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Pest Management Science Dec 2023Fungicides are indispensable for high-quality crops, but the rapid emergence and evolution of fungicide resistance have become the most important issues in modern... (Review)
Review
Fungicides are indispensable for high-quality crops, but the rapid emergence and evolution of fungicide resistance have become the most important issues in modern agriculture. Hence, the sustainability and profitability of agricultural production have been challenged due to the limited number of fungicide chemical classes. Resistance to site-specific fungicides has principally been linked to target and non-target site mechanisms. These mechanisms change the structure or expression level, affecting fungicide efficacy and resulting in different and varying resistance levels. This review provides background information about fungicide resistance mechanisms and their implications for developing anti-resistance strategies in plant pathogens. Here, our purpose was to review changes at the target and non-target sites of quinone outside inhibitor (QoI) fungicides, methyl-benzimidazole carbamate (MBC) fungicides, demethylation inhibitor (DMI) fungicides, and succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI) fungicides and to evaluate if they may also be associated with a fitness cost on crop pathogen populations. The current knowledge suggests that understanding fungicide resistance mechanisms can facilitate resistance monitoring and assist in developing anti-resistance strategies and new fungicide molecules to help solve this issue. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Topics: Fungicides, Industrial; Drug Resistance, Fungal; Plant Diseases; Succinate Dehydrogenase; Crops, Agricultural
PubMed: 37592727
DOI: 10.1002/ps.7726 -
Gut Apr 2024
Topics: Humans; Ferritins
PubMed: 38538068
DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2023-331848 -
The Lancet. Haematology Sep 2023
Topics: Humans; Anemia, Iron-Deficiency; Iron; Ferritins
PubMed: 37536355
DOI: 10.1016/S2352-3026(23)00168-0 -
International Journal of Molecular... Aug 2023The influence of nanoscale surface topography on protein adsorption is highly important for numerous applications in medicine and technology. Herein, ferritin adsorption...
The influence of nanoscale surface topography on protein adsorption is highly important for numerous applications in medicine and technology. Herein, ferritin adsorption at flat and nanofaceted, single-crystalline AlO surfaces is investigated using atomic force microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The nanofaceted surfaces are generated by the thermal annealing of AlO wafers at temperatures above 1000 °C, which leads to the formation of faceted saw-tooth-like surface topographies with periodicities of about 160 nm and amplitudes of about 15 nm. Ferritin adsorption at these nanofaceted surfaces is notably suppressed compared to the flat surface at a concentration of 10 mg/mL, which is attributed to lower adsorption affinities of the newly formed facets. Consequently, adsorption is restricted mostly to the pattern grooves, where the proteins can maximize their contact area with the surface. However, this effect depends on the protein concentration, with an inverse trend being observed at 30 mg/mL. Furthermore, different ferritin adsorption behavior is observed at topographically similar nanofacet patterns fabricated at different annealing temperatures and attributed to different step and kink densities. These results demonstrate that while protein adsorption at solid surfaces can be notably affected by nanofacet patterns, fine-tuning protein adsorption in this way requires the precise control of facet properties.
Topics: Ferritins; Adsorption; Medicine; Microscopy, Atomic Force; Photoelectron Spectroscopy
PubMed: 37628990
DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612808 -
Biological Trace Element Research Feb 2024Copper (Cu), an essential trace element, is crucial for both the mother and fetus. Currently, an increasing number of studies have focused on blood copper levels during... (Review)
Review
Copper (Cu), an essential trace element, is crucial for both the mother and fetus. Currently, an increasing number of studies have focused on blood copper levels during pregnancy. Studies have found that blood copper levels in pregnant women are higher than those in reproductive-age women, but the trend, mainly in the 2nd and 3rd trimester, is still controversial. Most studies showed that blood copper levels gradually increased during pregnancy, while some studies found that blood copper levels remained stable or even decreased in the 3rd trimester. The possible mechanisms of variations in blood copper during pregnancy include the influence of estrogen (hepatic uptake and excretion, ceruloplasmin synthesis, maternal-fetal transport, etc.), the interaction of other trace elements (Fe, Zn, etc.) and other factors. Among them, maternal-fetal copper transport caused by elevated estrogen may be the main reason for the inconsistencies observed in the 2nd and 3rd trimester during pregnancy. However, there are some mechanisms require further investigation. In the future, the trend and mechanisms of blood copper during pregnancy should be explored more deeply to help doctors better monitor copper status and detect copper abnormalities in time.
