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Chemosphere Jul 2024Minerals and organic matter are essential components of soil, with minerals acting as the "bone" and organic matter as the "skin". The interfacial interactions between... (Review)
Review
Minerals and organic matter are essential components of soil, with minerals acting as the "bone" and organic matter as the "skin". The interfacial interactions between minerals and organic matter result in changes in their chemical composition, structure, functional groups, and physical properties, possessing a significant impact on soil properties, functions, and biogeochemical cycles. Understanding the interfacial interactions of minerals and organic matter is imperative to advance soil remediation technologies and carbon targets. Consequently, there is a growing interest in the physicochemical identification of the interfacial interactions between minerals and organic matter in the academic community. This review provides an overview of the mechanisms underlying these interactions, including adsorption, co-precipitation, occlusion, redox, catalysis and dissolution. Moreover, it surveys various methods and techniques employed to characterize the mineral-organic matter interactions. Specifically, the up-to-date spectroscopic techniques for chemical information and advanced microscopy techniques for physical information are highlighted. The advantages and limitations of each method are also discussed. Finally, we outline future research directions for interfacial interactions and suggests areas for improvement and development of characterization techniques to better understand the mechanisms of mineral-organic matter interactions.
Topics: Minerals; Soil; Adsorption; Organic Chemicals; Oxidation-Reduction; Environmental Restoration and Remediation; Soil Pollutants
PubMed: 38768785
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142383 -
Environmental Science & Technology Jan 2024Global resource extraction raises concerns about environmental pressures and the security of mineral supply. Strategies to address these concerns depend on robust... (Review)
Review
Global resource extraction raises concerns about environmental pressures and the security of mineral supply. Strategies to address these concerns depend on robust information on natural resource endowments, and on suitable methods to monitor and model their changes over time. However, current mineral resources and reserves reporting and accounting workflows are poorly suited for addressing mineral depletion or answering questions about the long-term sustainable supply. Our integrative review finds that the lack of a robust theoretical concept and framework for mass-balance (MB)-consistent geological stock accounting hinders systematic industry-government data integration, resource governance, and strategy development. We evaluate the existing literature on geological stock accounting, identify shortcomings of current monitoring of mine production, and outline a conceptual framework for MB-consistent system integration based on material flow analysis (MFA). Our synthesis shows that recent developments in Earth observation, geoinformation management, and sustainability reporting act as catalysts that make MB-consistent geological stock accounting increasingly feasible. We propose first steps for its implementation and anticipate that our perspective as "resource realists" will facilitate the integration of geological and anthropogenic material systems, help secure future mineral supply, and support the global sustainability transition.
Topics: Conservation of Natural Resources; Minerals
PubMed: 38166114
DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c03088 -
The Journal of Nutrition Aug 2023A rapid 4-compartment (4C) model integrates dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and multi-frequency bioimpedance analysis (MFBIA), which may be useful for clinical...
BACKGROUND
A rapid 4-compartment (4C) model integrates dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and multi-frequency bioimpedance analysis (MFBIA), which may be useful for clinical and research settings seeking to employ a multi-compartment model.
OBJECTIVES
This study aimed to determine the added benefit of a rapid 4C model over stand-alone DXA and MFBIA when estimating body composition.
METHODS
One hundred and thirty participants (n = 60 male; n = 70 female) of Hispanic descent were included in the present analysis. A criterion 4C model that employed air displacement plethysmography (body volume), deuterium oxide (total body water), and DXA (bone mineral) was used to measure fat mass (FM), fat-free mass (FFM), and body fat percent (%BF). A rapid 4C model (DXA-derived body volume and bone mineral; MFBIA-derived total body water) and stand-alone DXA (GE Lunar Prodigy) and MFBIA (InBody 570) assessments were compared against the criterion 4C model.
RESULTS
Lin's concordance correlation coefficient values were >0.90 for all comparisons. The standard error of the estimates ranged from 1.3 to 2.0 kg, 1.6 to 2.2 kg, and 2.1 to 2.7% for FM, FFM, and %BF, respectively. The 95% limits of agreement ranged from ±3.0 to 4.2 kg, ±3.1 to 4.2 kg, and ±4.9 to 5.2% for FM, FFM, and %BF, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
Results revealed that all 3 methods provided acceptable body composition results. The MFBIA device used in the current study may be a more economically friendly option than DXA or when there is a need to minimize radiation exposure. Nonetheless, clinics and laboratories that already have a DXA device in place or that value having the lowest individual error when conducting a test may consider continuing to use the machine. Lastly, a rapid 4C model may be useful for assessing body composition measures observed in the current study and those provided by a multi-compartment model (e.g., protein).
