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The Plant Journal : For Cell and... Dec 2023Citrus production is severely threatened by the devastating Huanglongbing (HLB) disease globally. By studying and analyzing the defensive behaviors of an HLB-tolerant...
Small RNAs contribute to citrus Huanglongbing tolerance by manipulating methyl salicylate signaling and exogenous methyl salicylate primes citrus groves from emerging infection.
Citrus production is severely threatened by the devastating Huanglongbing (HLB) disease globally. By studying and analyzing the defensive behaviors of an HLB-tolerant citrus cultivar 'Shatangju', we discovered that citrus can sense Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas) infection and induce immune responses against HLB, which can be further strengthened by both endogenously produced and exogenously applied methyl salicylate (MeSA). This immune circuit is turned on by an miR2977-SAMT (encoding a citrus Salicylate [SA] O-methyltransferase) cascade, by which CLas infection leads to more in planta MeSA production and aerial emission. We provided both transgenic and multi-year trail evidences that MeSA is an effective community immune signal. Ambient MeSA accumulation and foliage application can effectively induce defense gene expression and significantly boost citrus performance. We also found that miRNAs are battle fields between citrus and CLas, and about 30% of the differential gene expression upon CLas infection are regulated by miRNAs. Furthermore, CLas hijacks host key processes by manipulating key citrus miRNAs, and citrus employs miRNAs that coordinately regulate defense-related genes. Based on our results, we proposed that miRNAs and associated components are key targets for engineering or breeding resistant citrus varieties. We anticipate that MeSA-based management, either induced expression or external application, would be a promising tool for HLB control.
Topics: Rhizobiaceae; Citrus; Plant Diseases; Plant Breeding; Salicylates; Liberibacter; MicroRNAs
PubMed: 37614043
DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16426 -
Frontiers in Chemistry 2023oil and are rich sources of bioactive compounds and have been utilized to formulate various herbal formulations, however, due to certain environmental conditions, pure...
oil and are rich sources of bioactive compounds and have been utilized to formulate various herbal formulations, however, due to certain environmental conditions, pure extract form is prone to degradation. Therefore, in this, study, a green hydrodistillation technology was used to extract and root for the further application in development of pectin crosslinked carboxymethyl cellulose/guar-gum nano hydrogel. Both oil and extract revealed the presence of spirojatamol and hexadecanoic acid methyl ester. Varied concentrations (w/w) of cross-linker and gelling agent were used to formulate oil emulsion extract gel (OEEG1, OEG1, OEEG2, OEG2, OEEG3, OEG3, OEEG4, OEG4, OEEG5, OEG5), in which OEEG2 and OEG2 were found to be stable. The hydrogel displayed an average droplet size of 186.7 nm and a zeta potential of -20.5 mV. Endo and exothermic peaks and the key functional groups including hydroxyl, amide II, and amide III groups confirmed thermal stability and molecular structure. The smooth surface confirmed structural uniformity. Bactericidal activity against both Gram-positive (25.41 ± 0.09 mm) and Gram-negative (27.25 ± 0.01 mm) bacteria and anti-inflammatory activity (49.25%-83.47%) makes nanohydrogel a potential option for treating various infections caused by pathogenic microorganisms. In conclusion, the use of green hydrodistillation technology can be used to extract the bioactive compounds that can be used in formulation of biocompatible and hydrophobic nanohydrogels. Their ability to absorb target-specific drugs makes them a potential option for treating various infections caused by pathogenic microorganisms.
PubMed: 37780989
DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1260165 -
ChemSusChem Dec 2023We herein report a general and efficient enantioselective C-H arylation of aryl bromides based on the use of BozPhos as the bisphosphine ligand and SP-NHC-Pd as...
We herein report a general and efficient enantioselective C-H arylation of aryl bromides based on the use of BozPhos as the bisphosphine ligand and SP-NHC-Pd as recoverable heterogeneous catalyst. By exploiting the "release and catch" mechanism of action of the catalytic system, we used BozPhos as a broadly applicable chiral ligand, furnishing high enantioselectivities across all types of examined substrates containing methyl, cyclopropyl and aryl C-H bonds. For each reaction, the reaction scope was investigated, giving rise to 30 enantioenriched products, obtained with high yields and enantioselectivities, and minimal palladium leaching. The developed catalytic system provides a more sustainable solution compared to homogeneous systems for the synthesis of high added-value chiral products through recycling of the precious metal.
