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Expert Review of Endocrinology &... 2023This study aimed to investigate the association between serum liver enzymes and the presence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) among Bangladeshi adults.
BACKGROUND
This study aimed to investigate the association between serum liver enzymes and the presence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) among Bangladeshi adults.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
A total of 602 participants (424 males and 178 females) were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Serum levels of liver enzymes (ALT, AST, GGT and ALP) and other biochemical parameters were measured by standard colorimetric methods. The relationship between liver enzymes and MetS was assessed by multivariable logistic regression models.
RESULTS
Overall, the prevalence of MetS was 34.9% among the participants. Of the four liver enzymes, the mean levels of serum ALT and GGT were significantly higher among subjects with MetS than those without MetS ( < 0.01). When liver enzyme levels were categorized into normal and elevated ranges, MetS and its component's prevalence was higher in the elevated group except for ALP. Serum ALT and GGT showed a significant relationship with the maximum components of MetS. According to the logistic regression analysis, elevated levels of ALT and GGT were significantly associated with the prevalence of MetS ( < 0.01 and < 0.001, respectively).
CONCLUSIONS
This study showed that elevated ALT and GGT levels were independently associated with MetS and its components.
Topics: Male; Female; Humans; Adult; Metabolic Syndrome; Risk Factors; Cross-Sectional Studies; Liver; gamma-Glutamyltransferase; Alanine Transaminase
PubMed: 37873597
DOI: 10.1080/17446651.2023.2272867 -
Saudi Medical Journal Oct 2023Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is characterized by the coexistence of several disorders comprising hypertension, abdominal obesity, insulin sensitivity, and dyslipidemia. In... (Review)
Review
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is characterized by the coexistence of several disorders comprising hypertension, abdominal obesity, insulin sensitivity, and dyslipidemia. In recent times, MetS has gained increased attention due to the global prevalence of obesity. Adipose tissue plays a crucial role in this syndrome by releasing various molecules significantly affecting lipid/insulin regulation, oxidative stress, and cardiovascular function. Tumor necrosis factor-α (p-α), an inflammatory cytokine, and adiponectin, an adipose tissue-specific protein, are considered vital adipokines that play a significant role in the pathogenesis of MetS. The impact of dietary ingredients on MetS management has been extensively studied over the past few decades. These plant-derived natural chemicals have demonstrated beneficial impacts on obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) due to their diverse properties. Saudi Arabia has a high prevalence of overweight and diabetes, but there has been limited research on the incidence of MetS in the country. As a result, in this review, we evaluated the prevalence of MetS in Saudi Arabia and its associated risk factors, as well as explored the mechanisms of progression of MetS and the role of natural phytochemicals in the prevention of MetS.
Topics: Humans; Metabolic Syndrome; Prevalence; Saudi Arabia; Insulin Resistance; Risk Factors; Obesity; Diabetes Mellitus
PubMed: 37777274
DOI: 10.15537/smj.2023.44.10.20230450 -
Journal of Gastroenterology and... Apr 2024Cohort studies have linked metabolic syndrome (MetS) to gastrointestinal (GI) cancer risk. We aimed to evaluate the associations between MetS, its components, and... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND AND AIM
Cohort studies have linked metabolic syndrome (MetS) to gastrointestinal (GI) cancer risk. We aimed to evaluate the associations between MetS, its components, and combinations of MetS components with eight GI cancers risk.
METHODS
We conducted a systematic search of prospective cohort studies and performed a meta-analysis. Subgroup analyses regarding diagnostic criteria, sex, cancer sites, histological subtypes, ethnic groups, and studies adjusted for alcohol consumption were carried out. Mendelian randomization (MR) was employed to evaluate the causality between 17 MetS-related traits and eight GI cancers among Europeans and Asians separately.
