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Nutrients Jan 2024Over recent decades, a growing body of evidence has emerged linking the composition of the gut microbiota to sleep regulation. Interestingly, the prevalence of sleep... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Over recent decades, a growing body of evidence has emerged linking the composition of the gut microbiota to sleep regulation. Interestingly, the prevalence of sleep disorders is commonly related to cardiometabolic comorbidities such as diabetes, impaired lipid metabolism, and metabolic syndrome (MetS). In this complex scenario, the role of the gut-brain axis as the main communicating pathway between gut microbiota and sleep regulation pathways in the brain reveals some common host-microbial biomarkers in both sleep disturbances and MetS. As the biological mechanisms behind this complex interacting network of neuroendocrine, immune, and metabolic pathways are not fully understood yet, the present systematic review aims to describe common microbial features between these two unrelated chronic conditions.
RESULTS
This systematic review highlights a total of 36 articles associating the gut microbial signature with MetS or sleep disorders. Specific emphasis is given to studies evaluating the effect of dietary patterns, dietary supplementation, and probiotics on MetS or sleep disturbances.
CONCLUSIONS
Dietary choices promote microbial composition and metabolites, causing both the amelioration and impairment of MetS and sleep homeostasis.
Topics: Humans; Metabolic Syndrome; Brain-Gut Axis; Probiotics; Diet; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Dysbiosis
PubMed: 38337675
DOI: 10.3390/nu16030390 -
Expert Review of Endocrinology &... 2023
Topics: Adolescent; Humans; Metabolic Syndrome; Pediatric Obesity; Risk Factors
PubMed: 37450420
DOI: 10.1080/17446651.2023.2236693 -
Frontiers in Endocrinology 2024Metabolic syndrome (MetS) and sarcopenia (SP) have emerged as significant public health concerns in contemporary societies, characterized by shared pathophysiological...
BACKGROUND
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) and sarcopenia (SP) have emerged as significant public health concerns in contemporary societies, characterized by shared pathophysiological mechanisms and interrelatedness, leading to profound health implications. In this prospective cohort study conducted within a US population, we aimed to examine the influence of MetS and SP on all-cause and cardiovascular mortality.
METHODS
This study analyzed data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) III for the years 1999-2006 and 2011-2018, and death outcomes were ascertained by linkage to National Death Index (NDI) records through December 31, 2019. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. In addition, subgroup and sensitivity analyses were conducted to test the robustness of the results.
RESULTS
Over a median follow-up period of 13.3 years (95% CI: 12.8-13.8), 1714 deaths were observed. The groups characterized by MetS-/SP+, MetS+/SP-, and MetS+/SP+ exhibited higher all-cause mortality rates in comparison to the MetS-/SP- group, with the MetS+/SP+ group (HR 1.76, 95% CI: 1.37-2.25) displaying the highest all-cause mortality. Increased cardiovascular mortality was observed in the MetS+/SP- (HR 1.84, 95% CI: 1.24-2.72), and MetS+/SP+ groups (HR 2.39, 95% CI: 1.32-4.35) compared to the MetS-/SP- group, whereas it was not statistically significant in the MetS-/SP+ group. However, among males and individuals aged < 60, the presence of both MetS and SP (MetS+/SP+ group) was found to be significantly associated with a higher risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality.
CONCLUSION
The coexistence of MetS and SP increased the risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, particularly in males and in nonelderly populations. Individuals with either MetS or SP may require more careful management to prevent the development of other diseases and thereby reduce mortality.
Topics: Male; Humans; Metabolic Syndrome; Nutrition Surveys; Prospective Studies; Sarcopenia; Cardiovascular Diseases
PubMed: 38596221
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1346669 -
Folia Medica Cracoviensia Jul 2023Prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components is a growing issue, including pediatric populations. However, because of many definitions used, it is...
Prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components is a growing issue, including pediatric populations. However, because of many definitions used, it is difficult to assess the true frequency of these problems. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of MetS and its components as well as the frequency of problems with inadequate nutritional status among adolescents. One hundred ninety-six teenagers aged 15-18 years, living in Krakow and its vicinity were examined including measurement of blood pressure, anthropometric parameters and blood levels of cholesterol and glucose. The prevalence of MetS was low and varied from 0.5% to 2.0% depending on the definition. Based on Cook's definition of MetS, the most common components were hypertension (12.8%) and hypertriglyceridemia (12.8%). Improper body weight (based on BMI) was found in 23.5% of adolescents, including 5.1% underweight, and 18.4% overweight or obese. According to the body fat percentage (BF%), 45.8% of the boys were underfat and 6.3% had too much body fat, while only 4% of the girls were below the BF% reference values and 15% above. All girls and 86.5% of boys had too low total body water. In conclusion, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in population of Krakow adolescents was relatively low, but more than 12% of the adolescents had a hypertension or hypertriglyceridemia. Based on BMI most of adolescents were found to have adequate body weight, but examination of fat content in the body high prevalence of underfat was observed, especially among boys.
