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Journal of Computer Assisted TomographyThe purpose of this article is to provide a comprehensive review of the imaging findings along with histopathologic correlation of mature (benign) teratomas and... (Review)
Review
The purpose of this article is to provide a comprehensive review of the imaging findings along with histopathologic correlation of mature (benign) teratomas and malignant ovarian teratomas, which include both immature teratomas and malignant degeneration of mature teratomas. The radiologist's ability to provide an accurate diagnosis plays an essential role in guiding the interdisciplinary care of patients with malignant teratomas and improving their outcomes.
Topics: Female; Humans; Multimodal Imaging; Teratoma; Ovarian Neoplasms
PubMed: 37948362
DOI: 10.1097/RCT.0000000000001509 -
Archivos de La Sociedad Espanola de... Aug 2023Teratomas are gonadal or extragonadal neoplasms, derived from the three embryonic tissues, composed of germ cells of the neuroectoderm, mesoderm and ectoderm. Congenital...
Teratomas are gonadal or extragonadal neoplasms, derived from the three embryonic tissues, composed of germ cells of the neuroectoderm, mesoderm and ectoderm. Congenital orbital teratoma (OCT) commonly affects the left orbit, primarily affecting women over men at a ratio of 2:1. We present the case of a female patient of 9 days of extrauterine life with a left mature congenital orbital teratoma. The orbit and oculoplastic service performed an orbital exenteration and total resection of the tumor mass.
Topics: Male; Humans; Female; Orbital Neoplasms; Teratoma; Orbit; Orbit Evisceration
PubMed: 37247665
DOI: 10.1016/j.oftale.2023.05.011 -
Histopathology Mar 2024Ovarian Wilms tumour (WT)/nephroblastoma is an extremely rare neoplasm that has been reported to occur in pure form or as a component of a teratomatous neoplasm. We...
AIMS
Ovarian Wilms tumour (WT)/nephroblastoma is an extremely rare neoplasm that has been reported to occur in pure form or as a component of a teratomatous neoplasm. We hypothesized that teratoma-associated and pure ovarian WT may represent different tumour types with diverging molecular backgrounds. To test this hypothesis, we comprehensively characterized a series of five tumours originally diagnosed as ovarian WT.
METHODS AND RESULTS
The five cases comprised three teratoma-associated (two mature and one immature) and two pure WTs. Two of the teratoma-associated WTs consisted of small nodular arrangements of "glandular"/epithelial structures, while the third consisted of both an epithelial and a diffuse spindle cell/blastemal component. The pure WTs consisted of "glandular" structures, which were positive for sex cord markers (including inhibin and SF1) together with a rhabdomyosarcomatous component. The two pure WTs harboured DICER1 pathogenic variants (PVs), while the three associated with teratomas were DICER1 wildtype. Panel-based DNA sequencing of four of the cases did not identify PVs in the other genes investigated. Analysis of the HA19/IGF2 imprinting region showed retention of imprinting in the pure WTs but loss of heterozygosity with hypomethylation of the ICR1 region in two of three teratoma-associated WTs. Furthermore, copy number variation and clustering-based whole-genome DNA methylation analyses identified divergent molecular profiles for pure and teratoma-associated WTs.
CONCLUSION
Based on the morphological features, immunophenotype, and molecular findings (DICER1 PVs, copy number, and DNA methylation profiles), we suggest that the two cases diagnosed as pure primary ovarian WT represent moderately to poorly differentiated Sertoli Leydig cell tumours (SLCTs), while the tumours arising in teratomas represent true WTs. It is possible that at least some prior cases reported as pure primary ovarian WT represent SLCTs.
Topics: Male; Female; Humans; DNA Copy Number Variations; Wilms Tumor; Ovarian Neoplasms; Teratoma; Sex Cord-Gonadal Stromal Tumors; Kidney Neoplasms; Ribonuclease III; DEAD-box RNA Helicases
PubMed: 38084641
DOI: 10.1111/his.15116 -
Cureus Feb 2024We presented an unusual case of a teratoma in a 76-year-old female who began four years ago with paresthesias and hypoesthesias in the sacral and gluteal regions. She...
We presented an unusual case of a teratoma in a 76-year-old female who began four years ago with paresthesias and hypoesthesias in the sacral and gluteal regions. She denied weakness or gait instability. The magnetic resonance imaging showed an intradural lesion within the cauda equina at levels L2-L3. We decided to perform a posterior midline approach to the lumbar region to expose L2-L3 levels. After doing the L2-L3 laminectomy and the durotomy, we found a solid lesion surrounded by nerve roots with heterogeneous content. Through the meticulous separation of the nerve roots surrounding the lesion, we punctioned it, observing the exit of melanocytic material. Histopathological findings showed germinal neoplasia without immature neuroepithelium or malignant component; therefore, the diagnosis of mature teratoma was made. The patient was discharged without any aggregate neurological deficit. At the six-month follow-up visit, the patient continued with paresthesia in the gluteal region without motor weakness and reported minimal gait improvement.
