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JPMA. the Journal of the Pakistan... Sep 2023
Topics: Humans; Child; Marriage; Socioeconomic Factors; Consanguinity
PubMed: 37817682
DOI: 10.47391/JPMA.23-62 -
Tidsskrift For Den Norske Laegeforening... Dec 2023
Topics: Humans; Family; Marriage
PubMed: 38088291
DOI: 10.4045/tidsskr.23.0733 -
Sexual and Reproductive Health Matters 2024Studies show that gender socialisation shapes differently the gendered identity, self-esteem, and sexual behaviours of girls and boys. While pre-adolescence is viewed as...
Studies show that gender socialisation shapes differently the gendered identity, self-esteem, and sexual behaviours of girls and boys. While pre-adolescence is viewed as a pivotal period for gendered socialisation, few studies in francophone Africa investigate the role of gender identity effects on aspirations and sexual and reproductive behaviours at this life stage. This article explores how the internalisation of gender stereotypes during socialisation is linked to the aspirations of girls and boys for certain life events, such as having their first child or getting married. A survey was conducted in 10 primary schools in Ouagadougou, among pupils aged between 9 and 16 years, as well as seven focus group discussions with their parents. The findings indicate a gender-based variation in the effects of adherence to unequal gender norms among young adolescents. As a result, girls tend to have earlier aspirations towards marriage and later aspirations for childbearing, while boys show earlier aspirations for childbearing and later ones for marriage. These effects may expose both girls and boys to risks of poor sexual and reproductive health. Interventions promoting egalitarian gender norms could boost girls' self-esteem as well as mutual respect among young adolescents of both genders, aiming to improve their sexual and reproductive health during adolescence and into adulthood.
Topics: Child; Humans; Female; Adolescent; Male; Socialization; Gender Identity; Sexual Behavior; Africa; Focus Groups
PubMed: 38294681
DOI: 10.1080/26410397.2023.2294824 -
International Journal of Clinical and... 2023Being involved in romantic relationships has historically been related to better mental health compared to being single. However, research exploring heterogeneity within...
BACKGROUND
Being involved in romantic relationships has historically been related to better mental health compared to being single. However, research exploring heterogeneity within these status groups is still understudied. Our study examined the role of (in)congruency between relationship desire, dismissal, satisfaction with relationship status, and current relationship status on the mental health measured in terms of anxiety, depression, insomnia, and romantic loneliness.
METHOD
The online questionnaire survey included 790 participants aged 18 - 40 ( = 26.51, = 5.60) at baseline and 421 at a 1-month follow-up. Participants represented five relationship statuses (single, casual dating, LAT relationships, cohabitation, and engagement/marriage).
RESULTS
Our results suggest that greater relationship desire and dismissal at baseline were associated with higher anxiety and depression in casual daters one month later, while greater relationship desire was linked to lower anxiety for individuals in living apart together relationships (LATs). Higher relationship dismissal in casual daters and engaged/married individuals was associated with lower insomnia. Higher satisfaction with relationship status was associated with lower depression in single individuals and lower romantic loneliness in cohabitors and engaged/married individuals.
CONCLUSIONS
This study highlights that relationship (in)congruency may operate differently across various relationship status subgroups on mental health outcomes.
PubMed: 36851988
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijchp.2023.100376 -
Journal of Affective Disorders Dec 2023Marriage is consistently identified as a protective factor for suicidality, but it remains unclear whether this relationship varies by time elapsed since the transition...
BACKGROUND
Marriage is consistently identified as a protective factor for suicidality, but it remains unclear whether this relationship varies by time elapsed since the transition to marriage.
METHODS
Participants were 15,870 individuals (52 % female, mean age = 44.63 years, age range = 18-99 years) from the Collaborative Psychiatric Epidemiology Surveys. Cox proportional hazards models were used to test the relationship between marriage, as well as time elapsed since the transition to marriage (0-5 years, 6-10 years, or 11+ years), and suicidal ideation. Years of education and race and ethnicity were included as covariates, and analyses were stratified by sex. Separate hazard ratios were estimated for individuals aged <30 years and 30+ years to address violations of the proportionality assumption.
RESULTS
Being married was associated with lower risk for suicidal ideation across age and sex. Among individuals aged <30 years, marriage was reliably associated with lower risk for suicidal ideation, regardless of the time elapsed since marriage. For individuals aged 30+ years, being married for 0-5 years or 6-10 years was associated with increased risk for suicidal ideation, particularly in females. Being married for 11+ years was associated with decreased risk across sex.
LIMITATIONS
Analyses focused on participants' first marriage and did not examine mediators of the association between marriage and suicidal ideation.
