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Heliyon Aug 2023We conducted a feasibility cohort study which aimed to recruit and retain adults from the community to collect saliva (oral) and stool (gut) samples at three time...
We conducted a feasibility cohort study which aimed to recruit and retain adults from the community to collect saliva (oral) and stool (gut) samples at three time points, at the start of the study (baseline), during a respiratory tract infection (RTI) and post-RTI. Community RTIs place a huge burden on health care services, and a non-invasive microbial diagnostic tool to predict the most vulnerable to respiratory infection would be ideal. To this aim, we analysed oral-gut baseline samples comparing those who reported RTI symptoms to those who remained healthy throughout the study for microbial biomarkers of respiratory susceptibility. Amplicon sequence variants (ASV) were identified by 16S sequence profiling to reveal oral-gut microbes. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was applied to target common respiratory microbes. Two general practices were recruited, and the participant recruitment rate was 1.3%. A total of 40 adult participants were retained, of which 19 acquired an RTI whereas 21 remained healthy. In healthy baseline oral and gut samples, ASVs from participants with RTI symptoms compared to those who remained healthy were similar with a high relative abundance of sp., and sp., respectively. Linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) revealed baseline oral microbes differed, indicating participants who suffered RTI symptoms had enhanced and sp. and depletion of , Synergistetes, Verrucomicrobia and Dethiosulfovibrio. Furthermore, a random forest model ranked (4.13) as the highest mean decrease in accuracy (MDA) and RT-PCR showed a higher level of carriage of coagulase-negative . Baseline core gut microbes were similar in both participant groups whereas LEfSe analysis revealed enhanced , Rikenellaceae, , and and depleted and . (4.73) had a high MDA value. Overall, we demonstrated the feasibility of recruiting and retaining adult participants from the community to provide multiple biological samples for microbial profiling. Our analyses identified potential oral-gut microbial biomarkers of respiratory infection susceptibility in otherwise healthy participants.
PubMed: 37593638
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18610 -
Foods (Basel, Switzerland) Nov 2023Three mannan polysaccharides and their oligosaccharides were investigated in terms of physicochemical characteristics and effects on gut microbiota. Oligosaccharides...
Three mannan polysaccharides and their oligosaccharides were investigated in terms of physicochemical characteristics and effects on gut microbiota. Oligosaccharides from guar gum had the fastest fermentation kinetics for SCFAs generation at the initial stage, while the locust bean of both polymers and oligosaccharides demonstrated the lowest SCFAs through the whole fermentation process. In contrast, konjac gum steadily increased SCFAs and reached its maximum level at 24 h fermentation, indicating its fermentation character may be associated with its rheological properties. Compared to their corresponding polysaccharides, all the oligosaccharides demonstrated a faster fermentation kinetics, followed by an enriched abundance of propionate-producing bacterial and a decreased abundance of and . Meanwhile, oligosaccharides reduced the / ratio as well as the abundance of and . The fermentation of konjac substrate significantly promoted the abundance of butyrate-producing bacterial . In contrast, although the fermentation of locust bean and guar gum substrates benefited abundance due to their similar structure and monosaccharides composition, the fermentation of locust bean gum led to greater than the others, which may be associated with its higher mannose composition in the molecules. Interestingly, the partial hydrolysis of the three polysaccharides slightly reduced their prebiotic function.
PubMed: 37959121
DOI: 10.3390/foods12214002 -
Food Science and Biotechnology Dec 2023Three different fruit juices were prepared, and their effects on modulation of human fecal microbiota were elucidated through an anaerobic fermentation in vitro....
UNLABELLED
Three different fruit juices were prepared, and their effects on modulation of human fecal microbiota were elucidated through an anaerobic fermentation in vitro. Results indicated that the introduction of inoculatedly-fermented fruit juice promoted short-chain fatty acids productivity. Fecal microbiota analysis demonstrated up-regulations for abundances of , , , and , and down-regulations for numbers of , , , and . Correlation analysis confirmed relationships among sample components, short-chain fatty acids productivity, and microbial abundances, suggesting that sugars and organic acids stimulated growth of and suppressed proliferation of , thus uncovering the underlying mechanism for the better ability of inoculatedly-fermented fruit juice to regulate microbiota structure. Besides, clusters of orthologous groups of proteins analysis indicated that metabolite biosynthesis, energy metabolism, homeostasis maintenance and other physiological functions were ameliorated.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10068-023-01308-y.