Topics: Adult; Humans; Male; Female; Body Composition; Adipose Tissue; Absorptiometry, Photon; Hispanic or Latino; Minerals; Electric Impedance; Reproducibility of Results
PubMed: 37414360
DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.06.041 -
The New Phytologist Sep 2023The continuous imbalance between nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) deposition is expected to shift many ecosystems from N- to P limitation. Extraradical hyphae of...
The continuous imbalance between nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) deposition is expected to shift many ecosystems from N- to P limitation. Extraradical hyphae of ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi play important roles in plant nutrient acquisition under nutrient deficiency. However, whether and how ECM hyphae enhance soil P availability to alleviate N-induced P deficiency remains unclear. We investigated the impacts of ECM hyphae on transformations among different soil P fractions and underlying mechanisms under N deposition in two ECM-dominated forests. Ectomycorrhizal hyphae enhanced soil P availability under N addition by stimulating mineralization of organic P (Po) and desorption and solubilization of secondary mineral P, as indicated by N-induced increase in positive hyphal effect on plant-available P pool and negative hyphal effects on Po and secondary mineral P pools. Moreover, ECM hyphae increased soil phosphatase activity and abundance of microbial genes associated with Po mineralization and inorganic P solubilization, while decreasing concentrations of Fe/Al oxides. Our results suggest that ECM hyphae can alleviate N-induced P deficiency in ECM-dominated forests by regulating interactions between microbial and abiotic factors involved in soil P transformations. This advances our understanding of plant acclimation strategies via mediating plant-mycorrhiza interactions to sustain forest production and functional stability under changing environments.
Topics: Phosphorus; Ecosystem; Hyphae; Nitrogen; Forests; Mycorrhizae; Minerals; Plants; Soil; Soil Microbiology
PubMed: 37322611
DOI: 10.1111/nph.19078 -
Origins of Life and Evolution of the... Dec 2023Decorated vesicles in deep, seafloor basalts form abiotically, but show at least four life-analogous features, which makes them a candidate for origin of life research....
Decorated vesicles in deep, seafloor basalts form abiotically, but show at least four life-analogous features, which makes them a candidate for origin of life research. These features are a physical enclosure, carbon-assimilatory catalysts, semi-permeable boundaries, and a source of usable energy. The nanometer-to-micron-sized spherules on the inner walls of decorated vesicles are proposed to function as mineral proto-enzymes. Chemically, these structures resemble synthetic FeS clusters shown to convert CO, CO and H into methane, formate, and acetate. Secondary phyllosilicate minerals line the vesicles' inner walls and can span openings in the vesicles and thus can act as molecular sieves between the vesicles' interior and the surrounding aquifer. Lastly, basalt glass in the vesicle walls takes up protons, which replace cations in the silicate framework. This results in an inward proton flux, reciprocal outward flux of metal cations, more alkaline pH inside the vesicle than outside, and production of more phyllosilicates. Such life-like features could have been exploited to move decorated vesicles toward protolife systems. Decorated vesicles are proposed as study models of prebiotic systems that are expected to have existed on the early Earth and Earth-like exoplanets. Their analysis can lead to better understanding of changes in planetary geocycles during the origin of life.
Topics: Silicates; Cations
PubMed: 38072914
DOI: 10.1007/s11084-023-09643-0 -
Environmental Science and Pollution... Nov 2023The accurate calculation of the contribution which provided by clay minerals in coal on methane adsorption not only bares a significant importance for evaluating the...
The accurate calculation of the contribution which provided by clay minerals in coal on methane adsorption not only bares a significant importance for evaluating the effectiveness of acid stimulation in improving permeability and estimating the coalbed methane reserves but also serves a guide for the governance and utilization of methane resources. In this study, hydrochloric acid (HCl) and hydrofluoric acid (HF) were used to remove specific minerals in Qingdong coal samples. We firstly analyzed the mineral compositions of coal samples with different acidification treatments based on the X-ray diffraction (XRD) experiments, together with analysis of the changes in pore morphology and adsorption capacity. The results showed that acidification did not significantly change the shape of the pores, which remained slit-/plate-like pore. However, the altered adsorption capacity of the coal samples was attributed to changes in pore structure and mineral distribution. Acid erosion of mesopores promoted the transition from mesopores to macropores, contributing to an increase of 8.4% and 24.36% in the percentage of macropores in coal samples treated with HCl and HF, respectively. Fractal dimension D grew from 2.2193 to 2.3888 and 2.2572, respectively, but D decreased from 2.6146 to 2.5814 and 2.5433, indicating an increment in pore surface roughness and a simplification of the pore structure. The mineral richness of the coal seams should be taken into consideration when applying acid stimulation to increase permeability due to that the acidification products may block the passage of gas migration when the mineral content is slight, which can hinder gas extraction. The aim of this study is to quantitatively determine the contribution rate of clay minerals in coal to methane adsorption with a calculation method is provided by combining pore parameters and limit adsorption capacity, resulting in a contribution rate of 15%.
