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Medicine Nov 2023Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a rare complication commonly associated with headache and acute changes in blood pressure that results from a...
RATIONALE
Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a rare complication commonly associated with headache and acute changes in blood pressure that results from a variety of causes, culminating in vasogenic cerebral edema in the occipital and parietal lobes of the brain.
PATIENT CONCERNS
We report here a woman who suffered from headache, generalized tonic-clonic seizures, and cortical blindness in the late postpartum period.
DIAGNOSES
Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome.
INTERVENTIONS
The patient was treated with amlodipine besylate tablets for hypertension, dehydration with mannitol and glycerin fructose, and antispasmodic treatment with sodium valproate and oxcarbazepine.
OUTCOMES
On day 2, the patient became conscious, headache and vision improved. One week later, symptoms and signs disappeared, blood pressure returned to normal, and brain MRI lesions disappeared in re-examination.
LESSONS
Eclampsia associated with PRES is reversible in most cases, but it is a serious and potentially life-threatening obstetric emergency. If adequate treatment is provided in a timely manner, most women will make a full recovery. Attention needs to be paid to timely and adequate treatment, as well as appropriate follow-up and support for patients with PRES.
Topics: Pregnancy; Humans; Female; Eclampsia; Posterior Leukoencephalopathy Syndrome; Postpartum Period; Brain Diseases; Puerperal Disorders; Headache
PubMed: 37960797
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000035867 -
JDS Communications Nov 2023The purpose of this study was to determine the apparent prevalence and risk factors of methicillin-resistant and non- staphylococci and mammaliicocci (NASM) in bulk...
Apparent prevalence and selected risk factors of methicillin-resistant and non- staphylococci and mammaliicocci in bulk tank milk of dairy herds in Indiana, Ohio, and Michigan.
The purpose of this study was to determine the apparent prevalence and risk factors of methicillin-resistant and non- staphylococci and mammaliicocci (NASM) in bulk tank milk (BTM) obtained from 300 dairy farms that belong to a cooperative collecting milk from Indiana, Michigan, and Ohio. Dairy field personnel recorded information about selected farm level risk factors and collected and froze BTM samples (n = 300) that were sent to Michigan State University researchers. Milk samples were thawed at room temperature and pre-enriched by adding 1 to 4 mL of Mueller-Hinton broth supplemented with 6.5% NaCl and incubated at 37°C for 24 h. Subsequently, 10 µL was plated on mannitol salt agar and Mueller-Hinton agar supplemented with 2.5% NaCl containing 2 mg/L oxacillin and 20 mg/L aztreonam. Colonies that grew on the selective media were subcultured on blood agar and identified using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Phenotypic methicillin resistance was tested using cefoxitin disk diffusion. Conventional PCR was used to detect and in phenotypically resistant isolates. Of 550 isolates that were obtained from mannitol salt agar plates and 10 isolates from Mueller-Hinton agar plates, 16 species of NASM accounted for 84% of staphylococci, while accounted for the remaining 16%. Among , 4 isolates from 4 farms (1.3%) demonstrated phenotypic resistance to methicillin resistance but none carried or genes. Among NASM, 45 isolates from 40 farms (13.3%) demonstrated phenotypic resistance to methicillin. However, only 13 NASM isolates (7 , 2 , 1 , 1 , 1 , and 1 ) from 13 farms were positive for , whereas all were negative for . Thus, the prevalence of -positive NASM in BTM was 4.3%. Based on molecular results, this study demonstrated a low prevalence of methicillin resistance NASM from BTM samples collected from farms in the Upper Midwest. Dairy farms that contained ≤200 lactating cows and had swine located on the farm had a higher prevalence of methicillin-resistant NASM than smaller farms that did not contain swine.
PubMed: 38045889
DOI: 10.3168/jdsc.2023-0386 -
Microbiological Research May 2024Bacterial control promoted by bacteriophages (phages) is an attractive tool in the face of the antibiotic crisis triggered by the exacerbated use of these drugs. Despite... (Review)
Review
Bacterial control promoted by bacteriophages (phages) is an attractive tool in the face of the antibiotic crisis triggered by the exacerbated use of these drugs. Despite the growing interest in using these viruses, some gaps still need answers, such as the protection and delivery of phages. Some limitation points involve the degradation of phage proteins by enzymes or inactivation in low-pH environments. In this review, a literature search using keywords related to the field of virus delivery formulations was done to understand the current scenario of using delivery techniques and phage formulations. A total of 2096 raw results were obtained, which resulted in 140 publications after refinement. These studies were analyzed for main application techniques and areas, keywords, and countries. Of the total, 57% of the publications occurred in the last five years, and the encapsulation technique was the most used among the articles analyzed. As excipient agents, lactose, trehalose, mannitol, PEG, and Leucine stand out. The development of phage formulations, protection approaches, their delivery routes, and the knowledge about the best application strategy enables the use of these organisms in several sectors. It can act as a powerful tool against antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
Topics: Bacteriophages; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Lactose
PubMed: 38447457
DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2024.127662 -
The Oncologist Feb 2024Cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity (CIN) can be prevented by fluid hydration, electrolyte supplementation, or forced diuresis; however, the best way to prevent CIN is...
