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The European Journal of Contraception &... Apr 2024This review presents an update of the non-contraceptive health benefits of the combined oral contraceptive pill. (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
This review presents an update of the non-contraceptive health benefits of the combined oral contraceptive pill.
METHODS
We conducted a literature search for (review) articles that discussed the health benefits of combined oral contraceptives (COCs), in the period from 1980 to 2023.
RESULTS
We identified 21 subjective and/or objective health benefits of COCs related to (i) the reproductive tract, (ii) non-gynaecological benign disorders and (iii) malignancies. Reproductive tract benefits are related to menstrual bleeding(including anaemia and toxic shock syndrome), dysmenorrhoea, migraine, premenstrual syndrome (PMS), ovarian cysts, Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS), androgen related symptoms, ectopic pregnancy, hypoestrogenism, endometriosis and adenomyosis, uterine fibroids and pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). Non-gynaecological benefits are related to benign breast disease, osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, asthma and porphyria. Health benefits of COCs related to cancer are lower risks of endometrial cancer, ovarian cancer and colorectal cancer.
CONCLUSIONS
The use of combined oral contraceptives is accompanied with a range of health benefits, to be balanced against its side-effects and risks. Several health benefits of COCs are a reason for non-contraceptive COC prescription.
Topics: Humans; Female; Contraceptives, Oral, Combined; Neoplasms
PubMed: 38426312
DOI: 10.1080/13625187.2024.2317295 -
Pain Medicine (Malden, Mass.) Dec 2023Primary dysmenorrhea (PD) is 1 of the most prevalent gynecologic conditions. The main aim of this umbrella review was to assess the effects of therapeutic exercise (TE)... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
Primary dysmenorrhea (PD) is 1 of the most prevalent gynecologic conditions. The main aim of this umbrella review was to assess the effects of therapeutic exercise (TE) on PD.
METHODS
A systematic search was carried out in PubMed, Embase, SPORTDiscus, CINAHL, and PEDro (December 10, 2022). The outcome measures assessed were menstrual pain intensity, menstrual pain duration, and quality of life. Methodological quality was analyzed using the AMSTAR and ROBIS scales, and the strength of evidence was established according to the advisory committee grading criteria guidelines.
RESULTS
Nine systematic reviews were included. The results showed that TE, regardless of the exercise model and intensity, has a clinical effect in improving menstrual pain intensity in women with PD with moderate quality of evidence. In addition, the results showed that TE has a clinical effect in improving the duration of menstrual pain in women with PD with a limited quality of evidence. However, the results are controversial on the improvement of quality of life in women with PD with a limited quality of evidence.
CONCLUSIONS
TE seems an effective option to implement in women with PD to improve the intensity and duration of menstrual pain. We cannot draw robust results for quality of life due to the low number of primary studies. More research in this field can help us establish more robust conclusions, as well as to assess whether there is one exercise model or intensity of training that is more effective than others.PROSPERO number: This review was previously registered in PROSPERO (CRD42022371428).
Topics: Female; Humans; Dysmenorrhea; Exercise; Exercise Therapy; Quality of Life; Systematic Reviews as Topic
PubMed: 37555833
DOI: 10.1093/pm/pnad104 -
Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine... Aug 2023We present the rationale and design of a master protocol study that clarifies the effectiveness and safety of Chinese herbal formulas on -stagnation and blood-stasis...
Effectiveness and safety of Xuefu Zhuyu oral liquid on -stagnation and blood-stasis pattern in patients with stable angina, tension-type headache and primary dysmenorrhea: rationale and design of a master protocol.
We present the rationale and design of a master protocol study that clarifies the effectiveness and safety of Chinese herbal formulas on -stagnation and blood-stasis pattern (QBP). Three randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and real-world observational studies. Based on three registry cohorts of stable angina, tension-type headache and primary dysmenorrhea, patients with QBP will be enrolled in RCTs to receive either Xuefu Zhuyu (, XFZY) oral liquid or a placebo, while patients with non-QBP will be enrolled in the observational studies and experience follow-up. 1414 patients (RCTs: 574; observational studies: 840) will be recruited at seven centers in China over a 3-year period. The primary outcome is the visual analog scale of pain intensity. Adverse events will also be reported. The analysis will be undertaken separately in each sub-study, and then an overall analysis combining multiple subgroups will be performed to comprehensively investigate the effect of XFZY oral liquid. This study will provide high-quality evidence of XFZY oral liquid for QBP patients and show a paradigm of post-marketing evaluation of the effectiveness and safety for Chinese medicine following the notion of the pattern dominating different disease research models.
