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Environmental Pollution (Barking, Essex... Oct 2023The effect of the molybdenum disulfide (MoS)/levofloxacin (LVF) co-exposure was explored on Phragmites communis and rhizosphere soil bacterial communities. The sequence...
The effect of the molybdenum disulfide (MoS)/levofloxacin (LVF) co-exposure was explored on Phragmites communis and rhizosphere soil bacterial communities. The sequence of MoS/LVF exposure and the different MoS dosages (10 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg) contributed to different degrees of effect on the plant after 42 days of exposure. The treatment with priority addition of low dosage MoS significantly ameliorated P. communis growth, with root length growing up to 532.22 ± 46.29 cm compared to the sole LVF stress (200.04 ± 29.13 cm). Besides, MoS served as an alleviator and reduced the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in P. communis under LVF stress, and activated bacteria in rhizosphere soil. These rhizosphere soil microbes assisted in mitigating toxic pollution in the soil and inducing plant resistance to external stress, such as bacteria genera Bacillus, Microbacterium, Flavihumibacter and altererythrobacter. Potential functional profiling of bacterial community indicated the addition of MoS contributed to relieve the reduction in functional genes associated with amino acid metabolism and the debilitation of gram_negative and aerobic phenotypic traits caused by LVF stress. This finding reveals the effect of different exposure sequences of MoS nanoparticles and antibiotic for plant-soil systems.
Topics: Molybdenum; Rhizosphere; Levofloxacin; Poaceae; Bacteria; Soil; Plants; Soil Microbiology
PubMed: 37506800
DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122273 -
Journal of Ethnopharmacology Feb 2024Maxing Shigan Decoction (MXSG) is a traditional Chinese Medicine effectively used in respiratory infections and bacterial pneumonia. However, the mechanism of MXSG...
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE
Maxing Shigan Decoction (MXSG) is a traditional Chinese Medicine effectively used in respiratory infections and bacterial pneumonia. However, the mechanism of MXSG treating acute Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) pneumonia is still unclear.
AIM OF THE STUDY
This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of MXSG on acute P. aeruginosa pneumonia and explore its potential mechanisms.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
HPLC-MS analysis was performed to analyze the chemical composition. Antibacterial effects in vitro were evaluated by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Forty-five male BALB/c mice were divided into control group, model group, levofloxacin group, MXSG-L (7.7 g/kg/d), and MXSG-H group (15.4 g/kg/d). Mice were intranasal instillation with P. aeruginosa to induce acute P. aeruginosa pneumonia model. Levofloxacin and MXSG were administered by oral gavage once a day. After 3 days of treatment, the lung index measurement, micro-CT, arterial blood gas analysis, bacteria load determination, and HE staining were performed. Network pharmacological analysis and transcriptome sequencing were employed to predict the potential mechanisms of MXSG on bacterial pneumonia. The expressions of relating genes were detected by immunofluorescence, Western blot, and RT-PCR.
RESULTS
In vitro, MIC of P. aeruginosa is greater than 500 mg/mL. In the treatment of acute P. aeruginosa pneumonia model, MXSG significantly improved body weight loss, lung index, and pulmonary lesions. MXSG treatment also reduced the bacterial load and ameliorated oxygen saturation significantly. Transcriptomes, immunofluorescence, Western blot, and RT-PCR analysis showed MXSG treating acute P. aeruginosa pneumonia through the IL-17 signaling pathway and HIF-1α/IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway.
CONCLUSIONS
We demonstrated the efficacy and mechanism of MXSG in the treatment of acute P. aeruginosa pneumonia, which provides a scientific basis for its clinical application.
Topics: Male; Mice; Animals; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Levofloxacin; Lung; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Pneumonia, Bacterial
PubMed: 37984543
DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117424 -
Journal of Controlled Release :... Sep 20234D printing has a great potential for the manufacturing of soft robotics and medical devices. The alliance of digital light processing (DLP) 3D printing and novel...