CONCLUSIONS
Overall, being married protects against suicidal ideation. However, among individuals aged 30 years or older, the first 10 years of marriage are associated with elevated risk for suicidal thoughts, and clinical outreach may be warranted.
Topics: Humans; Female; Adolescent; Young Adult; Adult; Middle Aged; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Male; Suicidal Ideation; Marriage; Educational Status; Protective Factors; Surveys and Questionnaires; Risk Factors
PubMed: 37802325
DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.10.007 -
American Journal of Human Biology : the... Mar 2024To expand the human exploration footprint and reach Mars in the 2030s, we must explore how humans survive and thrive in demanding, unusual, and novel ecologies (i.e.,...
To expand the human exploration footprint and reach Mars in the 2030s, we must explore how humans survive and thrive in demanding, unusual, and novel ecologies (i.e., extreme environments). In the extreme conditions encountered during human spaceflight, there is a need to understand human functioning and response in a more rigorous theoretically informed way. Current models of human performance in space-relevant environments and human space science are often operationally focused, with emphasis on acute physiological or behavioral outcomes. However, integrating current perspectives in human biology allows for a more holistic and complete understanding of how humans function over a range of time in an extreme environment. Here, we show how the use of evolution-informed frameworks (i.e., models of life history theory to organize the adaptive pressures of spaceflight and biocultural perspectives) coupled with the use of mixed-methodological toolkits can shape models that better encompass the scope of biobehavioral human adjustment to long-duration space travel and extra-terrestrial habitation. Further, we discuss how we can marry human biology perspectives with the rigorous programmatic structures developed for spaceflight to model other unknown and nascent extremes.
Topics: Humans; Space Flight; Time Factors; Biology
PubMed: 38337152
DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.24048 -
Head and Neck Pathology Apr 2024Physicians and dentists have a very limited exposure to personal financial management and yet find themselves in the top 10% of earners in the United States of America....
Physicians and dentists have a very limited exposure to personal financial management and yet find themselves in the top 10% of earners in the United States of America. Education loans, practice expenses, and high standards of living obligate them to be good financial stewards to succeed financially. Anecdotal personal experience and review. The article establishes seven steps to implement as medical/dental students, interns, residents, or practicing doctors to move towards financial health and security. The steps include (1) saving enough; (2) good debt management; (3) being tax savvy; (4) obtaining the correct insurance; (5) making wise investments; (6) if choosing to marry, avoid divorce; and (7) keeping track with periodic progress assessment. Each of these steps contains several components that can aid and guide physicians and dentists in their financial arc of development over their professional career and into retirement, considering generational wealth transfer or charitable donation as ultimate goals. This brief guide is based on my own financial journey to achieve long-term financial independence: start early, use simple tax deferred investments without chasing trends while keeping fees down, live within your means, and adequately insure your income.
PubMed: 38635068
DOI: 10.1007/s12105-024-01640-7 -
PloS One 2024Child marriage has been associated with a range of negative maternal and reproductive health outcomes. This study explored these associations in Liberia and Sierra Leone...
BACKGROUND
Child marriage has been associated with a range of negative maternal and reproductive health outcomes. This study explored these associations in Liberia and Sierra Leone and examined how child marriage intersected with other measures of social disadvantage.
METHODS
Data were derived from 631 and 1,325 married or cohabitating women aged 20-24 interviewed in the 2019-2020 Liberia and 2019 Sierra Leone Demographic and Health Surveys, respectively. Analyses were stratified by country. Regression models examined associations between age at first marriage (<15, 15-17, and 18+ years) and reproductive and maternal health outcomes, as well as interactions between child marriage and measures of social disadvantage. Multivariable regression results were presented as adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals.
RESULTS
Over half of currently married/cohabitating women aged 20-24 in Liberia (52%) and Sierra Leone (54%) married before age 18, and over one in 10 married before age 15. In both countries, after adjusting for other factors, being married before the age of 18 was significantly associated with early fertility, high fertility, and low fertility control. Associations were particularly strong among women who first married before age 15. In Liberia, women who married at age 15-17 had significantly lower odds of skilled attendance at delivery and institutional delivery if they lived in the North Central region. Sierra Leonean women who married before age 15 had lower odds of institutional delivery and lower odds of four or more ANC visits if they lived in the North Western region.
CONCLUSION
This study found clear associations between child marriage and negative reproductive health outcomes in Liberia and Sierra Leone, with stronger associations among women married in early adolescence. Child marriage and region of residence intersected to shape young women's access to skilled attendance at birth and institutional delivery. These findings call for further investigation and targeted intervention.