Topics: Male; Child; Female; Humans; Adolescent; Metabolic Syndrome; Nutritional Status; Prevalence; Obesity; Hypertension; Hypertriglyceridemia; Body Mass Index; Risk Factors
PubMed: 37903385
DOI: 10.24425/fmc.2023.145919 -
Journal of the American Academy of... Mar 2024To summarize the available evidence on metabolic parameters indicating metabolic adverse effects and risk of metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents treated with...
OBJECTIVE
To summarize the available evidence on metabolic parameters indicating metabolic adverse effects and risk of metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents treated with antipsychotics, following a pre-specified protocol (PROSPERO ID 252336).
METHOD
We searched PubMed, Embase and PsycINFO until May 14, 2021, to identify systematic reviews (SR), meta-analyses (MA) and network meta-analyses (NMA) examining symptoms associated to metabolic syndrome in patients <18 years of age who required treatment with oral antipsychotic drugs. Evidence from quantitative analyses for all outcomes related to anthropometric, glyco-metabolic, and blood pressure parameters (measured from baseline to intervention-end and/or follow-up, in subjects exposed to antipsychotics and placebo) was reported on the basis of their metrics (median difference [medianD], mean difference [MD], standardized mean difference [SMD], odds ratio [OR], risk ratio ([RR]). A qualitative synthesis was also made. A formal quality assessment of the included studies was carried out by using the AMSTAR 2. We also provided a hierarchical stratification of the evidence from meta-analyses based on the class of evidence.
RESULTS
A total of 23 articles (13 MA, 4 NMA and 6 SR) were included for review. As compared with placebo, an increase in triglyceride levels was associated with olanzapine (medianD [95% CI]: 37 [12.27, 61.74] mg/dL; MD [95% CI]: 38.57 [21.44, 55.77] mg/dL) and quetiapine (medianD [95% CI]: 21.58 [95% CI]: 4.27, 38.31 mg/dL; MD [95% CI]: 34.87 [20.08, 49.67] mg/dL; SMD [95% CI]: 0.37 [0.06, 0.068]), whereas decreased triglyceride levels were found for lurasidone. Increased total cholesterol level was associated with asenapine (medianD [95% CI]: 9.1 [1.73, 16.44] mg/dL), quetiapine (medianD [95% CI]: 15.60 [7.30, 24.05] mg/dL; olanzapine (MD [95% CI] from 3.67 [1.43, 5.92] mg/dL to 20.47 [13.97, 26.94] mg/dL]; and lurasidone (medianD [95% CI]: 8.94 [1.27, 16.90] mg/dL). Change in glucose levels did not differ among antipsychotics or placebo. Lurasidone, molindone, and ziprasidone were the best tolerated in terms of weight gain. According to the AMSTAR 2 scoring system, 13 (56.5%) reviews were rated as very low quality. According to classes of evidence, most MA were level 4, especially because of their limited total sample size.
CONCLUSION
By collating meta-analyses assessing biochemical markers of metabolic syndrome in antipsychotic-treated children, we conclude that olanzapine should not be the antipsychotic of choice in patients at risk for hypertriglyceridemia or hypercholesterolemia. Aripiprazole and lurasidone appear to be better tolerated in terms of metabolic adverse events. Insufficient meta-analytic data are available to provide a precise risk estimate of metabolic syndrome, and, overall, the quality of evidence is low.
STUDY REGISTRATION INFORMATION
Association between the use of antipsychotic drugs and alterations of the parameters defining the Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) in children and adolescents: an umbrella review; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/; CRD42021252336.
Topics: Child; Humans; Adolescent; Antipsychotic Agents; Olanzapine; Quetiapine Fumarate; Lurasidone Hydrochloride; Metabolic Syndrome; Schizophrenia; Triglycerides
PubMed: 37391174
DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2023.04.018 -
Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders Mar 2024The association of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and renal function remains controversial in observational studies. To...
The association of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and renal function remains controversial in observational studies. To comprehensively investigate the association between MetS and its components with CKD and renal function, a Mendelian randomization (MR) study was performed. The inverse variance weighting (IVW) of random effects was used as the main estimation method, while MR-Egger and weighted median analysis results were used for auxiliary judgments. Cochran's Q test, MR-Egger intercept test, leave-one-out analysis, and funnel plots were used to assess heterogeneity and pleiotropy. The MR analyses of genetically predicted MetS and its components' association with CKD risk and renal function showed the following causal associations: hypertension with CKD risk; MetS and obesity with increased blood urea nitrogen and decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate based on cystatin C; hypertension and diabetes with increased urine albumin-creatinine ratio and increased risk of microalbuminuria; and CKD with increased triglyceride. Based on genetic data, this study demonstrated an association between hypertension and CKD risk and a causal association between other MetS components and renal function. The early diagnosis and prevention of MetS and its components might be essential for CKD management.