Topics: Female; Humans; Angina, Stable; Dysmenorrhea; Tension-Type Headache; Drugs, Chinese Herbal
PubMed: 37454268
DOI: 10.19852/j.cnki.jtcm.20230517.001 -
Obstetrics and Gynecology International 2023Dysmenorrhea is the most common gynecological problem affecting the majority of female students in the nursing profession today. They often experience severe pain that...
BACKGROUND
Dysmenorrhea is the most common gynecological problem affecting the majority of female students in the nursing profession today. They often experience severe pain that is not only incapacitating but also has a significant impact on their day-to-day college life, academic, and clinical performance.
AIM
This study was conducted to assess the prevalence, management, and impact of dysmenorrhea on the lives of nurse and midwife trainees in northern Ghana.
METHODS
A descriptive cross-sectional design with a quantitative approach to data collection was employed to collect data from nurse and midwife trainees in three colleges of nursing and/or midwifery in the northern region of Ghana. A proportionate stratified random sampling technique was used to recruit 303 respondents for the study. After gaining permission from various institutions, data were collected by using a structured questionnaire from 13 September to 28 October, 2022. Stata (special edition) for Windows version 17.0 was used for the statistical analyses.
RESULTS
The study revealed a high prevalence of dysmenorrhea among female nursing students (66.7% and 95% CI: 0.611-0.720). More than half of the respondents (67.3%) experienced loss of appetite for food. The most common site of most intense pain was the pelvis and lower abdomen (98.0%). A greater proportion of students (65.8%) used antispastic drugs to reduce pain. The respondents' concentration in the classroom was greatly affected (77.2%) as well as normal physical activities (58.4%). A multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that the odds of dysmenorrhea are 2.67 times higher when the duration of menstruation is 4-5 days (AOR = 1.82, 95% CI = 1.13-6.28, and = 0.024) than a duration of 1-3 days. Having urinary tract infections was associated with 3.56 times higher odds of dysmenorrhea (AOR = 3.56, 95% CI = 0.98-12.86, and = 0.053). Again, the odds of dysmenorrhea were also four times higher among respondents with a family history of the same condition (AOR = 4.05, 95% CI = 2.16-7.61, and = 0.001).
CONCLUSION
The current study revealed a high prevalence of dysmenorrhea among nurse and midwife trainees in the northern part of Ghana. The majority of the respondent experienced loss of appetite and intense pain in the pelvis and lower abdomen, and their concentration during lectures was also significantly affected. The most predominant nonpharmacological method used for reducing the pain was sleep and the application of warm objects on the abdomen.
PubMed: 37608871
DOI: 10.1155/2023/8823525 -
Journal of Medicine and Life Oct 2023Primary dysmenorrhea is the most commonly encountered menstrual issue among adolescents, often leading to significant school absenteeism. This study aimed to detect the...
Primary dysmenorrhea is the most commonly encountered menstrual issue among adolescents, often leading to significant school absenteeism. This study aimed to detect the impact of primary dysmenorrhea on adolescents' activities and school attendance. We conducted a cross-sectional comparative study involving 180 adolescents aged 12 to 18 who experienced primary dysmenorrhea. A comprehensive trans-abdominal pelvic sonography was performed to rule out any underlying pelvic conditions. The severity of dysmenorrhea was evaluated using the visual analog scale (VAS), categorizing adolescents into groups with mild dysmenorrhea (VAS ≥1 to ≤3), moderate dysmenorrhea (VAS >3 to ≤7), and severe dysmenorrhea (VAS >7 to ≤10). Adolescents were surveyed to determine whether the severity of dysmenorrhea had an adverse effect on their physical and social activities as well as their school attendance. We used one-way ANOVA to compare the groups. There was a significant positive relation between the severity of dysmenorrhea and its negative impact on adolescents' physical activities (r=0.395; p<0.00001) and social activities (r=0.658; p<0.00001). Additionally, there was a significant positive relation between the severity of dysmenorrhea and its negative impact on adolescents' school attendance (r=0.416; p<0.00001). The odds of a negative impact on adolescents' physical and social activities and school attendance were significantly higher in adolescents experiencing moderate and severe dysmenorrhea than in adolescents with mild dysmenorrhea.
