-
Animals : An Open Access Journal From... Oct 2023In this study, a morphometric analysis of morphological changes in the layers of the small intestine (duodenum and jejunum) and liver occurring during the hatching...
In this study, a morphometric analysis of morphological changes in the layers of the small intestine (duodenum and jejunum) and liver occurring during the hatching period (week 0) and postnatal development (weeks 1, 3, 6, and 8) was performed in geese. For this purpose, the staining of samples obtained from tissues collected from geese after culling was carried out. Staining was performed using the Goldner method to visualize all layers of the intestine for morphometric measurements. Our analysis focused mainly on traits such as the thickness of the mucosal, submucosal, and muscular layers, as well as traits related to intestinal absorption, such as the height and width of intestinal villi and crypts. Additionally, we also took into account the number of mononuclear and binucleate hepatocytes and other cells present in the liver. After analyzing the results, an increase in most traits was found during the development of the animals, with slight differences between the sections of the duodenum and jejunum. An interesting phenomenon was also noticed-the greatest increase in most traits was observed between the 3rd and 6th week of life, which coincides with the time of feed change. We hope that our work will highlight how important the digestive system is for birds because research on this topic is limited.
PubMed: 37894016
DOI: 10.3390/ani13203292 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2023Interferon regulatory factor 8 () is a key regulator of innate immune receptor signaling that resists pathogen invasion by regulating cell growth and differentiation....
Interferon regulatory factor 8 () is a key regulator of innate immune receptor signaling that resists pathogen invasion by regulating cell growth and differentiation. Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) targets the intestine and damages the mucosal barrier. However, whether regulates PEDV replication remains unclear. We revealed that PEDV infection activated expression. Moreover, deletion drastically promoted PEDV replication and invasion, increasing the virus copies and titers. Hypomethylation enrichment of activating protein (AP)-2α was significantly negatively correlated with high expression, and AP-2α directly targeted the promoter to regulate PEDV replication. Furthermore, overexpression decreased the cellular reactive oxygen species levels and mitochondrial membrane potential and increased the antioxidant enzyme activities to alleviate PEDV-induced oxidative damage. overexpression suppressed apoptotic gene expression, thereby inhibiting apoptosis in response to PEDV stimulation. Taken together, this study demonstrates that AP-2α is involved in PEDV-induced epigenetic modification of to reduce cell apoptosis and oxidative stress and facilitate host resistance to PEDV in the intestinal epithelium.
Topics: Swine; Animals; Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus; Jejunum; Interferon Regulatory Factors; Apoptosis
PubMed: 37593742
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1187144 -
Animals : An Open Access Journal From... Oct 2023This work aimed to evaluate the gene expression of amino acids (AA) and fatty acids (FA) sensors in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of chickens at two different ages (7...
This work aimed to evaluate the gene expression of amino acids (AA) and fatty acids (FA) sensors in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of chickens at two different ages (7 and 26 days post-hatch). Sixteen broilers (Ross 308) were selected, and ten sections of the GIT, including upper (tongue base, upper palate, crop, proventriculus), middle (gizzard, duodenum, jejunum, ileum), and lower GIT section (cecum, colon) were collected for analysis. Relative gene expression of AA (T1R1, T1R3, mGluR1, mGluR4, CaSR, GPR139, GPRC6A, GPR92) and FA (FFAR2, FFAR3, FFAR4) sensors were assessed using qPCR. The statistical model included age, GIT section, and gene. In addition, the correlations between gene expressions were calculated. At day 7, a significantly ( = 0.004) higher expression of AA sensors in the oral cavity and FA sensors in the lower GIT section (i.e., cecum and colon) compared to the middle section was recorded. A higher expression of AA compared to FA sensors was detected at the upper GIT section in 7 ( < 0.001) and 26-day-old chickens ( = 0.026). Thus, at day 7, AA sensors were predominantly ( < 0.05) expressed in the upper GIT section (mainly oral cavity), while FA sensors were mainly expressed in the lower GIT section, at cecum (FFR2 and 4) or colon (FFAR3). These results may indicate that in early life, both ends of the GIT are fundamental for feed intake (oral cavity) and development of the microbiota (cecum and colon). In contrast, at 26 days of age, the results showed the emergence of both AA and FA sensors in the jejunum, presumably indicating the essential role of the jejunum in the digestion absorption of nutrients and the signaling to the brain (gut-brain axis) through the enteroendocrine system. Significant positive correlations were observed between T1R1 and T1R3 (r = 0.85, < 0.001), CaSR and T1R1 (r = 0.78, < 0.001), CaSR and T1R3 (r = 0.45, < 0.050), and mGluR1 and FFAR3 (r = 0.46, < 0.050). It is concluded that the gene expression is greater in the oral cavity for AA sensors and the lower gut for FA sensors. On day 26, the role of jejunum regarding nutrient sensing is highlighted.