RESULTS
Meta-analyses of 31 prospective studies indicated that MetS was significantly associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) (RR [95% CI] = 1.13 [1.12-1.15]), esophageal cancer (EC) (RR [95% CI] = 1.17 [1.03-1.32]), gallbladder cancer (GBC) (RR [95% CI] = 1.37[1.10-1.71]), liver cancer (LC) (RR [95% CI] = 1.46 [1.29-1.64]), and pancreatic cancer (PaC) (RR [95% CI] = 1.25 [1.20-1.30]), but not gastric cancer (GC) (RR [95% CI] = 1.11 [0.96-1.28]). Regarding the associations between MetS components and GI cancers risk, the following associations showed statistical significance: obesity-CRC/LC/EC/, hypertriglyceridemia-LC/PaC, reduced high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-CRC/LC/GC/PaC, hyperglycemia-CRC/LC/PaC, and hypertension-CRC/LC/EC/PaC. Sex-specific associations were observed between individual MetS components on GI cancers risk. Among the top three common combinations in both sexes, obesity + HTN + hyperglycemia had the strongest association with CRC risk (RR [95% CI] = 1.54 [1.49-1.61] for males and 1.27 [1.21-1.33] for females). MR analyses revealed causality in 16 exposure-outcome pairs: waist-to-hip ratio/BMI/HbA1c-CRC; BMI/childhood obesity/waist circumference/T2DM/glucose-EC; BMI/waist circumference/cholesterol-LC; cholesterol/childhood obesity/waist circumference/HbA1c-PaC; and HbA1c-GBC. These results were robust against sensitivity analyses.
CONCLUSIONS
Since MetS is reversible, lifestyle changes or medical interventions targeting MetS patients might be potential prevention strategies for GI cancers.
Topics: Male; Female; Humans; Child; Metabolic Syndrome; Prospective Studies; Pediatric Obesity; Glycated Hemoglobin; Mendelian Randomization Analysis; Hypertension; Hyperglycemia; Stomach Neoplasms; Esophageal Neoplasms; Cholesterol; Risk Factors
PubMed: 38230882
DOI: 10.1111/jgh.16477 -
Zeitschrift Fur Gastroenterologie Oct 2023Cancer has become a leading cause of death among patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS). The more components of MetS a patient has, the higher his cancer risk is. MetS...
Cancer has become a leading cause of death among patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS). The more components of MetS a patient has, the higher his cancer risk is. MetS is causally associated with colorectal, pancreatic, gallbladder, biliary, hepatocellular, gastric and esophageal adenocarcinomas. MetS increases cancer mortality up to 2.4-fold. Intentional long-term weight loss reduces the excess cancer risk of obese MetS-patients. Preventing and treating the MetS together with GI cancer screening is effective and decreases the burden of GI cancer mortality significantly.
Topics: Humans; Early Detection of Cancer; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms; Metabolic Syndrome; Obesity; Risk Factors
PubMed: 36379464
DOI: 10.1055/a-1959-3829 -
Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism Feb 2024To investigate the effect of metabolic syndrome (MetS), genetic predisposition, and their interactions, on the risk of developing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease...
AIM
To investigate the effect of metabolic syndrome (MetS), genetic predisposition, and their interactions, on the risk of developing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
METHODS
Cohort analyses included 287 868 participants from the UK Biobank Study. A genetic risk score for COPD was created using 277 single nucleotide polymorphisms. Cox proportional hazard models were used to evaluate the hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for COPD in relation to exposure factors.
RESULTS
During 2 658 936 person-years of follow-up, 5877 incident cases of COPD were documented. Compared with participants without MetS, those with MetS had a higher risk of COPD (HR 1.24, 95% CI 1.17-1.32). Compared to participants with low genetic predisposition, those with high genetic predisposition had a 17% increased risk of COPD. In the joint analysis, compared with participants without MetS and low genetic predisposition, the HR for COPD for those with MetS and high genetic predisposition was 1.50 (95% CI 1.36-1.65; P < 0.001). However, no significant interaction between MetS and genetic risk was found.
CONCLUSIONS
Metabolic syndrome was found to be associated with an increased risk of COPD, regardless of genetic risk. It is crucial to conduct further randomized control trials to determine whether managing MetS and its individual components can potentially reduce the likelihood of developing COPD.