PubMed: 37860745
DOI: 10.1007/s10068-023-01308-y -
Biochemistry and Biophysics Reports Sep 2023The incorporation of probiotics into the diet of large yellow croaker has been demonstrated by several studies to confer partial disease resistance. isolated from the...
The incorporation of probiotics into the diet of large yellow croaker has been demonstrated by several studies to confer partial disease resistance. isolated from the intestinal flora was used to study its effects on performance growth indicators, intestinal tissue structure, intestinal flora and the metabolism of . A total of 180 fishes with an initial body weight of (164.00 ± 54.00) g were fed diets with three different concentrations of : 0 cfu/mL (FC0, control group), 10 cfu/mL (FC8, treatment group), and 10 cfu/mL (FC12, treatment group). The results showed that there were no significant differences in specific growth rate among all groups ( > 0.05). Compared to the FC0 group, the final body weight and Weight gain rate were significantly higher in FC8 and FC12 groups ( < 0.05). The Survival of the FC12 group significantly improved ( < 0.05). Compared to the FC0 group, crude protein content in muscle of the FC8 group significantly increased ( < 0.05), crude fat content significantly increased in the FC12 group ( < 0.05), crude protein content in whole fish experimental groups significantly increased ( < 0.05), and ash content significantly increased in the FC8 group ( < 0.05). In terms of antioxidant ability, the content of LZM in blood increased significantly in the FC8 group ( < 0.05), GSH content in liver of the FC12 group increased significantly ( < 0.05), while the content of MDA and AKP in blood and liver had no significant difference ( > 0.05). At the level of intestinal structure, there were no significant differences in villus height, crypt depth and goblet cell number between control group and treatment groups ( > 0.05). At the phylum level, Firmicutes was the dominant phylum, and the genus level, and were the dominant bacteria in FC8 and FC12. A total of 1070 metabolites were identified, among which lipid metabolites accounted for 46.7%. Metabolites were involved in six main ways, mainly related to the metabolism of amino acids and lipids. The correlation analysis between microbes and metabolites showed that the intestinal flora of could promote the synthesis of metabolites, among which and could promote the synthesis of beneficial metabolites such as amino acids and vitamins. Through this study, we found that can significantly improve growth, the antioxidant immunity ability and promote the expression of growth related metabolites, with the FC12 group being the better successful.
PubMed: 37731665
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2023.101546 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jun 2024This study aimed to investigate the gut microbiota composition in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) compared to neurotypical (NT) children, with a focus on...
Comprehensive Analysis of Gut Microbiota Composition and Functional Metabolism in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Neurotypical Children: Implications for Sex-Based Differences and Metabolic Dysregulation.
This study aimed to investigate the gut microbiota composition in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) compared to neurotypical (NT) children, with a focus on identifying potential differences in gut bacteria between these groups. The microbiota was analyzed through the massive sequencing of region V3-V4 of the 16S RNA gene, utilizing DNA extracted from stool samples of participants. Our findings revealed no significant differences in the dominant bacterial phyla (Firmicutes, Bacteroidota, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Verrucomicrobiota) between the ASD and NT groups. However, at the genus level, notable disparities were observed in the abundance of , , , and , all of which have been previously associated with ASD. Furthermore, a sex-based analysis unveiled additional discrepancies in gut microbiota composition. Specifically, three genera (, , ) exhibited variations between male and female groups in both ASD and NT cohorts. Particularly noteworthy was the exclusive presence of in females with ASD. Analysis of predicted metabolic pathways suggested an enrichment of pathways related to amine and polyamine degradation, as well as amino acid degradation in the ASD group. Conversely, pathways implicated in carbohydrate biosynthesis, degradation, and fermentation were found to be underrepresented. Despite the limitations of our study, including a relatively small sample size (30 ASD and 31 NT children) and the utilization of predicted metabolic pathways derived from 16S RNA gene analysis rather than metagenome sequencing, our findings contribute to the growing body of evidence suggesting a potential association between gut microbiota composition and ASD. Future research endeavors should focus on validating these findings with larger sample sizes and exploring the functional significance of these microbial differences in ASD. Additionally, there is a critical need for further investigations to elucidate sex differences in gut microbiota composition and their potential implications for ASD pathology and treatment.