Topics: Humans; Female; Liberia; Sierra Leone; Marriage; Cross-Sectional Studies; Young Adult; Adolescent; Maternal Health; Reproductive Health; Adult; Child; Pregnancy
PubMed: 38768254
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300982 -
BMC Geriatrics Jul 2023This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of multimorbidity and its associated factors among the older population in China to propose policy recommendations for the...
BACKGROUND
This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of multimorbidity and its associated factors among the older population in China to propose policy recommendations for the management of chronic diseases in older adults.
METHODS
This study was conducted based on the 2021 Shenzhen Healthy Ageing Research (SHARE), and involved analysis of 346,760 participants aged 65 or older. Multimorbidity is defined as the presence of two or more clinically diagnosed or non self-reported chronic diseases among the eight chronic diseases surveyed in an individual. The Logistic analysis was adopted to explore the potential associated factors of multimorbidity.
RESULTS
The prevalences of obesity, hypertension, diabetes, anemia, chronic kidney disease, hyperuricemia, dyslipidemia and fatty liver disease were 10.41%, 62.09%, 24.21%, 12.78%, 6.14%, 20.52%, 44.32%, and 33.25%, respectively. The prevalence of multimorbidity was 63.46%. The mean count of chronic diseases per participant was 2.14. Logistic regression indicated that gender, age, marriage status, lifestyle (smoking status, drinking status, and physical activity), and socioeconomic status (household registration, education level, payment method of medical expenses) were the common predictors of multimorbidity for older adults, among which, being women, married, or engaged in physical activity was found to be a relative determinant as a protective factor for multimorbidity after the other covariates were controlled.
CONCLUSION
Multimorbidity is prevalent among older adults in Chinese. Guideline development, clinical management,and public intervention should target a group of diseases instead of a single condition.
Topics: Aged; Female; Humans; Male; China; Independent Living; Life Style; Multimorbidity; East Asian People
PubMed: 37430183
DOI: 10.1186/s12877-023-04128-1 -
Sexual and Reproductive Health Matters Dec 2023Reducing the adolescent birth rate is paramount in achieving the health-related Sustainable Development Goals, given that pregnancy and childbirth are the leading cause...
Reducing the adolescent birth rate is paramount in achieving the health-related Sustainable Development Goals, given that pregnancy and childbirth are the leading cause of mortality among young women aged 15-19. This study aimed to explore predictors of adolescent pregnancy among girls aged 13-18 years in Maharashtra, India, during the COVID-19 pandemic. Using a mixed-methods approach, primary data were gathered from two regions in Maharashtra between February and April 2022. Quantitative data from face-to-face interviews with 3049 adolescent girls assessed various household, social, and behavioural factors, as well as the socioeconomic and health impacts of COVID-19. Qualitative data from seven in-depth interviews were analysed thematically. The findings reveal that girls from low socioeconomic backgrounds face a higher likelihood of adolescent pregnancy. Multivariable analysis identified several factors associated with increased risk, including older age, being married, having more sexual partners, and experiencing COVID-19-related economic vulnerability. On the other hand, rural residence, secondary and higher secondary education of the participants, and higher maternal education were associated with a decreased likelihood of adolescent pregnancy. In the sub-sample of 565 partnered girls, partner's emotional abuse also correlated with higher rates of adolescent pregnancy. Thematic analysis of qualitative data identified four potential pathways leading to adolescent pregnancy: economic hardships and early marriage; personal safety, social norms, and early marriage; social expectations; and lack of knowledge on contraceptives. The findings underscore the significance of social position and behavioural factors and the impact of external shocks like the COVID-19 pandemic in predicting adolescent pregnancy in Maharashtra, India. Adolescent pregnancy is an important health issue for young girls. In South Asia, one out of every five adolescent girls becomes a mother before turning 18, and in India, around 9% of girls aged 15-19 get pregnant yearly. This study focused on understanding the factors associated with adolescent pregnancy in Maharashtra, India, especially after the COVID-19 pandemic. We collected information from both urban and rural areas in Maharashtra. A total of 3049 adolescent girls participated in a survey, and seven girls participated in detailed interviews. Our analysis showed that factors like older age, being married, having multiple sexual partners, and experiencing economic difficulties due to COVID-19 increased the chances of adolescent pregnancy. On the other hand, living in rural areas, higher education for both the girls and their mothers reduced the likelihood of adolescent pregnancy. Qualitative analysis revealed that economic challenges, concerns about safety and societal norms, early marriage, societal expectations, and lack of knowledge about contraceptives could contribute to adolescent pregnancy in Maharashtra.
Topics: Adolescent; Pregnancy; Humans; Female; India; COVID-19; Pandemics; Pregnancy in Adolescence; Contraceptive Agents; Mothers
PubMed: 37712990
DOI: 10.1080/26410397.2023.2249284