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International Journal of Biological... 2023As the most common malignancy from mediastinum, the metabolic reprogramming of thymoma is important in its development. Nevertheless, the connection between the...
As the most common malignancy from mediastinum, the metabolic reprogramming of thymoma is important in its development. Nevertheless, the connection between the metabolic map and thymoma development is yet to be discovered. Thymoma was categorized into three subcategories by unsupervised clustering of molecular markers for metabolic pathway presentation in the TCGA dataset. Different genes and functions enriched were demonstrated through the utilization of metabolic Gene Ontology (GO) analysis. To identify the main contributors in the development of thymic malignancy, we utilized Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA), Gene Set Variation Analysis (GSVA), and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis. The prognosis of thymoma was evaluated by screening the essential pathways and genes using GSVA scores and machine learning classifiers. Furthermore, we integrated the transcriptomics findings with spectrum metabolomics investigation, detected through LC-MS/MS, in order to establish the essential controller network of metabolic reprogramming during thymoma progression. The thymoma prognosis is related to glycosphingolipid biosynthesis-lacto and neolacto series pathway, of what high B3GNT5 indicate poor survival. The investigation revealed that glycosphingolipid charts have a significant impact on metabolic dysfunction and could potentially serve as crucial targets in the clinical advancement of metabolic therapy.
Topics: Humans; Thymoma; Chromatography, Liquid; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Thymus Neoplasms; Cluster Analysis
PubMed: 37781041
DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.83468 -
NPJ Vaccines Sep 2023At the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, the BNT162b2 (BioNTech-Pfizer) and mRNA-1273 (Moderna) mRNA vaccines were expediently designed and mass produced. Both vaccines...
At the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, the BNT162b2 (BioNTech-Pfizer) and mRNA-1273 (Moderna) mRNA vaccines were expediently designed and mass produced. Both vaccines produce the full-length SARS-CoV-2 spike protein for gain of immunity and have greatly reduced mortality and morbidity from SARS-CoV-2 infection. The distribution and duration of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine persistence in human tissues is unclear. Here, we developed specific RT-qPCR-based assays to detect each mRNA vaccine and screened lymph nodes, liver, spleen, and myocardium from recently vaccinated deceased patients. Vaccine was detected in the axillary lymph nodes in the majority of patients dying within 30 days of vaccination, but not in patients dying more than 30 days from vaccination. Vaccine was not detected in the mediastinal lymph nodes, spleen, or liver. Vaccine was detected in the myocardium in a subset of patients vaccinated within 30 days of death. Cardiac ventricles in which vaccine was detected had healing myocardial injury at the time of vaccination and had more myocardial macrophages than the cardiac ventricles in which vaccine was not detected. These results suggest that SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines routinely persist up to 30 days from vaccination and can be detected in the heart.
PubMed: 37758751
DOI: 10.1038/s41541-023-00742-7 -
Modern Pathology : An Official Journal... Aug 2023Thymic hyperplasia is a rare condition generally caused by lymphoid follicular hyperplasia associated with autoimmune disorders. True thymic parenchymal hyperplasia...
Thymic hyperplasia is a rare condition generally caused by lymphoid follicular hyperplasia associated with autoimmune disorders. True thymic parenchymal hyperplasia unassociated with lymphoid follicular hyperplasia is extremely rare and may give rise to difficulties in diagnosis. We have studied 44 patients with true thymic hyperplasia (38 females and 6 males) aged 7 months to 64 years (mean, 36 years). Eighteen patients presented with symptoms of chest discomfort or shortness of breath; in 20 patients, the lesions were discovered incidentally. Imaging studies demonstrated enlargement of the mediastinum by a mass lesion suspicious for malignancy. All patients were treated with complete surgical excision. The tumors measured from 3.5 to 24 cm (median, 10 cm; mean, 10.46 cm). Histologic examination showed lobules of thymic tissue displaying well-developed corticomedullary architecture, with scattered Hassall corpuscles separated by mature adipose tissue and bounded by a thin fibrous capsule. No cases showed evidence of lymphoid follicular hyperplasia, cytologic atypia, or confluence of the lobules. Immunohistochemical studies showed a normal pattern of distribution for keratin-positive thymic epithelial cells against a background rich in CD3/TdT/CD1a lymphocytes. Twenty-nine cases had an initial clinical or pathological diagnosis of thymoma or thymoma vs thymic hyperplasia. Clinical follow-up in 26 cases showed that all patients were alive and well between 5 and 15 years after diagnosis (mean, 9 years). Thymic parenchymal hyperplasia causing significant enlargement of the normal thymus that is sufficient to cause symptoms or worrisome imaging findings should be considered in the differential diagnosis of anterior mediastinal masses. The criteria for distinguishing such lesions from lymphocyte-rich thymoma are presented.
Topics: Male; Female; Humans; Thymoma; Thymus Hyperplasia; Hyperplasia; Thymus Neoplasms; Diagnosis, Differential; Lymphadenopathy
PubMed: 37149223
DOI: 10.1016/j.modpat.2023.100207 -
Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) Oct 2023Mediastinal masses present a diagnostic challenge due to their diverse etiologies. Accurate localization and internal characteristics of the mass are the two most... (Review)
Review
Mediastinal masses present a diagnostic challenge due to their diverse etiologies. Accurate localization and internal characteristics of the mass are the two most important factors to narrow the differential diagnosis or provide a specific diagnosis. The International Thymic Malignancy Interest Group (ITMIG) classification is the standard classification system used to localize mediastinal masses. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are the two most commonly used imaging modalities for characterization of the mediastinal masses.
PubMed: 37891992
DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13203171