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The New England Journal of Medicine Apr 2024
Review
Topics: Humans; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage; Male; Middle Aged; Aneurysm, Ruptured; Intracranial Aneurysm; Prosthesis Implantation; Stents; Aspirin; Clopidogrel; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; Shock, Hemorrhagic; Diverticulum; Jejunum
PubMed: 38647094
DOI: 10.1056/NEJMicm2312626 -
Revista Espanola de Enfermedades... Mar 2024A 7-year-old girl, coming from a rural area in Cameroon, presented to the emergency department with a 3-months history of abdominal pain. Her family also reported...
A 7-year-old girl, coming from a rural area in Cameroon, presented to the emergency department with a 3-months history of abdominal pain. Her family also reported vomiting and minimal food intake for two weeks. Physical examination showed a palpable and mobile abdominal mass. An ultrasound showed a large intrabdominal multicystic lesion of about 10cm, close to the intestine and with no solid lesions in other organs. A laparotomy was scheduled and a mobile mass dependent on the jejunum was found. The mass caused an intestinal obstruction and was composed of several large cysts with whitish fluid. Excision of the mass and resection of a short segment of small bowel were performed. Intestinal cystic lymphangioma is a rare congenital malformation that normally presents with abdominal pain and distension. Abdominal ultrasonography is the procedure of choice for the diagnosis. Intestinal resection and anastomosis (while the cyst is normally intimate attached to the bowel) is an effective treatment.
PubMed: 38450492
DOI: 10.17235/reed.2024.10329/2024 -
Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2023Temozolomide (TMZ) induces intestinal mucosa injury that cannot be fully counteracted by supportive treatment. Probiotics regulate gut microbial composition and the host...
INTRODUCTION
Temozolomide (TMZ) induces intestinal mucosa injury that cannot be fully counteracted by supportive treatment. Probiotics regulate gut microbial composition and the host immune system and may alleviate this side effect. We aimed to investigate the potential and mechanism of GG (LGG) in relieving intestinal mucosal injury induced by TMZ.
METHODS
Glioblastoma mice were divided into four groups: CON (control), LGG (10 CFU/mL, treated for 7 days), TMZ (50 mg/kg·d, treated for 5 days), LGG+TMZ (LGG for 7 days and TMZ subsequently for 5 days). Body weight, food intake, and fecal pH were recorded. Intestinal tissue samples were collected 1 day after the end of TMZ treatment. Degree of damage to intestine, expression of IL1β, IL6, TNFα, and IL10 in jejunum were determined. Levels of tight-junction proteins (ZO1, occludin), TLR4, IKKβ, IκBα, and P65 with their phosphorylation in jejunum were measured.
RESULTS
Decreases in body weight, food intake, spleen index in the TMZ group were mitigated in the LGG+TMZ group, and the degree of intestinal shortening and damage to jejunum villus were also alleviated. The expression of tight-junction proteins in the LGG+TMZ group was significantly greater than that in the TMZ group. IκBα in intestinal tissue significantly decreased in the TMZ group, phos-IKKβ and phos-P65 increased compared to the CON group, and LGG reversed such changes in IκBα and phos-P65 in the LGG+TMZ group. Intestinal inflammatory cytokines were significantly increased in the TMZ group, but lower in the LGG+TMZ group. Moreover, expression of TLR4 in LGG group was significantly lower than that in the CON group. LGG inhibited the rise of TLR4 after TMZ in the LGG+TMZ group compared to the TMZ group.
CONCLUSION
LGG inhibits the activation of the TLR4-NFκB pathway and alleviates intestinal mucosal inflammation induced by TMZ, thereby protect the jejunum villi and mucosal physical barrier.
Topics: Animals; Mice; Toll-Like Receptor 4; NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha; I-kappa B Kinase; Intestinal Mucosa; Probiotics; Signal Transduction; Tight Junction Proteins
PubMed: 37521036
DOI: 10.2147/DDDT.S403087 -
The American Surgeon Sep 2023Gastrostomy tubes are often placed in patients with poor voluntary intake, oropharyngeal dysphagia, or chronic illness to provide definitive nutritional access. Despite...
Gastrostomy tubes are often placed in patients with poor voluntary intake, oropharyngeal dysphagia, or chronic illness to provide definitive nutritional access. Despite the widespread use of gastrostomy tubes, some patients can experience complications associated with this procedure including gastrocolic-cutaneous fistula and dislodgement of gastrostomy tube. This case discusses an instance of gastrojejunal fistula formation over one year after gastrostomy tube placement likely due to tube dislodgement. Imaging showed gastrostomy tube traversing the posterior wall of the stomach and creating a fistula into the jejunum, with the balloon inflated within the jejunum. Gastrostomy tube was removed and replaced, with gastrostomy tube study showing no extravasation of contrast. Patient is now doing well-tolerating tube feeds at goal.
Topics: Humans; Gastrostomy; Intubation, Gastrointestinal; Enteral Nutrition; Gastric Fistula; Stomach; Intestinal Fistula; Colonic Diseases; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 37969090
DOI: 10.1177/00031348231157890 -
Nature Cell Biology Feb 2024A key aspect of nutrient absorption is the exquisite division of labour across the length of the small intestine, with individual nutrients taken up at different...
A key aspect of nutrient absorption is the exquisite division of labour across the length of the small intestine, with individual nutrients taken up at different proximal:distal positions. For millennia, the small intestine was thought to comprise three segments with indefinite borders: the duodenum, jejunum and ileum. By examining the fine-scale longitudinal transcriptional patterns that span the mouse and human small intestine, we instead identified five domains of nutrient absorption that mount distinct responses to dietary changes, and three regional stem cell populations. Molecular domain identity can be detected with machine learning, which provides a systematic method to computationally identify intestinal domains in mice. We generated a predictive model of transcriptional control of domain identity and validated the roles of Ppar-δ and Cdx1 in patterning lipid metabolism-associated genes. These findings represent a foundational framework for the zonation of absorption across the mammalian small intestine.
Topics: Humans; Mice; Animals; Intestine, Small; Duodenum; Intestines; Jejunum; Ileum; Mammals
PubMed: 38321203
DOI: 10.1038/s41556-023-01337-z -
International Journal of Molecular... May 2024This work aimed to study the effect of repeated exposure to low doses of ozone on alpha-synuclein and the inflammatory response in the , jejunum, and colon. Seventy-two...
This work aimed to study the effect of repeated exposure to low doses of ozone on alpha-synuclein and the inflammatory response in the , jejunum, and colon. Seventy-two male Wistar rats were divided into six groups. Each group received one of the following treatments: The control group was exposed to air. The ozone groups were exposed for 7, 15, 30, 60, and 90 days for 0.25 ppm for four hours daily. Afterward, they were anesthetized, and their tissues were extracted and processed using Western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and qPCR. The results indicated a significant increase in alpha-synuclein in the and jejunum from 7 to 60 days of exposure and an increase in NFκB from 7 to 90 days in the , while in the jejunum, a significant increase was observed at 7 and 15 days and a decrease at 60 and 90 days for the colon. Interleukin IL-17 showed an increase at 90 days in the in the jejunum and increases at 30 days and in the colon at 15 and 90 days. Exposure to ozone increases the presence of alpha-synuclein and induces the loss of regulation of the inflammatory response, which contributes significantly to degenerative processes.
Topics: Animals; alpha-Synuclein; Ozone; Jejunum; Male; Rats; Colon; Substantia Nigra; Rats, Wistar; Inflammation; NF-kappa B; Interleukin-17
PubMed: 38791561
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105526