4D printing has a great potential for the manufacturing of soft robotics and medical devices. The alliance of digital light processing (DLP) 3D printing and novel shape-memory photopolymers allows for the fabrication of smart 4D-printed medical devices in high resolution and with tailorable functionalities. However, most of the reported 4D-printed materials are nondegradable, which limits their clinical applications. On the other hand, 4D printing of biodegradable shape-memory elastomers is highly challenging, especially when transition points close to physiological temperature and shape fixation under ambient conditions are required. Here, we report the 4D printing of biodegradable shape-memory elastomers with tailorable transition points covering physiological temperature, by using poly(D,L-lactide-co-trimethylene carbonate) methacrylates at various monomer feed ratios. After the programming step, the high-resolution DLP printed stents preserved their folded shape at room temperature, and showed efficient shape recovery at 37 °C. The materials were cytocompatible and readily degradable under physiological conditions. Furthermore, drug-loaded devices with tuneable release kinetics were realized by DLP-printing with resins containing polymers and levofloxacin or nintedanib. This study offers a new perspective for the development of next-generation 4D-printed medical devices.
Topics: Elastomers; Temperature; Polymers; Kinetics; Printing, Three-Dimensional
PubMed: 37532144
DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.07.053 -
BMC Infectious Diseases Aug 2023Ralstonia is a genus of Gram-negative opportunistic bacteria that can survive in many kinds of solutions and cause a variety of infections. Ralstonia spp. have... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Ralstonia is a genus of Gram-negative opportunistic bacteria that can survive in many kinds of solutions and cause a variety of infections. Ralstonia spp. have increasingly been isolated and reported to cause infections in recent years, thanks to the development of identification methods such as matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and gene sequencing. However, infections caused by Ralstonia insidiosa are still rare. Only a few cases of respiratory infections and bloodstream infections have been reported, none of which involved meningitis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of meningitis caused by R. insidiosa worldwide. It is necessary to report and review this case.
CASE PRESENTATION
We report a case of meningitis caused by R. insidiosa following lumbar surgery in China. The patient exhibited symptoms of headache, dizziness, and recurrent fever. The fever remained unresolved after empiric antibiotic therapy with intravenous cefotaxime and vancomycin in the initial days. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) culture yielded Gram-negative non-fermentative bacteria, which were identified as R. insidiosa. As there was a lack of antibiotic susceptibility testing results, clinical pharmacists conducted a literature review to select appropriate antibiotics. The patient's condition improved after receiving effective treatment with intravenous cefepime and levofloxacin.
CONCLUSIONS
Uncommon pathogens, such as R. insidiosa, should be considered in postoperative central nervous system (CNS) infections, particularly in cases with unsatisfactory results of empiric anti-infective therapy. This is the first reported case of meningitis caused by R. insidiosa worldwide. MALDI-TOF MS provides rapid and accurate identification of this pathogen. The antibiotic susceptibility testing results of R. indiosa may be interpreted based on the breakpoints for Pseudomonas spp., Burkholderia cepacia spp., and Acinetobacter spp. Our case presents a potential option for empiric therapy against this pathogen, at least in the local area. This is crucial to minimize the severity and mortality rates associated with meningitis. Standardized antibiotic susceptibility testing and breakpoints for the Ralstonia genus should be established in the future as cases accumulate. Cefepime and levofloxacin may be potential antibiotics for infections caused by R. indiosa.
Topics: Humans; Cefepime; Levofloxacin; Ralstonia; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Meningitis
PubMed: 37608277
DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08506-3 -
International Journal of Biological... Dec 2023Levofloxacin (HLVX), a quinolone antimicrobial agent, when deprotonated (LVX) behaves as a bidentate ligand, and it coordinates to Co through the pyridone oxygen and the...
Refashioning of the drug-properties of fluoroquinolone through the synthesis of a levofloxacin-imidazole cobalt (II) complex and its interaction studies on with DNA and BSA biopolymers, antimicrobial and cytotoxic studies on breast cancer cell lines.