INTRODUCTION
Cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity (CIN) can be prevented by fluid hydration, electrolyte supplementation, or forced diuresis; however, the best way to prevent CIN is still unknown. The aim of this study was to provide objective evidence on the optimal design of hydration schemes to prevent CIN based on an update of the literature.
METHODS
A Pubmed and Embase search were conducted in December 2021 and repeated in April 2022 and March 2023. Two independent reviewers screened the articles. The included articles were categorized and reviewed per category.
RESULTS
Twenty-seven articles met the inclusion criteria. The included studies varied widely. Four out of seven studies investigating diuretics found a protective effect of adding mannitol to the hydration scheme. All six studies investigating duration and amount of volume of hydration found that a short-hydration scheme resulted in less CIN than a longer hydration scheme. Seven out of nine articles evaluating the role of electrolytes found that magnesium supplementation reduced the risk of nephrotoxicity. Three studies investigated the safety of oral hydration and concluded that nephrotoxicity did not occur more frequently after oral hydration.
CONCLUSION
The hydration scheme of cisplatin should be short and consist of a relatively small amount of volume. The scheme should include mannitol and magnesium supplementation. Head-to-head studies are needed to investigate the safety of furosemide compared with mannitol and the dose of mannitol and magnesium.
Topics: Humans; Cisplatin; Antineoplastic Agents; Magnesium; Mannitol; Renal Insufficiency
PubMed: 37995306
DOI: 10.1093/oncolo/oyad297 -
Journal of Ethnopharmacology Oct 2024Cordyceps has a long medicinal history as a nourishing herb in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Ischemic cardio-cerebrovascular diseases (CCVDs), including cerebral... (Review)
Review
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE
Cordyceps has a long medicinal history as a nourishing herb in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Ischemic cardio-cerebrovascular diseases (CCVDs), including cerebral ischemic/reperfusion injury (CI/RI) and myocardial ischemic/reperfusion injury (MI/RI), are major contributors to mortality and disability in humans. Numerous studies have indicated that Cordyceps or its artificial substitutes have significant bioactivity on ischemic CCVDs, however, there is a lack of relevant reviews.
AIM OF THE STUDY
This review was conducted to investigate the chemical elements, pharmacological effects, clinical application and drug safety of Cordycepson ischemic CCVDs.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A comprehensive search was conducted on the Web of Science, PubMed, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Wanfang databases using the keywords "Cordyceps", "Cerebral ischemic/reperfusion injury", and "Myocardial ischemic/reperfusion injury" or their synonyms. The retrieved literature was then categorized and summarized.
RESULTS
The study findings indicated that Cordyceps and its bioactive components, including adenosine, cordycepin, mannitol, polysaccharide, and protein, have the potential to protect against CI/RI and MI/RI by improving blood perfusion, mitigating damage from reactive oxygen species, suppressing inflammation, preventing cellular apoptosis, and promoting tissue regeneration. Individually, Cordyceps could reduce neuronal excitatory toxicity and blood-brain barrier damage caused by cerebral ischemia. It can also significantly improve cardiac energy metabolism disorders and inhibit calcium overload caused by myocardial ischemia. Additionally, Cordyceps exerts a significant preventive or curative influence on the factors responsible for heart/brain ischemia, including hypertension, thrombosis, atherosclerosis, and arrhythmia.
CONCLUSION
This study demonstrates Cordyceps' prospective efficacy and safety in the prevention or treatment of CI/RI and MI/RI, providing novel insights for managing ischemic CCVDs.