PubMed: 37486306
DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202300609 -
International Journal of Biological... Jul 2023A novel reusable, high-compressible cotton regenerated cellulose/chitosan composite aerogel (RC/CSCA) was prepared using N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide (NMMO) as the green...
A novel reusable, high-compressible cotton regenerated cellulose/chitosan composite aerogel (RC/CSCA) was prepared using N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide (NMMO) as the green cellulose solvent, and glutaraldehyde (GA) as the crosslinking agent. The regenerated cellulose obtained from cotton pulp could chemically crosslink with chitosan and GA, to form a stable 3D porous structure. The GA played an essential role in preventing shrinkage and preserving the deformation recovery ability of RC/CSCA. Due to the ultralow density (13.92 mg/cm), thermal stability (above 300 °C), and high porosity (97.36 %), the positively charged RC/CSCA can be used as a novel biocomposite adsorbent for effective and selective removal of toxic anionic dyes from wastewater, showing an excellent adsorption capacity, environmental adaptability, and recyclability. The maximal adsorption capacity and removal efficiency of RC/CSCA for methyl orange (MO) was 742.68 mg/g and 95.83 %.
Topics: Chitosan; Coloring Agents; Adsorption; Cellulose; Water Pollutants, Chemical
PubMed: 37245747
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125067 -
Environmental Research Nov 2023In this article, we report the synthesis, characterization of novel biofriendly 2D/2D heterostructure WS/ZnInS material in which 2D WS nanosheets are uniformly...
In this article, we report the synthesis, characterization of novel biofriendly 2D/2D heterostructure WS/ZnInS material in which 2D WS nanosheets are uniformly distributed spatially onto the spherically arranged 2D leaves of ZnInS. We then studied the in-depth photocatalytic degradation activity of this novel nanocomposite and its pristine component materials on cationic dye: malachite green, anionic dye: congo red and reduction of heavy metal: chromium(VI) and the degradation efficiency of composite material was also tested on rhodamine-B, methylene blue, methyl orange dyes and acetaminophen/paracetamol drug. Form factor, structure factor and shape factor analysis has been carried out using X-ray diffractometry (XRD). Bond vibrations, functional groups and phonon vibration mode analysis has been done based on Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy. Morphological and compositional analysis has been done using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM). Surface area and pore size/distribution was characterized using Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) method and Barrett-Joyner-Halenda Model. Degradation pathways and intermediate products are proposed using the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Photocatalytic activity of the nanocomposite WS/ZnInS is compared with pristine ZnInS and pristine WS, which shows more than 50% enhancement in both efficiency and rate of degradation/reduction for all the pollutants. A scavenger study was carried out to get insight of primary and secondary reactive oxygen species (ROS) taking part in degradation. Exciton lifetime, surface charge and stability, and flat band positions were studied based on time-correlated single photon counting (TCSPC) also known as time-resolved photoluminescence (TRPL), zeta potential, and Mott-Schottky respectively. Rate kinetics study was performed to analyze the physical and chemical behaviour of the nanocomposite with pollutants in consideration. Results show ∼100%, ∼90%, and ∼95% degradation efficiency by the heterostructure for malachite green (MG), congo red (CR), and reduction of heavy metal chromium (Cr(VI)) respectively within 5 min, which is a huge improvement as compared to pristine WS and pristine ZnInS, both of which show the efficiencies of only ∼25% to∼75% in all the cases.
PubMed: 37481055
DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116715 -
Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton,... 2024In plants and algae, the glycerolipidome changes in response to environmental modifications. For instance, in phosphate starvation, phospholipids are degraded and...
In plants and algae, the glycerolipidome changes in response to environmental modifications. For instance, in phosphate starvation, phospholipids are degraded and replaced by non-phosphorus lipids, and in nitrogen starvation, storage lipids accumulate. In addition to the well-known applications of oil crops for food, algae lipids are becoming a model for potential applications in health, biofuel, and green chemistry and are used as a platform for genetic engineering. It is therefore important to measure accurately and quickly the glycerolipid content in plants and algae. Here we describe the methods to extract the lipid and quantify the fatty acid amount of the lipid extract and the different lipid classes that are present in these samples.