Topics: Humans; Metabolic Syndrome; Biological Specimen Banks; UK Biobank; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive; Risk Factors; Genetic Predisposition to Disease
PubMed: 37846527
DOI: 10.1111/dom.15334 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jul 2023The involvement of cardiovascular disease in cancer onset and development represents a contemporary interest in basic science. It has been recognized, from the most... (Review)
Review
The involvement of cardiovascular disease in cancer onset and development represents a contemporary interest in basic science. It has been recognized, from the most recent research, that metabolic syndrome-related conditions, ranging from atherosclerosis to diabetes, elicit many pathways regulating lipid metabolism and lipid signaling that are also linked to the same framework of multiple potential mechanisms for inducing cancer. Otherwise, dyslipidemia and endothelial cell dysfunction in atherosclerosis may present common or even interdependent changes, similar to oncogenic molecules elevated in many forms of cancer. However, whether endothelial cell dysfunction in atherosclerotic disease provides signals that promote the pre-clinical onset and proliferation of malignant cells is an issue that requires further understanding, even though more questions are presented with every answer. Here, we highlight the molecular mechanisms that point to a causal link between lipid metabolism and glucose homeostasis in metabolic syndrome-related atherosclerotic disease with the development of cancer. The knowledge of these breakthrough mechanisms may pave the way for the application of new therapeutic targets and for implementing interventions in clinical practice.
Topics: Humans; Metabolic Syndrome; Diabetes Mellitus; Atherosclerosis; Cardiovascular Diseases; Neoplasms
PubMed: 37511551
DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411786 -
Frontiers in Endocrinology 2024Metabolic syndrome (MetS) and cognitive dysfunction pose significant challenges to global health and the economy. Systemic inflammation, endocrine disruption, and... (Review)
Review
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) and cognitive dysfunction pose significant challenges to global health and the economy. Systemic inflammation, endocrine disruption, and autoregulatory impairment drive neurodegeneration and microcirculatory damage in MetS. Due to their unique anatomy and function, astrocytes sense and integrate multiple metabolic signals, including peripheral endocrine hormones and nutrients. Astrocytes and synapses engage in a complex dialogue of energetic and immunological interactions. Astrocytes act as a bridge between MetS and cognitive dysfunction, undergoing diverse activation in response to metabolic dysfunction. This article summarizes the alterations in astrocyte phenotypic characteristics across multiple pathological factors in MetS. It also discusses the clinical value of astrocytes as a critical pathologic diagnostic marker and potential therapeutic target for MetS-associated cognitive dysfunction.
Topics: Humans; Astrocytes; Metabolic Syndrome; Cognitive Dysfunction; Animals
PubMed: 38800473
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1393253 -
The Prostate Oct 2023Previous observational studies have indicated that metabolic abnormalities are associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). The limitations of the research...
BACKGROUND
Previous observational studies have indicated that metabolic abnormalities are associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). The limitations of the research methodology of observational studies do not allow causal inference to be drawn; however, Mendelian randomization (MR) can clarify this.
METHODS
Using summary-level data from genome-wide association studies, we conducted a two-sample MR study to examine the causality of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components on BPH (26,358 BPH cases and 110,070 controls). The random-effects inverse-variance weighted was employed as the primary method for MR analyses.
RESULTS
We observed that genetically predicted waist circumference (WC) (odds ratio [OR] = 1.236, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.034-1.478, p = 0.020) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (OR = 1.011, 95% CI: 1.002-1.020, p = 0.020) were significantly positively associated with BPH risk. We did not identify a causal effect of MetS (OR = 0.975, 95% CI: 0.922-1.031, p = 0.375), systolic blood pressure (OR = 1.004, 95% CI: 0.999-1.008, p = 0.115), triglycerides (OR = 1.016, 95% CI: 0.932-1.109, p = 0.712), high-density lipoprotein (OR = 1.005, 95% CI: 0.930-1.086, p = 0.907), and fasting blood glucose (OR = 1.037, 95% CI: 0.874-1.322, p = 0.678) on BPH. In the multivariable MR analysis, we observed that the risk effect of DBP (OR = 1.013, 95% CI: 1.000-1.026, p = 0.047) on BPH persisted after conditioning with WC (OR = 1.132, 95% CI: 0.946-1.356, p = 0.177).
