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International Journal of Pharmaceutics Nov 2023In the contemporary era, microorganisms, spanning bacteria and viruses, are increasingly acknowledged as emerging contaminants in the environment, presenting significant...
In the contemporary era, microorganisms, spanning bacteria and viruses, are increasingly acknowledged as emerging contaminants in the environment, presenting significant risks to public health. Nevertheless, conventional methods for disinfecting these microorganisms are often ineffective. Additionally, they come with disadvantages such as high energy usage, negative environmental consequences, increased expenses, and the generation of harmful byproducts. The development of next-generation antifungal and antibacterial agents is dependent on newly synthesized nanomaterials with inherent antimicrobial behavior. In this study, we report an arc-discharge method to synthesize MoO nanosheets and microbelts, followed by decorating them with ultrafine Ag nanoparticles (NPs). Scanning and transmission electron microscopies show that Ag NPs formation on the Molybdenum oxide nanostructures rolls them into nanotube caps (NTCs), revealing inner and outer diameters of approximately 19.8 nm and 105.5 nm, respectively. Additionally, the Ag NPs are ultrafine, with sizes in the range of 5-8 nm. Results show that the prepared NTCs exhibit dose-dependent sensitivity to both planktonic and biofilm cells of Escherichia coli and Candida albicans. The anti-biofilm activity in terms of biofilm inhibition ranged from 19.7 to 77.2% and 11.3-82.3%, while removal of more than 70% and 90% of preformed biofilms was achieved for E. coli and C. albicans, respectively, showing good potential for antimicrobial coating. Initial MoO exhibits positive potential, while Ag-decorated Molybdenum oxide NTCs show dual potential effects (positive for Molybdenum oxide NTCs and negative for Ag NPs. Molybdenum oxide NTCs, with their strong positive potential, efficiently attract microbes due to their negatively charged cell surfaces, facilitating the antimicrobial effect of Ag NPs, leading to cell damage and death. These findings suggest that the synthesized NPs could serve as a suitable coating for biomedical applications.
Topics: Metal Nanoparticles; Escherichia coli; Oxides; Silver; Anti-Infective Agents; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Nanotubes; Microbial Sensitivity Tests
PubMed: 37863449
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123528 -
Analytical Biochemistry Dec 2023As the most well-known analytical tool, the thermometer has been extended to the field of biological analysis based on the photothermal effect. Herein, isoniazide...
As the most well-known analytical tool, the thermometer has been extended to the field of biological analysis based on the photothermal effect. Herein, isoniazide modified Ag nanoparticles were prepared as nanolabels to build an immunoassay. The nanoparticles were characterized by transmission electron microscope (TEM), dynamic laser scattering (DLS), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR). When the target protein was present, the sandwich immunoassay was developed and the photothermal reaction was triggered by isoniazide modified Ag nanoparticles. As a reducing agent, isoniazide is used to transform phosphomolybdic acid hydrate into molybdenum blue solution. And molybdenum blue had good photothermal stability and high photothermal conversion efficiency. The temperature variation of molybdenum blue solution showed a positive correlation with the concentration of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). Thus, the target protein of CEA was quantitative detection by thermometer. The linear response range is 0.1 ng mL to 40 ng mL, and the detection limit is 0.08 ng mL. Moreover, the proposed protocol had satisfactory selectivity, accuracy, and reproducibility.
Topics: Carcinoembryonic Antigen; Metal Nanoparticles; Reproducibility of Results; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; Silver; Immunoassay; Limit of Detection; Gold
PubMed: 37890548
DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2023.115370 -
International Journal of... 2024Two extremophilic cyanobacterial-bacterial consortiums naturally grow in extreme habitats of high temperature and hypersaline were used to remediate hexavalent chromium...
Two extremophilic cyanobacterial-bacterial consortiums naturally grow in extreme habitats of high temperature and hypersaline were used to remediate hexavalent chromium and molybdenum ions. Extremophilic cyanobacterial-bacterial biomasses were collected from Zeiton and Aghormi Lakes in the Western Desert, Egypt, and were applied as novel and promising natural adsorbents for hexavalent chromium and molybdenum. Some physical characterizations of biosorbent surfaces were described using scanning electron microscope, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy, and surface area measure. The maximum removal efficiencies of both biosorbents were 15.62-22.72 mg/g for Cr(VI) and 42.15-46.29 mg/g for Mo(VI) at optimum conditions of pH 5, adsorbent biomass of 2.5-3.0 g/L, and 150 min contact time. Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption models were better fit for Cr(VI), whereas Langmuir model was better fit than the Freundlich model for Mo(VI) biosorption. The kinetic results revealed that the adsorption reaction obeyed the pseudo-second-order model confirming a chemisorption interaction between microbial films and the adsorbed metals. Zeiton biomass exhibited a relatively higher affinity for removing Cr(VI) than Aghormi biomass but a lower affinity for Mo(VI) removal. The results showed that these extremophiles are novel and promising candidates for toxic metal remediation.