PubMed: 38465043
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.53785 -
Extragonadal Germ Cell Tumors: A Single Institution Experience with Clinicopathological Correlation.International Journal of Surgical... Oct 2023Extragonadal germ cell tumors (EGCTs) are a rare heterogeneous group of tumors without evidence of primary gonadal germ cell tumors. They account for 2%-5% of overall...
Extragonadal germ cell tumors (EGCTs) are a rare heterogeneous group of tumors without evidence of primary gonadal germ cell tumors. They account for 2%-5% of overall malignancies. EGCTs are often not clinically suspected, making them challenging for pathologists. In this retrospective observational study, we describe our institutional experience among EGCTs with clinicopathological correlation. . All patients diagnosed as EGCTs from January 2014 to April 2023 were collected. All relevant clinical data and serum markers were retrieved from hospital medical records. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry slides were reviewed. . The present study included a total of 56 patients; 34 (60%) men and 22 (40%) women with a men-to-women ratio of 1.5:1. Of them, 1 patient had congenital/neonatal EGCTs, 21 patients had prepubertal EGCTs, and 34 had post-pubertal EGCTs. The common sites included are mediastinum (45%), sacrococcyx (18%), retroperitoneum (14%), and central nervous system (12%). The other rare sites were the vagina, liver, colon, and duodenum. The common germ cell tumor included mature teratoma (34%), mixed germ cell tumor (27%), seminoma/germinoma (12%), pure yolk sac tumor (11%), immature teratoma (9%), mature teratoma with somatic tumor (5%), and embryonal carcinoma (2%). All histological diagnoses of germ cell tumors were confirmed with IHC markers like PLAP, CD117 (KIT), AFP, LIN28, CD30, and β-hCG. Pre and posttreatment serum tumor marker levels were available in 37 patients. All our treated patients had a decrease or normal tumor marker levels post-therapy. . In our study, a heterogeneous group of germ cell tumors was seen. Most of them were seen in post-pubertal adolescents and young adults. Early intervention by platinum-based combination chemotherapy in seminoma and nonseminomatous germ cell tumors has significantly improved the prognosis of malignant EGCTs similar to their germ cell counterparts.
PubMed: 37853749
DOI: 10.1177/10668969231201413 -
Journal of Surgical Case Reports Dec 2023A teratoma is a typically benign tumor derived from more than one embryonic cell line, and it is characterized by presence of tissue foreign to the tumor location site....
A teratoma is a typically benign tumor derived from more than one embryonic cell line, and it is characterized by presence of tissue foreign to the tumor location site. With the unlikely primary location in the gastrointestinal tract and no history of malignancy, we present a rare case of a primary mature cystic teratoma of the cecum. The patient is a 66-year-old male with imaging demonstrating an extraluminal, seemingly fat-containing mass abutting the cecum. The patient underwent resection, and final pathology revealed a mature cystic teratoma. Primary mature teratoma of the cecum is exceptionally rare; thus, diagnosis can be challenging. As he had no primary testicular or retroperitoneal mass, this cystic lesion likely represents a developmental abnormality and not a true neoplasm. The radiographic features, presentation, differential diagnoses, and treatment recommendations are discussed.
PubMed: 38149000
DOI: 10.1093/jscr/rjad674 -
Cureus Dec 2023The present study aimed to review the treatment experience and outcomes of Currarino syndrome (CS) complicated with anorectal stenosis to evaluate the current treatment...
PURPOSE
The present study aimed to review the treatment experience and outcomes of Currarino syndrome (CS) complicated with anorectal stenosis to evaluate the current treatment strategies.
METHODS
Seven cases of CS complicated with anorectal stenosis, treated at our hospital between 1998 and 2021, were retrospectively investigated. This is a case series article from a single institution.
RESULTS
In six and three cases and one case, the presacral mass was a mature teratoma, meningocele, and lipoma, respectively. Resection of the lesion was performed in all six cases of mature teratoma, and duraplasty was performed before resection in all three cases of meningocele. Moreover, surgery for anorectal stenosis was performed simultaneously in four patients. Surgery was performed for six cases of anorectal stenosis, with the remaining case relieved by dilation using a metal bougie. The surgical methods used were a partial resection with end-to-end anastomosis, anorectal strictureplasty, pull-through, posterior sagittal anorectoplasty, and cutback after mass resection. Pathological analysis of the anorectal stenoses revealed disorganized and rough smooth muscle fibers and the replacement of the stroma by an increased quantity of collagen fibers.
CONCLUSIONS
The clinical outcomes of CS can be improved by establishing a treatment flow chart and understanding the complicated pathophysiology of the disease.
