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Experimental Psychology Jul 2023This study investigated the effects of semantic overlap from multiple sources on false memories. Participants were presented with paired study lists comprising items...
This study investigated the effects of semantic overlap from multiple sources on false memories. Participants were presented with paired study lists comprising items highly associated with one nonstudied critical item. There were three types of list pairs: (1) the sharing condition, in which the words in both lists were classified into different semantic groups that converged on the same critical word (semantic overlap), (2) the repetition condition, in which the two lists comprised identical words, and (3) the single condition, in which the paired lists were attributed to different semantic groups that did not share a critical item. In Experiment 1, participants were presented with the paired study lists and responded to free recall tests and a recognition test including judgments. In Experiment 2, the participants responded to a recognition test, and the participants in Experiment 3 recalled the studied items. The results indicated that the false recall and false recognition rates in the sharing condition were higher than those in the repetition and single conditions. These results suggest that activation from multiple independent sources may have an accumulative additive effect. The findings are discussed in relation to the Activation-Monitoring theory.
Topics: Humans; Semantics; Memory; Mental Recall; Judgment
PubMed: 38230884
DOI: 10.1027/1618-3169/a000593 -
Neuropsychology Jan 2024Much of our knowledge concerning the neural basis of human memory derives from lab-based verbal recall tasks. Outside of the lab, clinicians use validated and normed...
OBJECTIVE
Much of our knowledge concerning the neural basis of human memory derives from lab-based verbal recall tasks. Outside of the lab, clinicians use validated and normed neuropsychological tests to assess patients' memory function and to evaluate clinical interventions. Here we sought to establish the clinical validity of examining memory through multitrial free recall of semantically organized and unrelated word lists.
METHOD
We compare memory performance in multitrial free recall tasks with the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test and the California Verbal Learning Test, two common neuropsychological tests aimed at evaluating memory function in clinical settings. We compare predictive validity between the tasks by evaluating deficits in a patient sample and examining age-related declines in memory. We additionally compare test-retest reliability, establish convergent validity, and show the emergence of common recall dynamics between the tasks.
RESULTS
We demonstrate that both laboratory free recall tasks have better predictive validity and test-retest reliability than the established neuropsychological tests. We further show that all tasks have good convergent validity and reveal core memory processes, including temporal and semantic organization. However, we also demonstrate the benefits of repeated trials for evaluating the dynamics of memory search and their neuropsychological sequelae.
CONCLUSIONS
These results provide evidence for the clinical validity of lab-based multitrial free recall tasks and highlight their psychometric benefits over neuropsychological measures. Based on these results, we discuss the need to bridge the gap between clinical understanding of putative mechanisms underlying memory disorders and neuroscientific findings obtained using lab-based free recall tasks. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
Topics: Humans; Reproducibility of Results; Verbal Learning; Mental Recall; Memory; Neuropsychological Tests
PubMed: 37870806
DOI: 10.1037/neu0000910 -
Anesthesia and Analgesia Jan 2024
Topics: Mental Recall; Recognition, Psychology
PubMed: 38100808
DOI: 10.1213/ANE.0000000000006457 -
Nursing Outlook 2024
Topics: Humans; Mental Recall; Brain; Forecasting
PubMed: 38309793
DOI: 10.1016/j.outlook.2024.102109 -
Psychological Reports Oct 2023This study aimed to examine the false memories in individuals with stabilized schizophrenia. Using the Deese, Roediger, and McDermott (DRM) task, schizophrenia patients... (Review)
Review
This study aimed to examine the false memories in individuals with stabilized schizophrenia. Using the Deese, Roediger, and McDermott (DRM) task, schizophrenia patients and matched healthy controls had to recall words from each DRM list. Following the presentation of the DRM lists, the participants performed a recognition task. Neuropsychological tests were also administered. Results demonstrated that patients with schizophrenia recalled and recognized significantly fewer studied words than the healthy participants. This failure in retrieval is likely to result from a lack of encoding strategies. Results also showed that a stabilized schizophrenic pathology neither increased nor reduced false memories. Patients and controls showed high levels of false memories. Signal detection analyses revealed that patients discarded the critical word as not having been studied, relying on a lax decision criterion (based on familiarity, best guess or chance). Although false memories fell within the normal range for both groups, in individuals with schizophrenia they probably result from deficient encoding processes. Nevertheless, correlational analyses did not show which cognitive deficits contribute to false memories in schizophrenia.
Topics: Humans; Schizophrenia; Semantics; Memory; Mental Recall; Recognition, Psychology; Repression, Psychology
PubMed: 35379032
DOI: 10.1177/00332941221083213 -
International Journal of Molecular... Feb 2024Memory and learning are essential cognitive processes that enable us to obtain, retain, and recall information [...].
Memory and learning are essential cognitive processes that enable us to obtain, retain, and recall information [...].
Topics: Neuropsychological Tests; Learning; Mental Recall
PubMed: 38473973
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052724 -
PloS One 2023With the growing interest in using phages to combat antimicrobial resistance, computational methods for predicting phage-host interactions have been explored to help...