PubMed: 37835726
DOI: 10.3390/ani13193120 -
BioFactors (Oxford, England) 2024There is limited knowledge about the factors that drive gut-liver axis changes after selenium (Se) deficiency-induced gut or liver injuries. Thus, we tested Se...
There is limited knowledge about the factors that drive gut-liver axis changes after selenium (Se) deficiency-induced gut or liver injuries. Thus, we tested Se deficiency in mice to determine its effects on intestinal bacterial balance and whether it induced liver injury. Serum Se concentration, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) level, and liver injury biomarkers were tested using a biochemical method, while pathological changes in the liver and jejunum were observed via hematoxylin and eosin stain, and a fluorescence spectrophotometer was used to evaluate intestinal permeability. Tight junction (TJ)-related and toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling-related pathway genes and proteins were tested using quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid gene-targeted sequencing of jejunum microorganisms. Se deficiency significantly decreased glutathione peroxidase activity and disrupted the intestinal flora, with the most significant effect being a decrease in Lactobacillus reuteri. The expression of TJ-related genes and proteins decreased significantly with increased treatment time, whereas supplementation with Se, fecal microbiota transplantation, or L. reuteri reversed these decreases. Signs of liver injury and LPS content were significantly increased after intestinal flora imbalance or jejunum injury, and the levels of TLR signaling-related genes were significantly increased. The results indicated that Se deficiency disrupted the microbiota balance, decreased the expression of intestinal TJ factors, and increased intestinal permeability. By contrast, LPS increased due to a bacterial imbalance, which may induce inflammatory liver injury via the TLR4 signaling pathway.
Topics: Mice; Animals; Lipopolysaccharides; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Selenium; Toll-Like Receptor 4; Hepatitis; Inflammation; NF-kappa B
PubMed: 37676478
DOI: 10.1002/biof.2006 -
European Journal of Pediatric Surgery :... Aug 2023To evaluate the outcomes of jejunal turnover and bowel plication (JTBP) in high jejunal atresia of neonates.
INTRODUCTION
To evaluate the outcomes of jejunal turnover and bowel plication (JTBP) in high jejunal atresia of neonates.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The clinical data of neonates met the criteria were retrospectively analyzed from January 2012 to December 2021.The neonates were divided into the JTBP group and control group according to the surgical procedure.Demographics, postoperative morphology of the duodenum and proximal jejunum,intestinal recovery time and complications were compared.
RESULTS
75 patients were allocated to the JTBP (n=30) and control (n=45) groups, respectively. There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of gestational age, birth weight, age at surgery,the pathological classification,and concomitant disease. UGCS showed that the diameter of the proximal bowel of the anastomotic stoma was normal and the duodenum and proximal jejunumin streamline shape in the JTBP group.While the duodenum dilated, and the shape of Trojan angle was classified into sharp angle and blunt round angle in the control group.The duration of total parenteral nutrition, postoperative oral feeding time and oral feeding time of 40 mL/3 h was significantly different between the JTBP group and control group(sharp and blunt round type): 9.0±3.5d,7.0±2.1d and 11.0±6.0d vs 16.9±4.2 d, 14.0±5.0 d and 19.0±7.4 d vs 11.9±8.3 d, 8.2±3.9d and 15.8±3.6d(P<0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
JTBP for neonatal high jejunal atresia can significantly change the diameter of the proximal bowel and the course of duodenum jejunum flexure. Postoperative bowel movement was more in line with fluid dynamics, which was conducive to the recovery of the intestinal function and resulted in fewer complications.
PubMed: 37591256
DOI: 10.1055/a-2155-7781 -
Cureus Feb 2024Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are considered the most common mesenchymal tumors of the digestive system. However, they make up less than 1% of all GI tumors....
Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are considered the most common mesenchymal tumors of the digestive system. However, they make up less than 1% of all GI tumors. GISTs arise from the interstitial cells of Cajal and are commonly found in the stomach and small intestine, and rarely in the colon and esophagus. In this case report, we present a 57-year-old male, a known diabetic, who complained of abdominal pain. He was diagnosed with cholelithiasis and a GIST in the jejunum, which was managed laparoscopically without complications. Most of the time, patients with GIST present with vague symptoms, or sometimes, they are asymptomatic. The most common symptoms are abdominal pain, GI bleeding, and an abdominal mass. These symptoms are usually related to the site of tumor growth, tumor size, and tumor rupture or perforation. Regardless of the tumor location, surgical excision is the gold standard for treating GISTs.