Topics: Molybdenum; Extremophiles; Kinetics; Biodegradation, Environmental; Chromium; Cyanobacteria; Adsorption; Ions; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Water Pollutants, Chemical
PubMed: 37431240
DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2023.2232878 -
Cancer Science May 2024Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) patients have late presentation at the time of diagnosis and a poor prognosis. Metal dyshomeostasis is known to play a role in...
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) patients have late presentation at the time of diagnosis and a poor prognosis. Metal dyshomeostasis is known to play a role in cancer progression. However, the blood and tissue metallome of PDAC patients has not been assessed. This study aimed to determine the levels of essential and toxic metals in the serum and pancreatic tissue from PDAC patients. Serum samples were obtained from PDAC patients before surgical resection. Tissue (tumor and adjacent normal pancreas) were obtained from the surgically resected specimen. Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) analysis was performed to quantify the levels of 10 essential and 3 toxic metals in these samples. Statistical analysis was performed to identify dysregulated metals in PDAC and their role as potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. Significantly decreased serum levels of magnesium, potassium, calcium, iron, zinc, selenium, arsenic, and mercury and increased levels of molybdenum were shown to be associated with PDAC. There were significantly decreased levels of zinc, manganese and molybdenum, and increased levels of calcium and selenium in the pancreatic tumor tissue compared with the adjacent normal pancreas. Notably, lower serum levels of calcium, iron, and selenium, and higher levels of manganese, were significantly associated with a poor prognosis (i.e., overall survival) in PDAC patients. In conclusion, this is the first study to comprehensively assess the serum and tissue metallome of PDAC patients. It identified the association of metals with PDAC diagnosis and prognosis.
Topics: Humans; Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Female; Male; Middle Aged; Aged; Biomarkers, Tumor; Prognosis; Metals; Pancreas; Magnesium; Adult; Calcium; Selenium; Iron; Zinc; Molybdenum
PubMed: 38438247
DOI: 10.1111/cas.16124 -
Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety Sep 2023Epidemiological studies about the effect of essential metal mixture on fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels among elderly people are sparse. The object of this study was...
BACKGROUND
Epidemiological studies about the effect of essential metal mixture on fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels among elderly people are sparse. The object of this study was to examine the associations of single essential metals and essential metal mixture with FPG levels in Chinese community-dwelling elderly people.
METHODS
The study recruited 2348 community-dwelling elderly people in total. Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry was adopted to detect the levels of vanadium (V), selenium (Se), magnesium (Mg), cobalt (Co), calcium (Ca), and molybdenum (Mo) in urine. The relationships between single essential metals and essential metal mixture and FPG levels were evaluated by linear regression and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) models, respectively.
RESULTS
In multiple-metal linear regression models, urine V and Mg were negatively related to the FPG levels (β = - 0.016, 95 % CI: - 0.030 to - 0.003 for V; β = - 0.021, 95 % CI: - 0.033 to - 0.009 for Mg), and urine Se was positively related to the FPG levels (β = 0.024, 95 % CI: 0.014-0.034). In BKMR model, the significant relationships of Se and Mg with the FPG levels were also found. The essential metal mixture was negatively associated with FPG levels in a dose-response pattern, and Mg had the maximum posterior inclusion probability (PIP) value (PIP = 1.0000), followed by Se (PIP = 0.9968). Besides, Co showed a significant association with decreased FPG levels in older adults without hyperlipemia and in women.
CONCLUSIONS
Both Mg and Se were associated with FPG levels, individually and as a mixture. The essential metal mixture displayed a linear dose-response relationship with reduced FPG levels, with Mg having the largest contribution to FPG levels, followed by Se. Further prospective investigations are necessary to validate these exploratory findings.