Topics: Pregnancy; Female; Humans; Copper; Trace Elements; Fetus; Ceruloplasmin; Estrogens
PubMed: 37777692
DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03716-x -
Aging Aug 2023Atherosclerosis is characterized by the formation of fibrofatty plaques in the intima of arteries, resulting in thickening of the vessel wall and narrowing of the lumen....
OBJECTIVE
Atherosclerosis is characterized by the formation of fibrofatty plaques in the intima of arteries, resulting in thickening of the vessel wall and narrowing of the lumen. Chronic stress refers to individuals in a state of long-term chronic stress. However, the relationship between NDUFB11 and NDUFS3 and atherosclerosis and chronic stress is unclear.
METHOD
The atherosclerosis with chronic stress group data file was used. DEGs were screened and WGCNA was performed. Construction and analysis of PPI Network. Functional enrichment analysis, GSEA, gene expression heatmap, immune infiltration analysis and mRNA analysis were performed. CTD was used to find diseases most related to core genes. WB was performed. TargetScan was used to screen miRNAs of DEGs.
RESULTS
1708 DEGs were identified. According to GO analysis, they were mainly enriched in catabolic processes, organic acid metabolism processes, carboxylic acid metabolism processes. KEGG analysis showed that they were mainly enriched in metabolic pathways, fatty acid metabolism, pentose phosphate pathway, glycolysis / gluconeogenesis, fructose and mannose metabolism. Gene expression heatmap showed that the core genes (NDUFB11, NDUFS3) were lowly expressed in samples of those with atherosclerosis accompanied by chronic stress and highly expressed in the normal samples. NDUFB11 and NDUFS3 were associated with necrosis, hyperplasia, inflammation, renal disease, weight loss, memory impairment, and cognitive impairment. WB showed that the expression level of NDUFS3 in atherosclerosis and chronic stress was lower than that in control group.
CONCLUSIONS
NDUFB11 and NDUFS3 are underexpressed in atherosclerosis and chronic stress; the lower NDUFB11 and NDUFS3 levels, the worse the prognosis.
Topics: Humans; Atherosclerosis; MicroRNAs; Arteries; Cognitive Dysfunction; Fructose; NADH Dehydrogenase; Electron Transport Complex I
PubMed: 37642954
DOI: 10.18632/aging.204947 -
Molecular Biology Reports Oct 2023Ferritin light chain (FTL) is involved in tumor progression, but the specific molecular processes by which FTL affects the development of breast cancer (BRCA) have... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Ferritin light chain (FTL) is involved in tumor progression, but the specific molecular processes by which FTL affects the development of breast cancer (BRCA) have remained unknown. In this research, the clinicopathological significance of FTL overexpression in BRCA was investigated.
METHODS
To investigate the role of FTL in BRCA, we utilized multiple online databases to analyse FTL expression levels in BRCA. Next, we reviewed the expression and localization of the FTL protein in BRCA by immunohistochemistry (IHC), Western blot (WB) and immunofluorescence (IF) staining. To assess the impact of FTL on patient prognosis, we conducted Kaplan‒Meier, univariate and multivariate survival analyses. The relationship between FTL and immune infiltration in BRCA was also analysed in the TISCH and SangerBox databases. MTT, malondialdehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) assays were carried out to investigate the molecular mechanisms of FTL action in BRCA cells.
RESULTS
FTL was significantly upregulated in BRCA compared to normal tissues. Its expression significantly linked to histological grade (P = 0.038), PR expression (P = 0.021), Her2 expression (P = 0.012) and Ki-67 expression (P = 0.040) in patients with BRCA. Furthermore, the expression of the FTL protein was higher in the BRCA cell lines than in the normal breast cells and mainly localized in the cytoplasm. Compared to patients with a low level of FTL expression, patients with a high level of FTL expression showed lower overall survival (OS). More convincingly, univariate and multivariate statistical analyses revealed that FTL expression (P = 0.000), ER expression (P = 0.036) and Her2 expression (P = 0.028) were meaningful independent prognostic factors in patients with BRCA. FTL was associated with immune infiltration in BRCA. Functional experiments further revealed that FTL knockdown inhibited the capacity of proliferation and increased the level of oxidative stress in BRCA cells.
CONCLUSIONS
Overexpression of FTL was associated with the progression of BRCA. FTL overexpression may become a biomarker for the evaluation of poor prognosis in patients with BRCA.