Topics: Adsorption; Clay; Hydrochloric Acid; Coal; Hydrofluoric Acid; Methane; Minerals; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
PubMed: 37875755
DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30414-x -
Environmental Science and Pollution... Nov 2023This paper reports for the first time the use and application of a novel technique in the characterization of mineral carbonation reaction and CO sequestration in soil...
This paper reports for the first time the use and application of a novel technique in the characterization of mineral carbonation reaction and CO sequestration in soil stabilization using flow meters. Soils based on SiO with two different sizes were tested. Lime (Ca(OH)) was used as the reactant. Instant CO flow rate (L/min), total CO volume (L), temperature (°C), and absolute pressure (kPa) were monitored and recorded for 1 h by flow meters connected to the mold inlet and outlet. It was determined that the mineral carbonation reaction started in the first seconds and ended before the 5th minute. The mineral carbonation is a short-term and potential reaction, and it is not a time-dependent reaction. It is separated from other carbonation reactions with these characteristics. The highest CO captured value was obtained in the soil mixed with 5% lime, where fines were not used. The second highest CO captured value was obtained in soil mixed with 1% lime, where fines were not used. CO captured with 1% lime is more than CO captured with 5% lime in the soil containing fines. Accordingly, 1-5% lime can be used in soil carbonation studies. According to the soil properties, the highest CO captured and the CO efficiency was achieved with the use of 6-7% water by weight.
Topics: Carbon Dioxide; Silicon Dioxide; Minerals; Carbonates; Soil
PubMed: 37875752
DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30562-0 -
Environmental Microbiology Reports Aug 2023Laboratory-based studies on microbial Fe(II) oxidation are commonly performed for 5-10 days in small volumes with high substrate concentrations, resulting in...
Laboratory-based studies on microbial Fe(II) oxidation are commonly performed for 5-10 days in small volumes with high substrate concentrations, resulting in geochemical gradients and volumetric effects caused by sampling. We used a chemostat to enable uninterrupted supply of medium and investigated autotrophic nitrate-reducing Fe(II)-oxidizing culture KS for 24 days. We analysed Fe- and N-speciation, cell-mineral associations, and the identity of minerals. Results were compared to batch systems (50 and 700 mL-static/shaken). The Fe(II) oxidation rate was highest in the chemostat with 7.57 mM Fe(II) d , while the extent of oxidation was similar to the other experimental setups (average oxidation of 92% of all Fe(II)). Short-range ordered Fe(III) phases, presumably ferrihydrite, precipitated and later goethite was detected in the chemostat. The 1 mM solid phase Fe(II) remained in the chemostat, up to 15 μM of reactive nitrite was measured, and 42% of visualized cells were partially or completely mineral-encrusted, likely caused by abiotic oxidation of Fe(II) by nitrite. Despite (partial) encrustation, cells were still viable. Our results show that even with similar oxidation rates as in batch cultures, cultivating Fe(II)-oxidizing microorganisms under continuous conditions reveals the importance of reactive nitrogen intermediates on Fe(II) oxidation, mineral formation and cell-mineral interactions.
Topics: Nitrates; Nitrites; Ferric Compounds; Ferrous Compounds; Oxidation-Reduction; Minerals; Bioreactors
PubMed: 36992623
DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.13149 -
Environmental Research Aug 2023
Topics: Minerals; Iron
PubMed: 36997040
DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115776 -
Environmental Science & Technology Oct 2023The mineralization and bioavailability of phytic acid, the predominant organic phosphorus (OP) species in many soils, have generally been rendered limited due to its...
The mineralization and bioavailability of phytic acid, the predominant organic phosphorus (OP) species in many soils, have generally been rendered limited due to its interaction with soil minerals. In particularly calcareous and neutral to slightly alkaline soils, phytic acid is known to actively react with calcite, although how this interaction affects phytic acid mineralization is still unknown. This study, therefore, investigated the mechanisms regarding how the calcite-water interface influences phytic acid mineralization by phytase, at pHs 6 and 8 using in situ spectroscopic techniques including solution nuclear magnetic resonance and attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The findings indicated a pH-specific effect of the calcite-water interface. Inhibited phytase activity and thus impaired phytic acid mineralization were induced by calcite at pH 6, while the opposite effect was observed at pH 8. How the interaction between phytic acid and calcite and between phytase and calcite differed between the two pH values contributed to the pH-specific effect. The results demonstrate the importance of soil pH, enzyme-, and OP-clay mineral interactions in controlling the mineralization and transformation of OP and, consequently, the release of phosphate in soils. The findings can also provide implications for the management of calcite-rich and limed soils.
Topics: Phosphorus; Calcium Carbonate; Water; Phytic Acid; 6-Phytase; Minerals; Soil
PubMed: 37857378
DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c06364