Topics: Plants; Fatty Acids; Phospholipids
PubMed: 38502507
DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3726-5_13 -
Food Chemistry Mar 2024The interactions between mucin and aroma compounds have been shown to affect aroma perception. This study aimed to investigate the binding behavior between mucin and...
The interactions between mucin and aroma compounds have been shown to affect aroma perception. This study aimed to investigate the binding behavior between mucin and bis(2-methyl-3-furyl) disulfide and reveal the interaction mechanism at different pH levels. Based on our results, the binding percentages between mucin and bis(2-methyl-3-furyl) disulfide ranged from 37.03 % to 71.87 % at different contents. The complexes formation between mucin and bis(2-methyl-3-furyl) disulfide was confirmed by turbidity, particle size, zeta-potential, and surface hydrophobicity analyses. According to the results of multispectral techniques and molecular dynamic simulation, mucin could interact with bis(2-methyl-3-furyl) disulfide by hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic interactions, and van der Waals force. Furthermore, the binding constants of mucin to bis(2-methyl-3-furyl) disulfide were 1.26 × 10, 1.14 × 10, and 9.13 × 10 L mol at pH 5.0, 7.0, and 8.5, respectively. These findings contribute to the comprehensive knowledge on the interaction mechanism between bis(2-methyl-3-furyl) disulfide and mucin, providing insights for flavor modulation in meat products.
Topics: Disulfides; Mucins; Odorants; Molecular Dynamics Simulation
PubMed: 37866101
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137762 -
Inorganic Chemistry Jul 2023Replacement of the chloride ligand of PtCl{κ-,,-[py-CHR-py]} (R = H (), Me ()) and PtCl{κ-,,-[py-O-CH-O-py]} () by hydroxido gives Pt(OH){κ-,,-[py-CHR-py]} (R = H (),...
Replacement of the chloride ligand of PtCl{κ-,,-[py-CHR-py]} (R = H (), Me ()) and PtCl{κ-,,-[py-O-CH-O-py]} () by hydroxido gives Pt(OH){κ-,,-[py-CHR-py]} (R = H (), Me ()) and Pt(OH){κ-,,-[py-O-CH-O-py]} (). These compounds promote deprotonation of 3-(2-pyridyl)pyrazole, 3-(2-pyridyl)-5-methylpyrazole, 3-(2-pyridyl)-5-trifluoromethylpyrazole, and 2-(2-pyridyl)-3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)pyrrole. The coordination of the anions generates square-planar derivatives, which in solution exist as a unique species or equilibria between isomers. Reactions of and with 3-(2-pyridyl)pyrazole and 3-(2-pyridyl)-5-methylpyrazole provide Pt{κ-,,-[py-CHR-py]}{κ--[R'pz-py]} (R = H; R' = H (), Me (). R = Me; R' = H (), Me ()), displaying κ--pyridylpyrazolate coordination. A 5-trifluoromethyl substituent causes N-to-N slide. Thus, 3-(2-pyridyl)-5-trifluoromethylpyrazole affords equilibria between Pt{κ-,,-[py-CHR-py]}{κ--[CFpz-py]} (R = H (), Me ()) and Pt{κ-,,-[py-CHR-py]}{κ--[CFpz-py]} (R = H (), Me ()). 1,3-Bis(2-pyridyloxy)phenyl allows the chelating coordination of the incoming anions. Deprotonations of 3-(2-pyridyl)pyrazole and its substituted 5-methyl counterpart promoted by lead to equilibria between Pt{κ-,,-[pyO-CH-Opy]}{κ--[R'pz-py]} (R' = H (), Me ()) with a κ--pyridylpyrazolate anion, keeping the pincer coordination of the di(pyridyloxy)aryl ligand, and Pt{κ-,-[pyO-CH(Opy)]}{κ--[R'pz-py]} (R' = H (), Me ()) with two chelates. Under the same conditions, 3-(2-pyridyl)-5-trifluoromethylpyrazole generates the three possible isomers: Pt{κ-,,-[pyO-CH-Opy]}{κ--[CFpz-py]} (), Pt{κ-,,-[pyO-CH-Opy]}{κ--[CFpz-py]} (), and Pt{κ-,-[pyO-CH(Opy)]}{κ-,-[CFpz-py]} (). The N-pyrazolate atom produces a remote stabilizing effect on the chelating form, pyridylpyrazolates being better chelate ligands than pyridylpyrrolates. Accordingly, reactions of - with 2-(2-pyridyl)-3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)pyrrole yield Pt{κ-,,-[py-CHR-py]}{κ--[(CF)C(py)HN]} (R = H (), Me ()) or Pt{κ-,,-[pyO-CH-Opy]}{κ--[(CF)C(py)HN]} (), displaying κ--pyrrolate coordination. Complexes - are efficient green phosphorescent emitters (488-576 nm). In poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) films and in dichloromethane, they experience self-quenching, due to molecular stacking. Aggregation occurs through aromatic π-π interactions, reinforced by weak platinum-platinum interactions.