CONCLUSIONS
Our study provides genetic evidence supporting the causal effect of DBP on BPH, although the effect of WC needs to be further validated.
Topics: Male; Humans; Metabolic Syndrome; Genome-Wide Association Study; Mendelian Randomization Analysis; Prostatic Hyperplasia; Odds Ratio; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
PubMed: 37455410
DOI: 10.1002/pros.24598 -
BMC Cardiovascular Disorders Aug 2023Metabolic syndrome is on the rise in India and is primarily linked to obesogenic dietary habits. The synergy of both is a prominent risk factor for cardiovascular...
BACKGROUND
Metabolic syndrome is on the rise in India and is primarily linked to obesogenic dietary habits. The synergy of both is a prominent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Hence, the present study aims to unveil clusters at high risk of metabolic syndrome and ascertain cluster characteristics based on dietary patterns among adolescents aged 10-19 years.
DATA AND METHODS
The study utilizes secondary data, i.e., Comprehensive National Nutrition Survey conducted in 2016-18. The study sample includes children and adolescents aged 10-19 years. An unsupervised learning algorithm was used to ascertain possible clusters in the data based on individuals' dietary patterns. The k-means were used to cluster the data according to their dietary patterns. To determine the number of clusters elbow method was used, and appropriate validation indices were also obtained for the final k. Further, to ascertain the distribution of the obesogenic dietary patterns and metabolic conditions in each cluster was analysed. Bivariate descriptive analysis was used to draw further inferences.
RESULTS
The k-means clusters identified five optimum clusters based on 12,318 adolescents (6333 males (mean age:14.2 ± 2.8) and 5985 females (mean age:14.3 ± 2.8)) 17 dietary patterns. Clusters were named based on how prudent these were in terms of consuming a healthy diet. Cluster phenotypic characteristics were defined as follows: a cluster of obesogenic diets (24%) constituted the highest proportion of the total sample and was significantly suffering from obesity (p < 0.001), and greater proportions of lipid anomalies (p = 0.51) and hypertension (p = 0.44) but not statistically significant. In contrast, 21% of the sample comprised a plant-based diet cluster and suffered from all deficiencies but folate (p = 0.625), zinc (p = 0.132), and greater proportion from obesity (p = 0.19; not significant), and diabetes (p < 0.001). A cluster of "convenient" (20%) mainly suffered from lipid anomalies (p = 0.00), diabetes (p = 0.03), and a greater proportion from hypertension (p = 0.56) with deficiencies of all the essential vitamins and minerals but significantly from vitamin A (p < 0.001), folate (p < 0.001), and iron (p = 0.017). Lastly, the cluster of those who follow a "Western diet" (17%) was found to have lipid anomalies (p = 0.003), diabetes (p = 0.016), greater proportion of vitamin B12 (p = 0.136), D (p = 0.002), folate (p < 0.001), and iron deficiencies (p = 0.013).
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE
Adolescents in India show a strong association between obesogenic diet and metabolic syndrome. Therefore, the burden of metabolic syndrome at early ages can be prevented by controlling obesogenic dietary practices and addressing micronutrient deficiencies. This may be done by targeted health promotional campaigns in schools and college-going populations in India.
Topics: Male; Child; Female; Humans; Adolescent; Metabolic Syndrome; Diet; Obesity; Lipids; Folic Acid; Hypertension; Cluster Analysis; India
PubMed: 37559027
DOI: 10.1186/s12872-023-03429-y -
Frontiers in Endocrinology 2023
Topics: Humans; Dysbiosis; Inflammation; Metabolic Syndrome; Obesity
PubMed: 37916148
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1265314