Topics: Humans; Metabolic Syndrome; Mendelian Randomization Analysis; Hypertension; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic; Kidney; Genome-Wide Association Study
PubMed: 37944108
DOI: 10.1089/met.2023.0161 -
International Journal of Environmental... Sep 2023Previous studies consistently report a high prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors among firefighters. However, the clustering of CVD risk factors,... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Previous studies consistently report a high prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors among firefighters. However, the clustering of CVD risk factors, defined as metabolic syndrome (MetSyn), has received little attention by comparison. Therefore, the aim of this study was to estimate the pooled prevalence of MetSyn among firefighters. Using combinations of free text for 'firefighter' and 'metabolic syndrome', databases were searched for eligible studies. Meta-analyses calculated weighted pooled prevalence estimates with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for MetSyn, its components and overweight/obesity. Univariate meta-regression was performed to explore sources of heterogeneity. Of 1440 articles screened, 25 studies were included in the final analysis. The pooled prevalence of MetSyn in 31,309 firefighters was 22.3% (95% CI: 17.7-27.0%). The prevalences of MetSyn components were hypertension: 39.1%; abdominal obesity: 37.9%; hypertriglyceridemia: 30.2%; dyslipidemia: 30.1%; and hyperglycemia: 21.1%. Overweight and obesity prevalence rates in firefighters were 44.1% and 35.6%, respectively. Meta-regression revealed that decreased risk of bias (RoB) score and increased body mass index (BMI) were positively associated with an increase in MetSyn prevalence. Since one in five firefighters may meet the criteria for MetSyn, novel interventions should be explored to both prevent MetSyn and reduce the onset of CVD risk factors.
Topics: Humans; Metabolic Syndrome; Prevalence; Overweight; Firefighters; Cardiovascular Diseases; Obesity; Risk Factors
PubMed: 37835084
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20196814 -
Frontiers in Public Health 2024Exposure to high levels of heavy metals has been widely recognized as an important risk factor for metabolic syndrome (MetS). The main purpose of this study is to assess...
BACKGROUND
Exposure to high levels of heavy metals has been widely recognized as an important risk factor for metabolic syndrome (MetS). The main purpose of this study is to assess the associations between the level of heavy metal exposure and Mets using machine learning (ML) method.
METHODS
The data used in this study are from the national health and nutrition examination survey 2003-2018. According to the demographic information and heavy metal exposure level of participants, a total of 22 variables were included. Lasso was used to screen out the key variables, and 9 commonly used ML models were selected to establish the associations with the 5-fold cross validation method. Finally, we choose the SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) method to explain the prediction results of Adaboost model.
RESULTS
11,667 eligible individuals were randomly divided into two groups to train and verify the prediction model. Through lasso, characteristic variables were selected from 24 variables as predictors. The AUC (area under curve) of the models selected in this study were all greater than 0.7, and AdaBoost was the best model. The AUC value of AdaBoost was 0.807, the accuracy was 0.720, and the sensitivity was 0.792. It is noteworthy that higher levels of cadmium, body mass index, cesium, being female, and increasing age were associated with an increased probability of MetS. Conversely, lower levels of cobalt and molybdenum were linked to a decrease in the estimated probability of MetS.
CONCLUSION
Our study highlights the AdaBoost model proved to be highly effective, precise, and resilient in detecting a correlation between exposure to heavy metals and MetS. Through the use of interpretable methods, we identified cadmium, molybdenum, cobalt, cesium, uranium, and barium as prominent contributors within the predictive model.
Topics: Humans; Machine Learning; Metabolic Syndrome; Female; Metals, Heavy; Male; Middle Aged; Adult; Nutrition Surveys; Risk Factors; Environmental Exposure; Aged; Body Mass Index
PubMed: 38686033
DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1378041 -
International Journal of Molecular... Mar 2024The identification of pathological links among metabolic disorders, kidney ailments, and cardiovascular conditions has given rise to the concept of... (Review)
Review
The identification of pathological links among metabolic disorders, kidney ailments, and cardiovascular conditions has given rise to the concept of cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome. Emerging prenatal risk factors seem to increase the likelihood of CKM syndrome across an individual's lifespan. The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) plays a crucial role in maternal-fetal health and maintaining homeostasis in cardiovascular, metabolic, and kidney functions. This review consolidates current preclinical evidence detailing how dysregulation of the RAS during pregnancy and lactation leads to CKM characteristics in offspring, elucidating the underlying mechanisms. The multi-organ effects of RAS, influencing fetal programming and triggering CKM traits in offspring, suggest it as a promising reprogramming strategy. Additionally, we present an overview of interventions targeting the RAS to prevent CKM traits. This comprehensive review of the potential role of the RAS in the early-life programming of CKM syndrome aims to expedite the clinical translation process, ultimately enhancing outcomes in cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic health.
Topics: Pregnancy; Female; Humans; Renin-Angiotensin System; Metabolic Syndrome; Kidney; Cardiovascular System; Heart; Hypertension
PubMed: 38542273
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25063298 -
Hormones (Athens, Greece) Sep 2023
Topics: Humans; Diabetes Mellitus; Metabolic Syndrome; Transgender Persons; Male; Female
PubMed: 37615848
DOI: 10.1007/s42000-023-00478-y