Topics: Humans; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Autism Spectrum Disorder; Female; Male; Child; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Bacteria; Feces; Child, Preschool; Sex Factors; Sex Characteristics; Metabolic Networks and Pathways
PubMed: 38928411
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126701 -
Veterinary Sciences Sep 2023There is growing interest in the application of fecal microbiota transplants (FMTs) in small animal medicine, but there are few published studies that have tested their...
There is growing interest in the application of fecal microbiota transplants (FMTs) in small animal medicine, but there are few published studies that have tested their effects in the domestic cat (). Here we use 16S rRNA gene sequencing to examine fecal microbiome changes in 46 domestic cats with chronic digestive issues that received FMTs using lyophilized stool that was delivered in oral capsules. Fecal samples were collected from FMT recipients before and two weeks after the end of the full course of 50 capsules, as well as from their stool donors (N = 10), and other healthy cats (N = 113). The fecal microbiomes of FMT recipients varied with host clinical signs and dry kibble consumption, and shifts in the relative abundances of , , , and were observed after FMT. Overall, donors shared 13% of their bacterial amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) with FMT recipients and the most commonly shared ASVs were classified as 9, , , and . Lastly, the fecal microbiomes of cats with diarrhea became more similar to the microbiomes of age-matched and diet-matched healthy cats compared to cats with constipation. Overall, our results suggest that microbiome responses to FMT may be modulated by the FMT recipient's initial presenting clinical signs, diet, and their donor's microbiome.
PubMed: 37756083
DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10090561 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2023Pullorum disease is one of the common bacterial infectious diseases caused by (), which can result in a decrease in the reproductive performance of laying hens, thus...
INTRODUCTION
Pullorum disease is one of the common bacterial infectious diseases caused by (), which can result in a decrease in the reproductive performance of laying hens, thus causing considerable economic losses. However, studies about the characteristics of intestinal microbiota with pullorum and their potential association with reproductive performance in hens are still limited. This study was to identify the gut microbiota associated with in poultry.
METHODS
A total of 30 hens with -negative (PN) and 30 hens with -positive (PP) were analyzed for hatching eggs laid in 2 weeks (HEL), fertilization eggs (FE), chick number (CN), and microbial structure.
RESULTS
There were significant differences in HEL ( < 0.01), FE ( < 0.01), and CN ( < 0.01) between PP and PN. Histomorphological observations showed abnormal morphology of the ovaries and fallopian tubes and low integrity of epithelial tissue in the ileum and cecum in PP. 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that beneficial cecal microbes, such as , and , were positively correlated with reproductive performance and had lower abundance in PP ( = 0.001). Furthermore, diminished phosphotransferase system (PTS) and pentose phosphate pathway, butanoate metabolism and oxidative phosphorylation were also found in PP.
DISCUSSION
Taken together, this study clarified the morphological characteristics of the reproductive tract and intestines of chickens infected with and preliminarily explored the potential association between cecal microbiota and reproductive performance in hens. Our data may provide a reference for revealing the intestinal microbial characteristics of hens in resisting pullorum and exploring novel approaches to infection control in future studies.
PubMed: 37577434
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1216542 -
Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment 2024There are some challenges to diagnosis in the context of similar diagnostic criteria for late-life depression (LLD) and adult depression due to cognitive impairment and...
PURPOSE
There are some challenges to diagnosis in the context of similar diagnostic criteria for late-life depression (LLD) and adult depression due to cognitive impairment and other clinical manifestations. The association between gut microbiota and inflammation remains unclear in LLD. We analyzed gut microbiota characteristics and serum inflammatory cytokines in individuals with LLD to explore the combined role of these two factors in potential biomarkers of LLD.
METHODS
This was an observational cross-sectional study. Fecal samples and peripheral blood from 29 patients and 33 sex- and age-matched healthy controls (HCs) were collected to detect gut microbiota and 12 inflammatory factors. We analyzed differences in diversity and composition of gut microbiota and evaluated relations among gut microbiota, inflammatory factors, and neuropsychological scales. We extracted potential biomarkers using receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis to predict LLD utilizing the combination of the microbiota and inflammatory cytokines.
RESULTS
Elevated systemic inflammatory cytokine levels and gut microbiota dysbiosis were found in LLD patients. Relative abundance of Verrucomicrobia at the phylum level and , and at the genus level among LLD patients was lower than HCs. Abundance of , , and was higher in LLD patients. Notably, IL6, IFNγ, Verrucomicrobia, and levels were correlated with depression severity. Our study identified IL6, , and as predictors of LLD, and their combination achieved an area under the curve of 0.962 in distinguishing LLD patients from HCs.