Topics: Humans; Cordyceps; Animals; Medicine, Chinese Traditional; Brain Ischemia
PubMed: 38735418
DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118321 -
The Journal of Allergy and Clinical... Apr 2024Airway hyper-responsiveness (AHR) is a tenet of the persistent asthma phenotype along with reversible airway obstruction and type 2 (T2) inflammation. Indirect acting... (Review)
Review
Airway hyper-responsiveness (AHR) is a tenet of the persistent asthma phenotype along with reversible airway obstruction and type 2 (T2) inflammation. Indirect acting challenges such as mannitol are more closely related to the underlying T2 inflammatory process as compared with direct challenges. In this review article, we summarise the current literature and explore the future role of mannitol AHR in clinical remission with biologics.
Topics: Humans; Asthma; Respiratory Hypersensitivity; Inflammation; Biological Therapy; Mannitol
PubMed: 38097177
DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2023.12.013 -
Advanced Healthcare Materials Apr 2024Neuroinflammation is associated with a series of pathological symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD), including α-synuclein aggregation and dopaminergic neuronal death....
Neuroinflammation is associated with a series of pathological symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD), including α-synuclein aggregation and dopaminergic neuronal death. The NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome plays a crucial role in neuroinflammation at the lesion site and is a promising target for PD treatment. In this study, a nanoscale metal-organic framework (Zr-FeP MOF) based nanozyme is fabricated using Fe-5,10,15,20-tetra (4-carboxyphenyl) porphyrin (Fe-TCPP) and Zr cluster as ligands. The Zr-FeP MOF is subsequently encapsulated with mannitol (Man)-liposome, resulting in the formation of Zr-FeP MOF@Man liposome (MOF@Man Liposome) nanozyme system. The in vitro studies show that this nanozyme system is effective in relieving the formation of NLRP3 inflammasome and mitochondrial dysfunction. In mouse models of PD, the nanozyme system demonstrates a significant blood-brain barrier-crossing capability attributed to the Man-mediated brain targeting. Additionally, transcriptomic and biochemical studies show that the nanozyme system effectively inhibits the formation and assembly of inflammasome components, mitigating the activation of glial cells and neuroinflammatory response, and ultimately regulating the pathological symptoms of PD effectively.
Topics: Animals; Mice; Inflammasomes; Liposomes; Metal-Organic Frameworks; Microglia; Neuroinflammatory Diseases; NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein; NLR Proteins; Parkinson Disease
PubMed: 38031989
DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202303454 -
Journal of Ethnopharmacology Mar 2024Mailuo shutong pill (MLST) has been widely used in clinical treatment of superficial thrombotic phlebitis (STP). Nevertheless, the major active components of MLST and...
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE
Mailuo shutong pill (MLST) has been widely used in clinical treatment of superficial thrombotic phlebitis (STP). Nevertheless, the major active components of MLST and the mechanism of synergistic action have not been reported.
AIM OF THE STUDY
The present study aimed to evaluate the improving effects and the underlying mechanism of MLST on mannitol-induced STP in rabbits.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
In this study, Ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography electrospray ionization quadrupole-exactive orbitrap mass spectrometry (UHPLC-ESI-Q-Exactive-Orbitrap-MS) was used to analyze and identify the chemical composition of MLST and the prototype components absorbed into the blood. Then, according to the prototype components in serum, the targets and mechanisms of MLST were explored by applying network pharmacology. The rabbit model of STP was established by injecting 20% mannitol into bilateral auricular vein. The pathological changes of rabbit ear tissues, inflammatory factors, coagulation function and hemorheology were detected. In addition, molecular docking verified the interaction between the main active ingredient and the key target. Finally, the PI3K/AKT pathway and its regulated downstream pathways were verified by Western blot.
RESULTS
A total of 96 MLST components and 53 prototypical components absorbed into the blood were successfully identified. Based on network pharmacology, PI3K/AKT pathway and 10 chemical components closely related to this pathway were obtained. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining results indicated that MLST effectively improved of the pathological damage of ear tissues. MLST decreased levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and C-reactive protein (CRP). The expression of platelets (PLT) and fibrinogen concentration (FIB) was decreased, while prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) were prolonged. In addition, the plasma viscosity and whole blood viscosity in the MLST groups were significantly decreased. The more important discovery was that the expressions of P-PI3K, VEGF, P-AKT, P-IκB-α, P-NF-κB, NLRP3, ASC, Cleaved IL-1β and Cleaved Caspase-1 were effectively reversed after treatment with MLST.
CONCLUSIONS
This study comprehensively analyzed and characterized the chemical composition of MLST and the prototypical components absorbed into the blood. This study strongly confirmed the pharmacodynamic effect of MLST on STP. More importantly, this pharmacodynamic effect was achieved through inhibition of the PI3K/AKT pathway and its regulated NF-κB and NLRP3 pathways.