Topics: Aged; Female; Humans; Bayes Theorem; Blood Glucose; Cobalt; East Asian People; Fasting; Independent Living; Selenium; Vanadium; Mass Spectrometry; Calcium; Magnesium; Molybdenum; Metals; Complex Mixtures
PubMed: 37499391
DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115289 -
Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach,... Feb 2024Thiomolybdates are molecular molybdenum-sulfide clusters formed from Mo centers and sulfur-based ligands. For decades, they have attracted the interest of synthetic... (Review)
Review
Thiomolybdates are molecular molybdenum-sulfide clusters formed from Mo centers and sulfur-based ligands. For decades, they have attracted the interest of synthetic chemists due to their unique structures and their relevance in biological systems, e.g., as reactive sites in enzymes. More recently, thiomolybdates are explored from the catalytic point of view and applied as homogeneous and molecular mimics of heterogeneous molybdenum sulfide catalysts. This review summarizes prominent examples of thiomolybdate-based electro- and photocatalysis and provides a comprehensive analysis of their reactivities under homogeneous and heterogenized conditions. Active sites of thiomolybdates relevant for the hydrogen evolution reaction are examined, aiming to shed light on the link between cluster structure and performance. The shift from solution-phase to surface-supported thiomolybdates is discussed with a focus on applications in electrocatalysis and photocatalysis. The outlook highlights current trends and emerging areas of thiomolybdate research, ending with a summary of challenges and key takeaway messages based on the state-of-the-art research.
PubMed: 37899494
DOI: 10.1002/adma.202305730 -
Applied and Environmental Microbiology Sep 2023All nitrogen-fixing bacteria and archaea (diazotrophs) use molybdenum (Mo) nitrogenase to reduce dinitrogen (N) to ammonia, with some also containing vanadium (V) and...
All nitrogen-fixing bacteria and archaea (diazotrophs) use molybdenum (Mo) nitrogenase to reduce dinitrogen (N) to ammonia, with some also containing vanadium (V) and iron-only (Fe) nitrogenases that lack Mo. Among diazotrophs, the regulation and usage of the alternative V-nitrogenase and Fe-nitrogenase in methanogens are largely unknown. contains , , and gene clusters encoding putative Mo-nitrogenase, V-nitrogenase, and Fe-nitrogenase, respectively. This study investigated nitrogenase expression and growth by in response to fixed nitrogen, Mo/V availability, and CRISPRi repression of the , , and/or gene clusters. The availability of Mo and V significantly affected growth of with N but not with NHCl. exhibited the fastest growth rate and highest cell yield during growth with N in medium containing Mo, and the slowest growth in medium lacking Mo and V. qPCR analysis revealed the transcription of the operon is only moderately affected by depletion of fixed nitrogen and Mo, whereas and transcription increased significantly when fixed nitrogen and Mo were depleted, with removal of Mo being key. Immunoblot analysis revealed Mo-nitrogenase is detected when fixed nitrogen is depleted regardless of Mo availability, while V-nitrogenase and Fe-nitrogenase are detected only in the absence of fixed nitrogen and Mo. CRISPRi repression studies revealed that V-nitrogenase and/or Fe-nitrogenase are required for Mo-independent diazotrophy, and unexpectedly that the expression of Mo-nitrogenase is also required. These results reveal that alternative nitrogenase production in is tightly controlled and dependent on Mo-nitrogenase expression. IMPORTANCE Methanogens and closely related methanotrophs are the only archaea known or predicted to possess nitrogenase. Methanogens play critical roles in both the global biological nitrogen and carbon cycles. Moreover, methanogens are an ancient microbial lineage and nitrogenase likely originated in methanogens. An understanding of the usage and properties of nitrogenases in methanogens can provide new insight into the evolution of nitrogen fixation and aid in the development nitrogenase-based biotechnology. This study provides the first evidence that a methanogen can produce all three forms of nitrogenases, including simultaneously. The results reveal components of Mo-nitrogenase regulate or are needed to produce V-nitrogenase and Fe-nitrogenase in methanogens, a result not seen in bacteria. Overall, this study provides a foundation to understand the assembly, regulation, and activity of the alternative nitrogenases in methanogens.
Topics: Nitrogenase; Molybdenum; Methanosarcina; Nitrogen; Nitrogen Fixation; Archaea
PubMed: 37695043
DOI: 10.1128/aem.01033-23 -
Cell Reports Dec 2023During hypoxia, increases in cerebral blood flow maintain brain oxygen delivery. Here, we describe a mechanism of brain oxygen sensing that mediates the dilation of...