CONCLUSION
This research offers evidence of changes within gut microbiota and systemic inflammation in LLD. These findings possibly help elucidate functions of gut microbiota and systemic inflammation in LLD development and offer fresh ideas on biomarkers for clinical practise in the context of LLD.
PubMed: 38436041
DOI: 10.2147/NDT.S449224 -
Foods (Basel, Switzerland) Jul 2023Cereals are one of the most important foods on which human beings rely to sustain basic life activities and are closely related to human health. This study investigated...
Cereals are one of the most important foods on which human beings rely to sustain basic life activities and are closely related to human health. This study investigated the effects of different steamed buns on intestinal microbiota. Three steamed buns were prepared using refined flour (RF), 1:1 mixed flour (MF), and whole wheat flour (WF). In vitro digestion simulations were conducted using a bionic gastrointestinal reactor (BGR) to examine their influence on intestinal microbiota. The results showed that at 0.5% addition, butyric acid and short-chain fatty acids in WF were significantly different from those in RF and MF ( < 0.05). WF also promoted the proliferation of beneficial microbiota, such as and . At 0.5%, 1.0%, and 1.5% additions of WF, acetic acid and short-chain fatty acids at 1.5% WF increased by 1167.5% and 11.4% from 0.5% WF, respectively, and by 20.2% and 7.6% from 1.0% WF, respectively. WF also promoted the proliferation of , , and and inhibited the growth of pathogenic microbiota, such as , , and . These findings support the consumption of whole cereals and offer insights into the development of new functional foods derived from wheat.
PubMed: 37569116
DOI: 10.3390/foods12152847 -
BMC Microbiology Dec 2023Certain strains of probiotic bacteria can secret functional substances namely digestive enzymes and functional peptides to regulate physiological conditions such as...
Certain strains of probiotic bacteria can secret functional substances namely digestive enzymes and functional peptides to regulate physiological conditions such as digestion and anti-oxidation, which are often incorporated in industrial broiler chick production. However, few studies have detailed the action mechanisms and effects of these bacteria on regulating growth and anti-oxidation levels in broiler chickens. Ligilactobacillus salivarius is a strain of probiotic bacteria used as dietary supplement. In the present study, Ligilactobacillus salivarius was evaluated for its secreted digestive enzymes in vitro. To detailed evaluate the action mechanisms and effects of gastrointestinal tract (GIT) microbiota on alleviating anti-oxidation levels of broiler chickens through the gut-brain axis. Ligilactobacillus salivarius was cultured and supplemented in the food of broilers to evaluate the probiotic effect on growth and anti-oxidation by modulation of gut microbial composition and its functional metabolites using metagenomic and metabolomic assays. Biochemical results showed that Ligilactobacillus salivarius secreted digestive enzymes: protease, lipase, and amylase. Broiler chickens with Ligilactobacillus salivarius supplemented for 42 days, showed increased body weights, a reduced oxidative status, decreased malondialdehyde levels, and improved activities rates of total superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase IIand IV improved. The microbial composition of caecum was more abundant than those broiler without probiotics supplementation, owing 400 of total number (489) of bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTU). The genera of Lactobacillus, Megamonas, Ruminoccoccaceae, Ruminococcus, Alistipes and Helicobacter shared the dominant proportion of Candidatus _Arthromitus compared with the control chickens. These functional bacteria genera assisted in the transportation and digestion of amino acids, carbohydrates, and ions, synthesis of cellular membranes, and anti-oxidation. Uncultured_organism_g_ Anaerosporobacter, Lactobacillus salivarius, uncultured_bacterium_g_ Ruminococcaceae_UCG-014, uncultured_bacterium_g_ Peptococcus were strongly and positively correlated with body growth performance and anti-oxidation. A metabonomic assay suggested that the secreted of gamma-aminobutyric acid and monobactam was metabolized according to the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis. In conclusion, Ligilactobacillus salivarius optimized microbial composition of the caecum and secreted functional peptides through gut-brain axis to improve the body growth and antioxidation of broiler chicken.
Topics: Animals; Ligilactobacillus salivarius; Chickens; Brain-Gut Axis; Animal Feed; Probiotics; Bacteria; Peptides
PubMed: 38071295
DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-03135-x