-
Cureus Aug 2023Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is a complex disorder that refers to different hip problems, ranging from neonatal instability to acetabular or femoral... (Review)
Review
Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is a complex disorder that refers to different hip problems, ranging from neonatal instability to acetabular or femoral dysplasia, hip subluxation, and hip dislocation. It may result in structural modifications, which may lead to early coxarthrosis. Despite identifying the risk factors, the exact aetiology and pathophysiology are still unclear. Neonatal screening, along with physical examination and ultrasound, is critical for the early diagnosis of DDH to prevent the occurrence of early coxarthrosis. This review summarizes the currently practised strategies for the detection and treatment of DDH, focusing particularly on current practices for managing residual acetabular dysplasia (AD). AD may persist even after a successful hip reduction. Pelvic osteotomy is required in cases of persistent AD. It could also be undertaken simultaneously with an open hip reduction. Evaluation of the residual dysplasia (RD) of the hip and its management is still a highly active area of discussion. Recent research has opened the door to discussion on this issue and suggested treatment options for AD. But there is still room for more research to assist in managing AD.
PubMed: 37692580
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.43207 -
Ugeskrift For Laeger Jul 2023Immunocompromised women are at increased risk of having HPV detected and developing HPV-related diseases such as genital warts, anogenital dysplasia, and cancer. This... (Review)
Review
Immunocompromised women are at increased risk of having HPV detected and developing HPV-related diseases such as genital warts, anogenital dysplasia, and cancer. This review aims to summarize the current literature regarding the immunogenicity of the HPV vaccine in immunocompromised women and to discuss whether HPV vaccination may be able to reduce the risk of cervical dysplasia and cancer. HPV vaccination induces an immune response in these women; however, it is unknown whether vaccination is effective in reducing the risk of cervical dysplasia and cancer. Further research is needed.
Topics: Humans; Female; Papillomavirus Infections; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms; Condylomata Acuminata; Uterine Cervical Dysplasia; Papillomavirus Vaccines; Vaccination
PubMed: 37539796
DOI: No ID Found -
Modern Pathology : An Official Journal... Jul 2023The diagnosis of oral epithelial dysplasia is based on the degree of architectural and cytologic atypia in the squamous epithelium. The conventional grading system of...
The diagnosis of oral epithelial dysplasia is based on the degree of architectural and cytologic atypia in the squamous epithelium. The conventional grading system of mild, moderate, and severe dysplasia is considered by many the gold standard in predicting the risk of malignant transformation. Unfortunately, some low-grade lesions, with or without dysplasia, progress to squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in short periods. As a result, we are proposing a new approach to characterize oral dysplastic lesions that will help identify lesions at high risk for malignant transformation. We included a total of 203 cases of oral epithelial dysplasia, proliferative verrucous leukoplakia, lichenoid, and commonly observed mucosal reactive lesions to evaluate their p53 immunohistochemical (IHC) staining patterns. We identified 4 wild-type patterns, including scattered basal, patchy basal/parabasal, null-like/basal sparing, mid-epithelial/basal sparing, and 3 abnormal p53 patterns, including overexpression basal/parabasal only, overexpression basal/parabasal to diffuse, and null. All cases of lichenoid and reactive lesions exhibited scattered basal or patchy basal/parabasal patterns, whereas human papillomavirus-associated oral epithelial dysplasia demonstrated null-like/basal sparing or mid-epithelial/basal sparing patterns. Of the oral epithelial dysplasia cases, 42.5% (51/120) demonstrated an abnormal p53 IHC pattern. p53 abnormal oral epithelial dysplasia was significantly more likely to progress to invasive SCC when compared to p53 wild-type oral epithelial dysplasia (21.6% vs 0%, P < .0001). Furthermore, p53 abnormal oral epithelial dysplasia was more likely to have dyskeratosis and/or acantholysis (98.0% vs 43.5%, P < .0001). We propose the term p53 abnormal oral epithelial dysplasia to highlight the importance of utilizing p53 IHC stain to recognize lesions that are at high risk of progression to invasive disease, irrespective of the histologic grade, and propose that these lesions should not be graded using the conventional grading system to avoid delayed management.
Topics: Humans; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; Mouth Neoplasms; Immunohistochemistry; Leukoplakia, Oral; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Hyperplasia; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic
PubMed: 36906072
DOI: 10.1016/j.modpat.2023.100153 -
Seminars in Perinatology Oct 2023Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a multifactorial disease with many associated co-morbidities, responsible for most cases of chronic lung disease in childhood. The... (Review)
Review
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a multifactorial disease with many associated co-morbidities, responsible for most cases of chronic lung disease in childhood. The use of imaging exams is pivotal for the clinical care of BPD and the identification of candidates for experimental therapies and a closer follow-up. Imaging is also useful to improve communication with the family and objectively evaluate the clinical evolution of the patient's disease. BPD imaging has been classically performed using only chest X-rays, but several modern techniques are currently available, such as lung ultrasound, thoracic tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and electrical impedance tomography. These techniques are more accurate and provide clinically meaningful information. We reviewed the most recent evidence published in the last five years regarding these techniques and analyzed their advantages and disadvantages.
Topics: Infant, Newborn; Humans; Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia; Lung; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Thorax
PubMed: 37775364
DOI: 10.1016/j.semperi.2023.151812