Levofloxacin (HLVX), a quinolone antimicrobial agent, when deprotonated (LVX) behaves as a bidentate ligand, and it coordinates to Co through the pyridone oxygen and the carboxylate oxygen. Along with two imidazole (ImH) ligands, levofloxacin forms a Co(II)-Levofloxacin-imidazole complex, [CoCl(LVX)(ImH)(HO)]·3HO (abbreviated henceforth as CoLevim) which was isolated and characterized by H and C NMR spectroscopy, UV-visible and FT-IR spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction and thermal analysis methods. CoLevim shows promise in its antimicrobial activities when tested against microorganisms (Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli). Fluorescence competitive studies with ethidium bromide (EB) revealed that CoLevim can compete with EB and displace it to bind to CT-DNA through intercalative binding mode. In addition, CoLevim exhibited a good binding propensity to BSA proteins with relatively high binding constants. The antioxidant activities of the free ligands and CoLevim were determined in vitro using ABTS radical (TEAC assay). The Co-complex showed a better antioxidant capacity with inhibitory concentrations (IC) of 40 μM than the free ligands. CoLevim also showed noteworthy apoptotic potential and behaved as an efficient resistant modifying agent when its antiproliferative potential was examined by MTT assay using the breast cancer cell lines (MCF7, MCF7Dox/R and MCF7Pacli/R cells).
Topics: Humans; Female; Fluoroquinolones; Levofloxacin; Cobalt; Antioxidants; Breast Neoplasms; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; Coordination Complexes; Anti-Infective Agents; DNA; MCF-7 Cells; Ethidium; Biopolymers; Imidazoles; Oxygen; Serum Albumin, Bovine
PubMed: 37884250
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127636 -
Urologia Aug 2023The aim of this study was to assess the presence of agents, their distribution between male and female, and differences in antibiotic susceptibility in samples sent...
BACKGROUND
The aim of this study was to assess the presence of agents, their distribution between male and female, and differences in antibiotic susceptibility in samples sent from Hisar Intercontinental Hospital's various clinics with the preliminary diagnosis of genitourinary system infection.
METHODS
The Mycoplasma IES test was used to identify and , and to determine antibiotic susceptibility results, in samples taken from patients. The findings of mycoplasma and ureaplasma culture testing samples requested between 2014 and 2021 were evaluated retrospectively from our records.
RESULTS
was found to be positive in 7.37% of the examinations, was found to be positive in 34.98% of the examinations, and either of them were found to be positive in 22.01% of the examinations. The growth rate of and/or was determined to be 24.95% in females and 10.13% in males, with the growth rate in females being greater and statistically significant ( < 0.001). According to the antibiotic susceptibility test results, clarithromycin (R 17.91%) was the most susceptible antibiotic overall for both microorganisms, while clindamycin (R 90.28%) was the most resistant. Depending on the sex, clarithromycin (R 18.40%) was found to be the most susceptible antibiotic in females, and levofloxacin (R 10.87%) to be the most susceptible in males.
CONCLUSION
Given the presence of and infections, especially in the presence of risky conditions such as pregnancy, laboratory tests for the diagnosis of these agents should be used in such studies since no urogenital infections were detected in the routine cultures of the patients followed up with the suspicion of urogenital infection. Gender differences should also be considered as a parameter in the preference of antibiotics.
Topics: Pregnancy; Humans; Male; Female; Mycoplasma; Ureaplasma; Retrospective Studies; Clarithromycin; Mycoplasma Infections; Ureaplasma urealyticum; Mycoplasma hominis; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Urinary Tract Infections
PubMed: 36537833
DOI: 10.1177/03915603221143422 -
Clinical Microbiology and Infection :... Feb 2024Contacts of patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) are at risk of developing TB disease. Tuberculosis preventive treatment (TPT) is an intervention that... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Contacts of patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) are at risk of developing TB disease. Tuberculosis preventive treatment (TPT) is an intervention that can potentially reduce this risk.
OBJECTIVES
To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of TPT for contacts of patients with MDR-TB.
DATA SOURCES
EMBASE, PubMed, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library were searched for eligible studies on 24 July 2023, without start date restrictions.
STUDY ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA
We included studies that compared TPT with no treatment in contacts of patients with MDR-TB and reported outcomes of progression to TB disease.
PARTICIPANTS
Contacts of patients with MDR-TB.
INTERVENTIONS
TPT.
