneous (SC) routes, with two for intravitreal (IVT), two for intrathecal (IT), and one for intramuscular (IM) routes. The primary packaging includes vials and prefilled syringes (PFS). Products approved for IV and IT administration routes and requiring >1.5 mL dose volumes are supplied in vials, while those approved for SC, IM, and IVT and requiring ≤1.5 mL dose volume are supplied in PFS. Based on the compiled dataset, we propose a generalized starting point for an oligonucleotide formulation during early phase development for IV, SC, and IT administration routes. Overall, we believe this harmonized evaluation and understanding of various oligonucleotide drug product attributes will help derive platform generalizations and allows for accelerated early phase development for first-in-human studies.
Topics: Humans; Oligonucleotides; Oligonucleotides, Antisense; Drug Approval; RNA, Small Interfering; United States; Drug Packaging; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical
PubMed: 38679232
DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2024.04.021 -
Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology :... Dec 2023BAG3 is a co-chaperone BAG family protein that plays important roles in protein homeostasis, cell survival, cell motility, and tumour metastasis. This study aimed to...
BAG3 is a co-chaperone BAG family protein that plays important roles in protein homeostasis, cell survival, cell motility, and tumour metastasis. This study aimed to clarify the clinicopathological and prognostic implications of mRNA expression in tumours. We performed bioinformatics analysis on mRNA expression using TCGA, XIANTAO, UALCAN, and Kaplan-Meier plotter databases. mRNA expression was downregulated in breast and endometrial cancers and positively correlated with favourable PAM50 subtyping in breast cancer,clinical stage and short overall survival in ovarian cancer and negatively correlated with T stage, clinical stage, and histological grade in cervical and endometrial cancers. The top -related pathways included ligand-receptor interactions and activity, DNA packaging and nucleosomes, hormonal responses, membrane regions, microdomains and rafts, and endosomes in breast cancer; ligand-receptor interactions, transmembrane transporters and channels, cell adhesion, and keratinisation in cervical cancer; ligand-receptor interactions, anion transmembrane transporters, lipoproteins, keratinisation, cell adhesion, and protein processing in endometrial cancer; metabolism of porphyrin, chlorophyll, pentose, uronic acid, ascorbate, and alternate and cell adhesion in ovarian cancer. expression could represent a potential marker for carcinogenesis, histogenesis, aggressive behaviours, and prognosis in gynecological cancers.IMPACT STATEMENT BAG3 regulates cell activity, autophagy, and resistance to apoptosis through multiple domains and plays an important role in tumour development. BAG3 positively regulates tumour cell invasion and migration in cervical and ovarian cancers. BAG3 expression is closely associated with histogenesis, clinicopathology, and prognosis in gynecological cancers and is involved in signalling pathways associated with the control of cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and drug resistance in tumours. Abnormal BAG3 expression can be employed as a possible marker of tumour development, invasion, and prognosis, providing new ideas for treating cancer.
Topics: Female; Humans; Prognosis; Cell Line, Tumor; Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; RNA, Messenger; Ligands; Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; Ovarian Neoplasms; Computational Biology; Endometrial Neoplasms; Breast Neoplasms
PubMed: 37377218
DOI: 10.1080/01443615.2023.2228899 -
Environmental Science and Pollution... Feb 2024Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are widespread contaminants stemming from various industrial and consumer products, posing a grave threat to both human health... (Review)
Review
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are widespread contaminants stemming from various industrial and consumer products, posing a grave threat to both human health and ecosystems. PFAS contamination arises from multiple sources, including industrial effluents, packaging, and product manufacturing, accumulating in plants and impacting the food chain. Elevated PFAS levels in water bodies pose significant risks to human consumption. This review focuses on PFAS-induced neurological effects, highlighting disrupted dopamine signalling and structural neuron changes in humans. Animal studies reveal apoptosis and hippocampus dysfunction, resulting in memory loss and spatial learning issues. The review introduces the BKMR model, a machine learning technique, to decipher intricate PFAS-neurotoxicity relationships. Epidemiological data underscores the vulnerability of young brains to PFAS exposure, necessitating further research. Stricter regulations, industry monitoring, and responsible waste management are crucial steps to reduce PFAS exposure.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Ecosystem; Fluorocarbons; Waste Management; Drug Contamination; Machine Learning
PubMed: 38277101
DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32082-x