With the growing interest in using phages to combat antimicrobial resistance, computational methods for predicting phage-host interactions have been explored to help shortlist candidate phages. Most existing models consider entire proteomes and rely on manual feature engineering, which poses difficulty in selecting the most informative sequence properties to serve as input to the model. In this paper, we framed phage-host interaction prediction as a multiclass classification problem that takes as input the embeddings of a phage's receptor-binding proteins, which are known to be the key machinery for host recognition, and predicts the host genus. We explored different protein language models to automatically encode these protein sequences into dense embeddings without the need for additional alignment or structural information. We show that the use of embeddings of receptor-binding proteins presents improvements over handcrafted genomic and protein sequence features. The highest performance was obtained using the transformer-based protein language model ProtT5, resulting in a 3% to 4% increase in weighted F1 and recall scores across different prediction confidence thresholds, compared to using selected handcrafted sequence features.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Proteome; Bacteriophages; Differential Threshold; Mental Recall
PubMed: 37486915
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0289030 -
Psychiatry Research. Neuroimaging Sep 2023Inhibitory processes are thought to be important for memory function. A recent behavioral study that employed a face recognition paradigm reported that participants made...
Inhibitory processes are thought to be important for memory function. A recent behavioral study that employed a face recognition paradigm reported that participants made fewer "old" responses to highly similar faces than less similar faces, providing evidence that memory for faces may rely on related-item inhibition. However, these results could also be explained by a non-inhibitory recall-to-reject process. The current study sought to use fMRI connectivity analysis to distinguish between these hypotheses. Although both hypotheses predict correct rejection of highly similar faces will produce activity in the prefrontal cortex, the inhibition hypothesis predicts negative connectivity between the prefrontal cortex and regions associated with memory retrieval and face processing, whereas the recall-to-reject hypothesis predicts positive connectivity between these regions. During the study phase, participants were presented with male and female faces. During the test phase, they viewed old faces, related face morphs (20-80% similar to old faces), and new faces, and made "old"-"new" judgements. Correct rejection of highly similar face morphs was associated with increased activity in the right lateral prefrontal cortex and negative connectivity between this region and regions associated with face processing and memory retrieval. These results indicate that prefrontal cortex-mediated memory inhibition supports face recognition.
Topics: Female; Humans; Male; Facial Recognition; Inhibition, Psychological; Mental Recall; Prefrontal Cortex; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Models, Neurological; Adolescent; Young Adult; Adult; Functional Neuroimaging
PubMed: 37515914
DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2023.111693 -
Memory (Hove, England) Sep 2023Autobiographical memory (AM) is an important psychological phenomenon that has significance for self-development and mental health. The psychological mechanisms of...
Autobiographical memory (AM) is an important psychological phenomenon that has significance for self-development and mental health. The psychological mechanisms of emotional AM retrieval and their association with individual emotional symptoms remain largely unclear in the literature. For this purpose, the current study provided cue words to elicit emotional AMs. Event-related potentials (ERPs) associated with the retrieval process of AMs were recorded and analyzed. We found that the ERP component N400 was sensitive to both emotional valence and retrieval state, such that its amplitude was larger for negative compared to positive AMs, and larger responses for unrecalled compared to recalled AMs. Further, the N400 amplitude in the positive recalled condition was correlated with individual difference in depression (measured by the Beck Depression Inventory). Another ERP component, the late positive potential (LPP), was also sensitive to emotional valence, such that its amplitude was larger (i.e., more positive-going) for positive compared to negative cues. No significant effect was observed on the early ERP components P1, N1, or P2. The current findings bring new understanding on the difference between positive and negative AMs retrieval in the time domain. Also, the importance of this difference to the individual level of depression is worth noting.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Electroencephalography; Memory, Episodic; Evoked Potentials; Emotions; Mental Recall
PubMed: 37428138
DOI: 10.1080/09658211.2023.2220160 -
Memory & Cognition Aug 2023Readers simulate story characters' emotions, memories, and perceptual experiences. The current study consists of three experiments that investigated whether survival...
Readers simulate story characters' emotions, memories, and perceptual experiences. The current study consists of three experiments that investigated whether survival threat would amplify the mnemonic experience of a narrative. First, a replication study of Nairne et al. (Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 33 (2), 263-273, 2007) was conducted with minor methodological alternations and yielded improved recall for participants imagining themselves in a survival scenario over a moving scenario (Experiment 1). In Experiments 2 and 3, participants read stories about a character either stranded in the grasslands or moving to a foreign land. Improved recall for objects included in the story (Experiments 2 and 3) and recognition of story details (Experiment 3) was found when the character was in a survival situation. The largest effects were observed when the reader was asked to imagine themselves as the story character (Experiment 3). Overall, readers remembered survival-relevant details as if they were experiencing the story character's plight. These results extend research showing that survival processing enhances memory for word lists (e.g., Nairne et al., Psychological Science, 19 (2), 176-180, 2008).
Topics: Humans; Cognition; Mental Recall; Memory; Recognition, Psychology; Emotions
PubMed: 36633820
DOI: 10.3758/s13421-022-01391-2