Topics: Animals; Rabbits; NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein; Molecular Docking Simulation; Multilocus Sequence Typing; NF-kappa B; Network Pharmacology; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; Thrombophlebitis; Mannitol; Drugs, Chinese Herbal
PubMed: 38159829
DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117668 -
BMC Anesthesiology Jan 2024Although video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) has advantages of reduced injury and faster healing, patients still endure moderate and severe postoperative pain.... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Efficacy of postoperative analgesia with intravenous paracetamol and mannitol injection, combined with thoracic paravertebral nerve block in post video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery pain: a prospective, randomized, double-blind controlled trial.
BACKGROUND
Although video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) has advantages of reduced injury and faster healing, patients still endure moderate and severe postoperative pain. Paracetamol and mannitol injection, the first acetaminophen injection in China, has the advantages of convenient administration, rapid onset of action, and no first-pass effect. This aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of postoperative analgesia with paracetamol and mannitol injection, combined with thoracic paravertebral nerve block (TPVB) in post VATS pain.
METHODS
This study was a single-center, prospective, randomized, double-blind controlled clinical trial. Patients scheduled for VATS were randomly divided into three groups, general anesthesia group (Group C), TPVB group (Group T) and TPVB + paracetamol and mannitol injection group (Group TP). In this study, the primary outcome was determined as visual analog scale (VAS) scores at rest and coughing, the secondary observation outcomes were the first time to use analgesic pump, the total consumption of oxycodone in the analgesic pump, number of effective and total analgesic pump compressions at first 48 h postoperatively, the perioperative consumption of sufentanil, time to extubation, hospital length of stay, urine volume, and the incidence of adverse events.
RESULTS
In a state of rest and cough, patients in the Group TP showed significantly lower VAS pain scores at 1, 12, 24, and 48 postoperative-hour compared with Group C and Group T. Intraoperative sufentanil and postoperative oxycodone consumption, the first time to press analgesic pump, the times of effective and total compressions of patient- controlled analgesia (PCA) were lower than those of the Group C and Group T. Interestingly, urine output was higher in Group TP. There were no differences between the three groups in terms of extubation time, length of hospital stay and adverse effects, indicating that intravenous paracetamol and mannitol injection is an effective and safe perioperative analgesia method.
CONCLUSIONS
Paracetamol and mannitol injection, combined with TPVB may provide important beneficial effects on acute pain control and reduce the consumption of opioid in patients undergoing VATS.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
The trial was registered on Jun 19, 2023 in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ( https://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.html?proj=199315 ), registration number ChiCTR2300072623 (19/06/2023).
Topics: Humans; Acetaminophen; Thoracic Surgery, Video-Assisted; Sufentanil; Oxycodone; Prospective Studies; Nerve Block; Pain, Postoperative; Analgesics; Analgesia, Patient-Controlled; Cough; Mannitol
PubMed: 38172686
DOI: 10.1186/s12871-023-02386-5 -
International Journal of Biological... Jan 2024The study involves development of a green biorefinery process for obtaining fucoidan, laminarin, mannitol, alginate and protein from dry and fresh Fucus vesiculosus and...
The study involves development of a green biorefinery process for obtaining fucoidan, laminarin, mannitol, alginate and protein from dry and fresh Fucus vesiculosus and Ascophyllum nodosum using hydrochloric acid and a green extraction solvent. After the extraction of fucoidan which was the targeted biomolecule, an extract and by-product (residual biomass) were obtained. The extract was passed through an ultrafiltration membrane, where fucoidan was obtained in the ultrafiltration retentate while ultrafiltration permeate was analysed for laminarin and mannitol. The residual biomass was used for obtaining alginate using ultrasound (20 kHz, 64 % amplitude and 32 min, optimum parameters for alginate extraction based on our previous study). All the samples, showed good results for alginate, laminarin and mannitol, indicating that the by-products can be utilised using this green extraction process. The comparison of both dry and fresh seaweed is relevant from an industry perspective, as fresh seaweed can directly be used for extraction, avoiding drying which adds significantly to the cost of the process. Life cycle impact assessment of the complete seaweed value chain has been carried out to identify the energy demand and key environmental hotspots. This biorefinery process can be used by industry to improve their processes and utilise the by-products generated efficiently.
Topics: Ascophyllum; Alginates; Seaweed; Fucus; Mannitol; Polysaccharides; Proteins; Glucans
PubMed: 38008143
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128195