PubMed: 38226073
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.50512 -
World Journal of Surgical Oncology Sep 2023Nationwide criteria regarding patients with sacrococcygeal teratoma (SCT) are still lacking in Egypt. We aimed to present a multicenter study regarding the management...
OBJECTIVES
Nationwide criteria regarding patients with sacrococcygeal teratoma (SCT) are still lacking in Egypt. We aimed to present a multicenter study regarding the management and outcomes of this tumor to evaluate our national treatment strategy.
METHODS
A retrospective analysis including all patients with SCT who were managed at four major Egyptian centers between 2013 and 2023. Clinical data, surgical approaches, and short- and long-term outcomes were discussed.
RESULTS
The study included 95 patients (74 were females). Antenatal diagnosis was reported in 25% of patients. Seventy-one patients (74.7%) were classified as Altman type I/II. Surgery was performed via a perineal approach in 75 patients, whereas the remaining 20 underwent a combined abdominoperineal approach. Vertical elliptical incision with midline closure was conducted in 51.5% of patients, followed by classic or modified chevron incisions. Benign mature teratoma was detected in 82% of patients. At a median follow-up of 57 months, eight patients (8.5%) had relapsed. The 5-year overall survival (OS) and event-free survival (EFS) of all patients were 94% and 91%, respectively. In the after-care monitoring, 19 patients (20%) had urinary or bowel dysfunctions. Nine of them were managed using medications. Clean intermittent catheterization was practiced in another five patients. The remaining five underwent further surgical interventions.
CONCLUSION
Favorable outcomes were achieved in our country during the last decade. Diverse perineal incisions were performed for resection, and vertical elliptical with midline closure was the commonest. During follow-up, 20% of patients developed urological or bowel dysfunctions that required medical and surgical treatment modalities to improve their quality of life.
Topics: Pregnancy; Humans; Female; Male; Egypt; Quality of Life; Retrospective Studies; Teratoma; Spinal Neoplasms; Surgical Wound
PubMed: 37718391
DOI: 10.1186/s12957-023-03180-w -
British Journal of Neurosurgery Aug 2023is a recently described species and genus of bacterium in the Corynebacterineae suborder which is Gram-stain positive, partially acid-fast and anaerobic. Very few cases...
is a recently described species and genus of bacterium in the Corynebacterineae suborder which is Gram-stain positive, partially acid-fast and anaerobic. Very few cases of human infection due to this organism are described and here we seek to add to the limited medical literature. We report the case of a 2-year-old girl who presented with an infected spinal dermoid cyst secondary to which required surgical drainage and a long course of antibiotics. We encountered diagnostic and therapeutic difficulties because this is a fastidious organism which was difficult to culture and ultimately required molecular detection and identification. To the best of our knowledge, this is only the seventh reported case of causing human infection worldwide and the first in the UK. This is the first reported case of infection in a child and the second reported case of this organism causing spinal infection.
Topics: Child; Female; Humans; Child, Preschool; Empyema, Subdural; Actinobacteria; Spine
PubMed: 30451005
DOI: 10.1080/02688697.2018.1540767 -
Taiwanese Journal of Obstetrics &... Sep 2023To report a rare case of anti-N-Methyl-d-aspartate receptor encephalitis (anti-NMDARE) presented by mental and behavioral changes and seizures accompanied with...
OBJECTIVE
To report a rare case of anti-N-Methyl-d-aspartate receptor encephalitis (anti-NMDARE) presented by mental and behavioral changes and seizures accompanied with respiratory failure.
CASE REPORT
A 37-year-old multiparous woman was initially presented with abnormal mental behavior and the diagnosis of schizophrenia was made, but the disease progressed rapidly to general convulsion and acute respiratory failure. Although active treatment, including steroids, intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIGs) and plasma exchange was applied, no significant improvement was obtained. Transvaginal ultrasound and pelvic magnetic resonance image (MRI) were arranged and the results showed a suspicious cystic lesion (3 × 2.3 cm) at the right ovary. Laparoscopic unilateral salpingo-oophorectomy was performed and final pathology reported a matured cystic teratoma, suggesting that this patient had anti-NMDARE secondary to ovarian mature teratoma. After surgery, the clinical condition was dramatically improved and she recovered completely without sequelae.
CONCLUSION
Although it is well-known about the relation between anti-NMDARE and ovarian mature teratoma, this small tumor may result in the missing diagnosis. Remind us to consider the possibility of any small ovarian cystic lesion-related anti-NMDARE in women with autoimmune encephalitis.
Topics: Female; Humans; Adult; Anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Encephalitis; Teratoma; Ovarian Neoplasms; Respiratory Distress Syndrome
PubMed: 37679011
DOI: 10.1016/j.tjog.2023.07.024