PubMed: 38343699
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.53977 -
Journal of Laparoendoscopic & Advanced... Jan 2024Sleeve gastrectomy with jejunal bypass (SGJB) has been used as a bariatric/metabolic procedure since 2003, in the search for a simpler than other standard techniques... (Review)
Review
Sleeve gastrectomy with jejunal bypass (SGJB) has been used as a bariatric/metabolic procedure since 2003, in the search for a simpler than other standard techniques and as effective as them. The jejunal-ileal anastomosis can deliver food directly to the hindgut where incretins are secreted. This procedure has gained popularity around the globe and has been studied in rat models as in humans, especially in South America and Asia. In this review, we present the details of the original surgical technique SGJB, summarized all the publications of the procedure, discuss possible advantages and disadvantages, and provide scientific information to look for the real place between bariatric/metabolic procedures. With 20 years of experience performing the original SGJB, the authors present the details of the procedure. The SGJB consists of a traditional sleeve with the addition of a jejunal bypass. The jejunum is transected 20-30 cm distally to the ligament of Treitz. Then, the biliopancreatic limb is anastomosed to restore transit 250-300 cm distal to the jejunum transection. This way, the ileum gets in contact with partially digested food with the subsequent production of incretins. In this article, we describe the original Alamo technique of SGJB. It is important to clarify the technical details since many publications have presented different lengths of the defunctionalized jejunal limb. Also, the SGJB has been categorized in the "sleeve plus" procedures and its promising outcomes should rapidly position it as an alternative metabolic surgery.
Topics: Humans; Animals; Rats; Jejunum; Obesity, Morbid; Incretins; Bariatric Surgery; Gastrectomy; Gastric Bypass
PubMed: 38100311
DOI: 10.1089/lap.2023.0319 -
Surgical Oncology Clinics of North... Jul 2024The reconstruction of the esophagus after esophagectomy presents many technical and management challenges to surgeons. An effective gastrointestinal conduit that... (Review)
Review
The reconstruction of the esophagus after esophagectomy presents many technical and management challenges to surgeons. An effective gastrointestinal conduit that replaces the resected esophagus must have adequate length to reach the upper thoracic space or the neck, have robust vascular perfusion, and provide sufficient function for an adequate swallowing mechanism. The stomach is currently the preferred conduit for esophageal reconstruction after esophagectomy. However, there are circumstances, where the stomach cannot be utilized as a conduit. In these cases, an alternative conduit must be considered. The current alternative conduits include colon, jejunum, and tubed skin flaps.
Topics: Humans; Esophageal Neoplasms; Esophagectomy; Plastic Surgery Procedures; Surgical Flaps; Anastomosis, Surgical
PubMed: 38789197
DOI: 10.1016/j.soc.2024.01.001 -
World Journal of Gastrointestinal... Apr 2024The pancreatic development variations are relatively frequent but are often overlooked in clinical practice. This is due to the fact that they do not present with a...
The pancreatic development variations are relatively frequent but are often overlooked in clinical practice. This is due to the fact that they do not present with a distinct clinical picture and are usually asymptomatic. It also refers to the ectopic pancreatic tissue in the stomach. This anomaly can be diagnosed in any part of the digestive system, but it is mostly seen in the upper gastrointestinal tract, especially in the stomach, duodenum and jejunum. The management of this condition has evolved due to the development of minimally invasive procedures.
PubMed: 38690036
DOI: 10.4240/wjgs.v16.i4.1215 -
Poultry Science Nov 2023Melissa officinalis (lemon balm) has a long history of being used in traditional medicine for the treatment of gastrointestinal tract disorders in human thanks to its...
Melissa officinalis (lemon balm) has a long history of being used in traditional medicine for the treatment of gastrointestinal tract disorders in human thanks to its spasmolytic and stress reducing effects. These pharmacological properties have been confirmed in laboratory animals. Unfortunately, in the case of veterinary medicine, the effect of lemon balm on gut contractility has been never subjected to a detailed investigation. On the other hand, there is urgent need of new drugs that could be safely used in animals for both, causative and symptomatic treatment. In broiler chicken, one of the major health concerns includes gastrointestinal disorders with gut hypermotility. Thus, it is crucial to verify the potential utility of Melissa officinalis extract in gastrointestinal dysmotilities. The aim of the study was to analyze the effect of lemon balm extract and some of its active ingredients on chicken intestine motility. The study was performed on isolated proximal and distal jejunum preparations collected from broiler chicken which underwent routine slaughter procedure. The effect of lemon balm and 3 phenolic acids (rosmarinic, chlorogenic, and lithospermic) was verified under isometric conditions, toward spontaneous and acetylcholine (ACh)-induced smooth muscle activity. Surprisingly, M. officinalis turned out to be rather a myocontractile agent as it increased ACh-provoked contractility of proximal and distal jejunum strips and also intensified the spontaneous activity of distal jejunum. Only in the case of proximal intestine lemon balm extract diminished the force of spontaneous motoric activity up to approx. Sixty-seven percent of the control conditions. None of the tested phenolic acids displayed analog effect with the whole plant extract. In fact in the case of ACh-induced contractility, the acids had the opposite, that is, myorelaxant, effect than the extract, with a small exception of lithospermic acid in distal jejunum. Thus, it is impossible to assign one or more individual constituents to the effect of the whole Melissa officinalis extract. The obtained results do not support the use of lemon balm extract in broiler diseases which are accompanied by gut motility disturbances, including diarrhea.
PubMed: 37769497
DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103045