During hypoxia, increases in cerebral blood flow maintain brain oxygen delivery. Here, we describe a mechanism of brain oxygen sensing that mediates the dilation of intraparenchymal cerebral blood vessels in response to reductions in oxygen supply. In vitro and in vivo experiments conducted in rodent models show that during hypoxia, cortical astrocytes produce the potent vasodilator nitric oxide (NO) via nitrite reduction in mitochondria. Inhibition of mitochondrial respiration mimics, but also occludes, the effect of hypoxia on NO production in astrocytes. Astrocytes display high expression of the molybdenum-cofactor-containing mitochondrial enzyme sulfite oxidase, which can catalyze nitrite reduction in hypoxia. Replacement of molybdenum with tungsten or knockdown of sulfite oxidase expression in astrocytes blocks hypoxia-induced NO production by these glial cells and reduces the cerebrovascular response to hypoxia. These data identify astrocyte mitochondria as brain oxygen sensors that regulate cerebral blood flow during hypoxia via release of nitric oxide.
Topics: Humans; Nitrites; Astrocytes; Nitric Oxide; Molybdenum; Hypoxia; Oxygen; Mitochondria; Hypoxia, Brain; Oxidoreductases Acting on Sulfur Group Donors; Cerebrovascular Circulation
PubMed: 38041814
DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113514 -
American Journal of Orthodontics and... Nov 2023The objective of this study was to determine and compare the moment-to-force (Mc/F) ratio and the type of tooth movement generated in the anterior and posterior segments...
INTRODUCTION
The objective of this study was to determine and compare the moment-to-force (Mc/F) ratio and the type of tooth movement generated in the anterior and posterior segments in orthodontic space closure with stainless steel and titanium-molybdenum alloy loop archwires.
METHODS
Three-dimensional model of the maxilla from which the first premolar was extracted, 18 × 25-mil slot stainless steel brackets, and 16 × 22-mil stainless steel and β titanium-molybdenum alloy (TMA) closing loop archwires with anterior gable bend of 15° and posterior gable bend of 25° were constructed. The archwires were engaged in the brackets, and 1-mm activations were carried out, which were repeated 5 times. The anterior and posterior segment Mc/F ratio and the type of tooth movement generated by the 2 wires were compared.
RESULTS
It was found that the Mc/F ratio for the anterior segment was approximately 5 mm, and for posterior teeth was approximately 10 mm for both stainless steel and TMA closing loop archwire. The anterior teeth exhibited controlled tipping, whereas the posterior teeth showed bodily tooth movement, which was in accordance with the Mc/F ratio that was obtained.
CONCLUSIONS
The Mc/F ratio and the type of tooth movement exhibited by stainless steel and TMA closing loop archwires were similar in both anterior and posterior segments.
Topics: Humans; Stainless Steel; Molybdenum; Titanium; Finite Element Analysis; Friction; Orthodontic Brackets; Orthodontic Wires; Dental Stress Analysis; Alloys; Dental Alloys; Materials Testing; Orthodontic Appliance Design
PubMed: 37656072
DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2023.06.010 -
Journal of Nanobiotechnology Sep 2023Curcumin (Cur), a bioactive component of Chinese traditional medicine, has demonstrated inhibitory properties against cancer cell proliferation while synergistically...
BACKGROUND
Curcumin (Cur), a bioactive component of Chinese traditional medicine, has demonstrated inhibitory properties against cancer cell proliferation while synergistically enhancing the anticancer efficacy of erlotinib (Er). However, the individual limitations of both drugs, including poor aqueous solubility, lack of targeting ability, short half-life, etc., and their distinct pharmacokinetic profiles mitigate or eliminate their combined antitumor potential.
RESULTS
In this study, we developed a molybdenum disulfide (MoS)-based delivery system, functionalized with polyethylene glycol (PEG) and biotin, and co-loaded with Cur and Er, to achieve efficient cancer therapy. The MoS-PEG-Biotin-Cur/Er system effectively converted near-infrared (NIR) light into heat, thereby inducing direct photothermal ablation of cancer cells and promoting controlled release of Cur and Er. Biotin-mediated tumor targeting facilitated the selective accumulation of MoS-PEG-Biotin-Cur/Er at the tumor site, thus enhancing the synergistic antitumor effects of Cur and Er. Remarkably, MoS-PEG-Biotin-Cur/Er achieved the combination of synergistic chemotherapy and photothermal therapy (PTT) upon NIR irradiation, effectively suppressing lung cancer cell proliferation and inhabiting tumor growth in vivo.
CONCLUSIONS
The as-synthesized MoS-PEG-Biotin-Cur/Er, featuring high targeting ability, NIR light-responsive drug release, and the integration of synergistic chemotherapy and PTT, may provide a promising strategy for the treatment of lung cancer in clinical practice.
Topics: Humans; Curcumin; Erlotinib Hydrochloride; Photothermal Therapy; Biotin; Molybdenum; Lung Neoplasms; Polyethylene Glycols
PubMed: 37717020
DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-02099-4