Topics: Female; Adolescent; Humans; Dysmenorrhea; Cross-Sectional Studies; Schools; Absenteeism; Social Behavior
PubMed: 38313177
DOI: 10.25122/jml-2023-0247 -
Cureus Sep 2023Leiomyomas, or uterine fibroids, are growths consisting of muscle and tissue that develop in or on the uterine wall. The most frequent benign uterine tumours in women of... (Review)
Review
Leiomyomas, or uterine fibroids, are growths consisting of muscle and tissue that develop in or on the uterine wall. The most frequent benign uterine tumours in women of reproductive age are thought to be fibroids. Dysmenorrhea, spotting, hypermenorrhoea, abdominal pain, pressure on surrounding organs, and issues with micturition and defecation are among the symptoms that are often present. Fibroids can form as a single nodule or as a cluster. Uterine fibroids, especially large submucosal and intramural uterine fibroids, can cause obstacles to implantation and lead to pregnancy loss. Uterine fibroids can be treated without surgery and with little downtime using focused ultrasound. There is published research showing that women can conceive and have healthy children after therapy, thus protecting fertility. The ablation of uterine fibroids by high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) is successful since the volume of the fibroids is significantly reduced.
PubMed: 37809132
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.44680 -
BMC Women's Health Feb 2024Primary dysmenorrhea (PD) is an etiological cyclic pelvic pain related to the menstrual period; it can negatively impact women's quality of life and productivity. The...
BACKGROUND
Primary dysmenorrhea (PD) is an etiological cyclic pelvic pain related to the menstrual period; it can negatively impact women's quality of life and productivity. The aim of the present study was to estimate the prevalence of PD and analyze associated symptoms in Brazilian women.
METHODS
An online cross-sectional study was carried out in Brazil, with a structured questionnaire regarding dysmenorrhea and associated symptoms. PD intensity was measured with the Numerical Rating Scale for Pain and classified as mild (1-3), moderate (4-7) and severe (> 8). The association between qualitative variables was performed using Pearson's Chi-Square Test. The quantification of this association was measured using multinomial logistic regression models, with calculation of Odds Ratio and confidence interval. A significance level of 5% was considered.
RESULTS
A total of 10,070 women were included. Most participants classified PD intensity as moderate (40.4%, 41.9% and 49.7%) and severe (21.2%, 24.8% and 28.4%) in the previous month, 3 months and 5 years, respectively. The most common symptoms associated with PD were irritability, abdominal distension sensation, anxiety and feeling more emotional. The increased of the risk (OR > 1.0) for moderate and severe PD-related pain intensity is related to age, nulliparity and presence PD since adolescence.
CONCLUSION
There is a high prevalence of PD among Brazilian women, and the most common symptoms reported were irritability, abdominal distension sensation, anxiety and feeling more emotional.
Topics: Adolescent; Female; Humans; Dysmenorrhea; Cross-Sectional Studies; Prevalence; Pain Measurement; Quality of Life
PubMed: 38311716
DOI: 10.1186/s12905-023-02878-z -
Frontiers in Reproductive Health 2023Recent evidence shows that endometriosis, a significant cause of infertility, may already present in adolescents. Dysmenorrhea, often leading to school absences, is a...
INTRODUCTION
Recent evidence shows that endometriosis, a significant cause of infertility, may already present in adolescents. Dysmenorrhea, often leading to school absences, is a key symptom of the maturing menstrual cycle but also of endometriosis. However, it is often perceived as "normal" and left untreated. In adolescents, laparoscopy, the standard procedure to diagnose endometriosis, is performed particularly cautiously. To improve reproductive health in adolescents, we evaluate associations between early menstrual experiences and endometriosis.
METHODS
Retrospective data on early menstrual experiences from 563 women with surgically/histologically verified endometriosis and from 563 age-matched controls were compared. Study participants were recruited in Switzerland, Germany, and Austria. Information on menstrual experiences was collected via a structured questionnaire.
RESULTS
The bivariate analysis showed that early menarche ( = 0.004), dysmenorrhea and negative memories of menarche ( < 0.001) were significantly associated with a diagnosis of endometriosis. After controlling for confounders in bivariate regression analysis occurrence of dysmenorrhea ( = <0.001, OR 5,74, 95% CI 3.82-7.22) especially with onset >3 years after menarche (( = <0.001, OR 3.42, 95% CI 2.09-5.64) remained statistically significant predictors for diagnosis of endometriosis. Dysmenorrhea in mothers and mothers' perceived attitude towards menstruation were not associated with the occurrence of Endometriosis.