PubMed: 37343120
DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c00694 -
Small (Weinheim An Der Bergstrasse,... Dec 2023For the enzyme immobilization platform, enhancing enzyme activity retention while improving enzyme stability remains a challenge for sensitive sensing analysis. Herein,...
For the enzyme immobilization platform, enhancing enzyme activity retention while improving enzyme stability remains a challenge for sensitive sensing analysis. Herein, an in situ biomimetic immobilized enzyme carrier (metal-pyrimidine nanoflowers, MPNFs) synthesized by the coordination of DNA base derivative (2-aminopyrimidine) with Zn in the aqueous phase at room temperature is developed. The biocompatibility of 2-aminopyrimidine and the hydrophilicity and green synthetic conditions of MPNFs allows the immobilized enzymes to retain above 91.2% catalytic activity. On this basis, a cascade catalytic platform is constructed by simultaneously immobilizing acetylcholinesterase (AChE), choline oxidase (CHO), and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) in MPNFs (AChE/CHO/HRP@MPNFs) for organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) colorimetric biosensing detection. The assay could specifically detect parathion-methyl within 13 min with a wider linear range (0.1-1000.0 nm) and a lower limit of detection (LOD) (0.032 nm). The remarkable stability of the immobilized enzymes is also achieved under harsh environments, room temperature storage, and recycling. Furthermore, a portable and cost-effective biosensing platform is developed by integrating AChE/CHO/HRP@MPNFs with a smartphone-assisted paper device for the on-site detection of OPs. Overall, the high catalytic activity retention and the enhanced detection performance demonstrate that MPNF is a robust carrier in enzyme immobilization and holds great promise in biosensing and other field applications.
Topics: Pesticides; Acetylcholinesterase; Organophosphorus Compounds; Enzymes, Immobilized; Biomimetics; Metals; Horseradish Peroxidase; Pyrimidines; Biosensing Techniques; Colorimetry
PubMed: 37612822
DOI: 10.1002/smll.202304077 -
Water Science and Technology : a... Dec 2023Elimination of the matrix effect is a major challenge in developing a method for the quantification of heavy metals (HMs) in water samples. In this regard, the current...
Elimination of the matrix effect is a major challenge in developing a method for the quantification of heavy metals (HMs) in water samples. In this regard, the current research describes the simultaneous analyses of Cu(II), Cd(II), and Ni(II) ions in water matrices through flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry (FAAS) after preconcentration with carrier element-free co-precipitation (CEFC) technique by the help of an organic co-precipitant, 3-{[5-(4-Chlorobenzyl)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl]-methyl}-4-[2,4-(dichlorobenzylidene)amino]-1H-1,2,4-triazole-5(4H)-thione (CCMBATT). Based on our literature research, CCMBATT was employed for the first time in this study as an organic co-precipitant for the preconcentration of HMs. Factors such as solution pH, concentration of co-precipitant, sample volume, standing time, centrifugation rate, and time were thoroughly examined and optimized to achieve the highest efficiency in terms of HM recovery. The limits of detection (LODs) (with 10 number of tests) of 0.54, 0.34, and 1.95 μg L and the relative standard deviations (RSD %) of 2.1, 3.3, and 3.0 were determined for Cu(II), Cd(II) and Ni(II) ions, respectively. Recovery results of HMs for the spiked samples were in the range of 92.8-101.0%, demonstrating the trueness of the method and its applicability to the water samples matrix.
Topics: Cadmium; Rivers; Metals, Heavy; Water; Limit of Detection; Spectrophotometry, Atomic; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Ions
PubMed: 38096074
DOI: 10.2166/wst.2023.371