ASSESSMENT OF RISK OF BIAS
A modified version of the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used.
METHODS OF DATA SYNTHESIS
Random-effects meta-analysis was utilized to calculate the relative risk for disease progression to TB in contacts of patients with MDR-TB who received TPT compared to those who did not. Additionally, completion, adverse effect, and discontinued rates were assessed.
RESULTS
Involving 1105 individuals from 11 studies, the pooled relative risk for disease progression in contacts receiving TPT versus those without treatment was 0.34 (95% CI: 0.16-0.72). Subgroup analysis indicated a lower pooled relative risk for regimens based on the drug-resistance profile of the index patients with TB compared to uniform treatment regimens (0.22 [95% CI: 0.06-0.84] vs. 0.49 [95% CI: 0.17-1.35]), although not statistically significant. The pooled completed rate was 83.8%, adverse effect rate was 22.9%, and discontinued rate was 6.5%. After excluding the levofloxacin and pyrazinamide regimen study, the completed rate increased to 88.0%, and adverse effects and discontinued rates decreased to 8.0% and 4.0%, respectively.
DISCUSSION
TPT reduces TB disease progression risk in contacts of patients with MDR-TB. Tailored TPT regimens based on drug-resistance profiles may offer additional benefits. Furthermore, efforts to improve completed rates and manage adverse effects are essential for optimizing effectiveness and safety.
Topics: Humans; Antitubercular Agents; Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant; Pyrazinamide; Levofloxacin; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; Disease Progression
PubMed: 37741621
DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2023.09.015 -
Cureus Jul 2023Background is one of the main families of gram-negative bacilli responsible for serious infections in humans. The severity of infection by these bacteria is a product...
Risk Factors and Associated Outcomes of Virulence Genes eae, entB, and pipD Carriage in Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Salmonella spp. From HIV-1 and HIV-Negative Gastroenteritis Patients in the Dschang Regional Hospital Annex.
Background is one of the main families of gram-negative bacilli responsible for serious infections in humans. The severity of infection by these bacteria is a product of many factors, including virulence properties and antimicrobial resistance. This severity may be further intensified if there is an association between these factors and a depressed immune system, such as in HIV patients. This study aimed to determine the distribution of representative virulence genes among key isolates from HIV-1 and non-HIV gastroenteritis patients and the relationship between carrying these virulence genes and antimicrobial susceptibility, seropositive status, and severity of symptoms associated with infections in Dschang Regional Hospital Annex. Methodology A total of 200 gastroenteritis patients (100 HIV-1 and 100 non-HIV patients) were selected and evaluated for symptoms associated with gastroenteritis. Stool samples were obtained and cultured, from which , and spp. isolates were obtained. Antibiotic susceptibility tests were performed on the isolates by agar disc diffusion using commonly used antibiotics. These isolates were tested for the possession of virulence genes by polymerase chain reaction (PCR); for , for and for spp. Correlation tests and risk assessments were performed between the presence of virulence genes, antibiotic resistance, and specific symptoms. Results The isolates obtained from HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients were, respectively, 61 against 62 for , 10 against 21 for and 11 against 15 for spp.These organisms showed the highest resistance to amoxicillin and clavulanic acid, while the least resistance was observed against ofloxacin, gentamicin, and amikacin in both groups of patients. The virulence genes showed a generally higher occurrence in isolates from HIV-negative patients than HIV-positive patients, with the gene 5/61 (8.20%) against 12/62 (19.35%), the 4/10 (40.00%) against 14/21 (66.66%), and the gene 5/11 (45.45%) against 7/15 (46.46%) in HIV-positive and negative patients, respectively. There was a significant correlation between gene carriage and resistance against imipenem (p = 0.047), gentamycin (p = 0.047), and doxycycline (p = 0.029); gene carriage and resistance toward levofloxacin (p = 0.017) in ; and gene carriage and resistance against levofloxacin (p = 0.039), imipenem (p = 0.041), and doxycycline (p = 0.042). The carriage of the virulence genes was seen to be a stronger risk only for the resistance of to ceftriaxone (odds ratio (OR) = 2.286) and gentamycin (OR = 3.000), and spp. against imipenem (OR = 2.750) and doxycycline (OR = 2.118). The development of severe symptoms correlated significantly with virulence gene carriage in isolates, mainly in HIV-positive patients with (p = 0.017) and (p = 0.025), with a strong risk association with the gene (OR = 2.665). Conclusions Antibiotic resistance was associated with virulence gene carriage, indicating that virulence and antibiotic resistance can associate their effects and contribute to poor outcomes in the treatment of bacterial diseases in HIV patients. The possession of virulence genes increased the severity of symptoms associated with gastroenteritis in HIV-positive patients.