CONCLUSIONS
Dysmenorrhea and onset of dysmenorrhea at menarche or several years after it are strongly associated with the development of endometriosis. As mothers perceived attitudes towards menstruation show no significant association with their daughters' experiences, physical symptoms accompanying menarche and menstrual period pain in adolescents seem to be very reliable predictors in diagnosis of endometriosis. Therefore, dysmenorrhea in adolescents requires careful investigation of possible endometriosis, especially if it does not respond to medical management.
CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION
The study was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier (NCT02511626).
PubMed: 37693279
DOI: 10.3389/frph.2023.1121515 -
Journal of Pain Research 2023The global incidence of primary dysmenorrhea is continuously increasing, and understanding its research trends is crucial for effective pain management and women's...
PURPOSE
The global incidence of primary dysmenorrhea is continuously increasing, and understanding its research trends is crucial for effective pain management and women's health. Therefore, this study aims to perform a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of primary dysmenorrhea research to identify hotspots, explore emerging trends, and provide valuable insights for future research endeavors.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
All of the relevant studies on primary dysmenorrhea in the Web of Science™ Core Collection database were searched for bibliometric analysis. Biclustering analysis using gCLUTO software was performed to identify research hotspots. Social network analysis with Ucinet was employed to reveal knowledge structure. Evolutionary analysis using SciMAT was utilized to predict thematic trends.
RESULTS
A total of 903 papers were analyzed, indicating a gradual increase in research on primary dysmenorrhea in recent years, with the scope of research expanding and diversifying. We identified seven hotspots, three treatment nodes, and four thematic trends. Research hotspots focused on epidemiological studies, adolescent primary dysmenorrhea, drug and non-drug treatments. Within the realm of treatments, we have identified three treatment nodes: acupuncture, acupressure, and ibuprofen. The evolution of research has witnessed a shift from traditional epidemiological studies toward a more diverse research landscape. Adolescent primary dysmenorrhea is expected to remain a prominent research topic while dietary supplements and lifestyle are predicted to gain more attention. An emerging theme is the study of variation and polymorphism of circadian rhythm genes concerning primary dysmenorrhea.
CONCLUSION
This bibliometric analysis provides valuable insights into the current state of research on primary dysmenorrhea, offering a clearer understanding of the field's landscape. The identified hotspots, knowledge structure, and thematic trends can serve as valuable references for future investigations in this area. The research holds significant scientific importance and innovative value in elucidating the mechanisms of primary dysmenorrhea and finding more effective treatment approaches.
PubMed: 37915863
DOI: 10.2147/JPR.S435236 -
BMC Cancer Dec 2023The main aim of this study was to establish the clinicopathological and prognostic correlations between endometriosis-associated and non-endometriosis-associated primary...
BACKGROUND
The main aim of this study was to establish the clinicopathological and prognostic correlations between endometriosis-associated and non-endometriosis-associated primary ovarian cancer, with a view to providing a reference guide for revision of diagnostic criteria for malignant transformation of endometriosis.
METHODS
Clinicopathological and follow-up data of 174 patients with clear cell and endometrial ovarian cancer were retrospectively extracted. Cases were divided into endometriosis-associated and non-endometriosis-associated primary ovarian cancer for comparative analysis of clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis.
RESULTS
Average age and post-menopausal rate in the endometriosis-associated ovarian cancer group were lower relative to the primary ovarian cancer group (P < 0.05). Body mass index, age at menopause, operation history, dysmenorrhea, complications, tumor size, tumor side, ascites, CA125, HE4, CA19.9, stage, differentiation, expression of ER, PR, P53, P16, Ki67, MMR, HNF-1β and Napsin A were not significantly different between the groups (P > 0.05). Furthermore, rates of resistance to platinum chemotherapy, relapse, progression-free survival and overall survival were comparable between the two groups (P > 0.05).
CONCLUSION
Endometriosis-associated and primary ovarian cancers of the same pathological type are speculated to be homologous in terms of origin from malignant transformation of endometriosis. It may therefore be necessary to revise the diagnostic criteria for ovarian endometriosis malignancy.
Topics: Humans; Female; Prognosis; Endometriosis; Retrospective Studies; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Ovarian Neoplasms; Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell
PubMed: 38066448
DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-11641-4