Topics: Humans; Female; Breast Neoplasms; Apoferritins; Prognosis; Survival Analysis; Cytoplasm
PubMed: 37542685
DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08675-z -
Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta.... Jun 2024Ferroptosis is a programmed form of cell death regulated by iron and has been linked to the development of asthma. However, the precise mechanisms driving ferroptosis in...
Ferroptosis is a programmed form of cell death regulated by iron and has been linked to the development of asthma. However, the precise mechanisms driving ferroptosis in asthma remain elusive. To gain deeper insights, we conducted an analysis of nasal epithelial and sputum samples from the GEO database using three machine learning methods. Our investigation identified a pivotal gene, Arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase (ALOX15), associated with ferroptosis in asthma. Through both in vitro and in vivo experiments, we further confirmed the significant role of ALOX15 in ferroptosis in asthma. Our results demonstrate that ferroptosis manifests in an HDM/LPS-induced allergic airway inflammation (AAI) mouse model, mimicking human asthma, and in HDM/LPS-stimulated 16HBE cells. Moreover, we observed an up-regulation of ALOX15 expression in HDM/LPS-induced mice and cells. Notably, silencing ALOX15 markedly decreased HDM/LPS-induced ferroptosis in 16HBE cells. These findings indicate that ferroptosis may be implicated in the onset and progression of asthma, with ALOX15-induced lipid peroxidation raising the susceptibility to ferroptosis in asthmatic epithelial cells.
Topics: Ferroptosis; Arachidonate 15-Lipoxygenase; Animals; Lipid Peroxidation; Asthma; Humans; Mice; Epithelial Cells; Disease Models, Animal; Cell Line; Female; Arachidonate 12-Lipoxygenase
PubMed: 38641013
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167176 -
Nature Communications May 2024The interaction between nuclear receptor coactivator 4 (NCOA4) and the iron storage protein ferritin is a crucial component of cellular iron homeostasis. The binding of...
The interaction between nuclear receptor coactivator 4 (NCOA4) and the iron storage protein ferritin is a crucial component of cellular iron homeostasis. The binding of NCOA4 to the FTH1 subunits of ferritin initiates ferritinophagy-a ferritin-specific autophagic pathway leading to the release of the iron stored inside ferritin. The dysregulation of NCOA4 is associated with several diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders and cancer, highlighting the NCOA4-ferritin interface as a prime target for drug development. Here, we present the cryo-EM structure of the NCOA4-FTH1 interface, resolving 16 amino acids of NCOA4 that are crucial for the interaction. The characterization of mutants, designed to modulate the NCOA4-FTH1 interaction, is used to validate the significance of the different features of the binding site. Our results explain the role of the large solvent-exposed hydrophobic patch found on the surface of FTH1 and pave the way for the rational development of ferritinophagy modulators.
Topics: Ferritins; Humans; Nuclear Receptor Coactivators; Cryoelectron Microscopy; Protein Binding; Binding Sites; Iron; Autophagy; Models, Molecular; HEK293 Cells; Oxidoreductases; Proteolysis; Mutation
PubMed: 38714719
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48151-1 -
Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry Aug 2024Globins, such as myoglobin (Mb) and neuroglobin (Ngb), are ideal protein scaffolds for the design of functional metalloenzymes. To date, numerous approaches have been... (Review)
Review
Globins, such as myoglobin (Mb) and neuroglobin (Ngb), are ideal protein scaffolds for the design of functional metalloenzymes. To date, numerous approaches have been developed for enzyme design. This review presents a summary of the progress made in the design of functional metalloenzymes based on Mb and Ngb, with a focus on the exploitation of covalent interactions, including coordination bonds and covalent modifications. These include the construction of a metal-binding site, the incorporation of a non-native metal cofactor, the formation of Cys/Tyr-heme covalent links, and the design of disulfide bonds, as well as other Cys-covalent modifications. As exemplified by recent studies from our group and others, the designed metalloenzymes have potential applications in biocatalysis and bioconversions. Furthermore, we discuss the current trends in the design of functional metalloenzymes and highlight the importance of covalent interactions in the design of functional metalloenzymes.
Topics: Neuroglobin; Myoglobin; Globins; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Humans; Animals; Heme; Binding Sites; Metalloproteins; Protein Engineering
PubMed: 38759262
DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2024.112595