PubMed: 37614275
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.42329 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2023The eradication of () using multiple therapies is used as a prevention strategy. However, its efficacy has been compromised by the emergence of single nucleotide...
The eradication of () using multiple therapies is used as a prevention strategy. However, its efficacy has been compromised by the emergence of single nucleotide polymorphisms in genes associated with resistance to multiple antibiotics. To estimate antibiotic resistance rates associated with mutations in genes in the high-cancer-risk population in Colombia, we included 166 whole genome sequences from a cohort of individuals with a high risk of gastric cancer. By using the reference strain ATCC 26695, we identified mutations in specific genes to evaluate resistance rates for different antibiotics: rRNA for clarithromycin, rRNA for tetracycline, for amoxicillin, for levofloxacin, and for metronidazole. The phylogenomic analysis was conducted using the core genome consisting of 1,594 genes of -ATCC 26695. Our findings revealed that the resistance rate of to clarithromycin was 3.62%, primarily associated with mutations A2143G and A2142G in the rRNA gene. For tetracycline, the resistance rate was 7.23%, with mutations A926G, A926T, and A928C observed in the rRNA gene. Amoxicillin resistance was found in 25.9% of cases, with observed mutations in the gene, including T556S, T593, R649K, R656P, and R656H. In the gene, mutations N87K, N87I, D91G, D91N, and D91Y were identified, resulting in a resistance rate of 12.04% to levofloxacin. The most common mutations in the gene associated with metronidazole resistance were a stop codon, and mutations at D59N and D59S, resulting in a resistance rate of 99.3%. The high resistance rate of to metronidazole indicated that this drug should be excluded from the eradication therapy. However, the resistance rates for tetracycline and clarithromycin did not exceed the established resistance threshold in Colombia. The increased resistance rate of to levofloxacin and amoxicillin may partially explain the observed therapeutic failures in Colombia. The phylogenomic tree showed that the isolate belongs to its own lineage (hspColombia). These findings offer valuable insights to enhance the characterization of treatment protocols for the specific lineage (hspColombia) at the local level.
PubMed: 37485536
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1198325 -
Journal of Hazardous Materials Oct 2023In this study, a Pd@MXene catalyst was synthesized to enhance the electrocatalytic hydrodehalogenation (ECH) of emerging halogenated organic pollutants (HOPs) by...
In this study, a Pd@MXene catalyst was synthesized to enhance the electrocatalytic hydrodehalogenation (ECH) of emerging halogenated organic pollutants (HOPs) by improving the dispersibility, catalytic activity, and stability of palladium (Pd). The average size of Pd nanoparticles (NPs) was reduced to 3.62 ± 0.34 nm with a more intensive peak of Pd (111), which facilitated atomic hydrogen (H*) production. The Pd@MX/CC electrode demonstrated superior ECH activity for diclofenac (DCF) degradation, with a reaction rate constant (k) 2.48 times higher than that of Pd/CC (without MXene). The satisfactory ECH performance of Pd@MX/CC remained consistent within a wide range of initial DCF concentrations (5-100 mg/L), and no significant ECH attenuation was observed even after up to 10 batches. Furthermore, the high activity of Pd@MX/CC was also observed in the ECH of other halogenated organic pollutants (levofloxacin, tetrabromobisphenol A, and diatrizoate). Density functional theory (DFT) calculations revealed that electronic configuration modulation of the Pd@MXene catalyst optimized binging energies to H* , DCF, and dechlorinated products, thereby enhancing the ECH efficiency of DCF.
PubMed: 37487329
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132113