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Journal of Pharmacy & Bioallied Sciences Apr 2024Herbal composite preparation was studied with the aim of inhibiting the virulence factors of two dental pathogens: and . A novel herbal composite was developed using...
Herbal Composite Preparation and Investigating its Efficiency to Inhibit Biofilm Formation and Virulence Factors of and - Formulation of Mouthwash Using a Herbal Composite and Evaluating its Anti-microbial Activity.
Herbal composite preparation was studied with the aim of inhibiting the virulence factors of two dental pathogens: and . A novel herbal composite was developed using the herbal extracts of and . During the study, the following observations were noted. The minimal inhibitory concentration of and composites (WBc) was obtained for the test concentration of 20 μg/ml (16 ± 0.57 mm and 15 ± 0.75 mm of inhibitory zones against and , respectively). Biofilm inhibition assay results revealed about 0.51 ± 1.25 mg/ml and 0.53 ± 0.57 mg/ml of minimal biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC) against and , respectively. The effect of WBc on lactic acid production showed that 200 μg/ml and 400 μg/ml concentrates reduced up to 80% and 70% in and , respectively. Formulated herbal mouthwash showed good stability under all three different test conditions (5°C, 25°C, and 40°C) as the color, odor, phase separation, and homogeneity were not changed for the period of 3 months. The anti-bacterial activity of formulated mouthwash (30 μg/ml) exhibited maximum inhibitory zones of about 18 ± 0.75 mm and 19 ± 1.05 mm against the respective test bacteria - and . Amplification of and genes showed 246 bp and 294 bp fragments of and 238 bp and 280 bp fragments of during agarose electrophoretic analysis. The docking report revealed -5.84 Kcal/Mol binding energy and found three hydrogen bonding between the quercetin and target protein, of . The target protein, of , and quercetin had -6.72 Kcal/Mol binding energy and found four hydrogen bonds between them. The developed composite could be optimized in future to develop a novel and biocompatible herbal mouthwash for the prevention of different dental caries and gingival inflammation associated with dental biofilm formation.
PubMed: 38882878
DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_998_23 -
International Journal of Clinical... Nov 2023To summarize and analyze all the available literature on the use of over-the-counter toothpaste and mouthwashes with whitening agents and their possible effects on... (Review)
Review
AIM
To summarize and analyze all the available literature on the use of over-the-counter toothpaste and mouthwashes with whitening agents and their possible effects on orthodontic treatment.
BACKGROUND
Tooth color change frequently occurs during orthodontic treatment and represents a self-perceived need. According to the patient's perspective, there is a preference for the use of toothpaste and mouthwashes with some whitening effect.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
An electronic bibliographic search in English was carried out until June 2022, in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. Randomized or nonrandomized clinical trials and experimental laboratory studies were included.
REVIEW RESULTS
A total of 57 papers were obtained from an electronic search and 11 studies were included in the review. Outcomes such as strength force elastomeric, color stability, frictional resistance, ion release, shear bond strength (SBS), and adhesive remnant index (ARI) were evaluated.
CONCLUSION
Toothpaste and mouthwashes with whitening action did not have a favorable effect on most of the outcomes evaluated. In some cases regular toothpaste showed a better effect and in other cases, there were no differences with the control group. Only in the outcome release of ions from wires to whitening effect in teeth with or without attached brackets, they have a better performance.
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
Due to the unfavorable effects of over-the-counter whitening toothpaste and mouthwashes on orthodontic materials and appliances, their use should be justified during treatment.
HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE
Chinchay-Ruesta S, Ortiz-Pizarro M, Rodríguez-Díaz DR, Effect of Over-the-counter Whitening Toothpaste and Mouthwash in Orthodontics: A Literature Review. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2023;16(S-3):S311-S316.
PubMed: 38268642
DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-2703 -
International Dental Journal Nov 2023The potential association between antimicrobial mouthwash use and systemic health has gained attention in recent years with reports highlighting how some common systemic...
The potential association between antimicrobial mouthwash use and systemic health has gained attention in recent years with reports highlighting how some common systemic conditions are influenced by the use of different types of mouthwashes. In this context, links between mouthwash use and cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, oral cancer, Alzheimer's disease, and preeclampsia have been proposed, albeit with limited levels of evidence. Chlorhexidine mouthwash in particular has been the most widely studied agent while available data on other types of over-the-counter mouthwashes are generally scarce. Furthermore, there is currently no evidence-based recommendations on the appropriate use of mouthwashes during pregnancy. This article will present the current evidence on the association between mouthwash use and the aforementioned conditions with emphasis on the mechanisms that may underlie such an association.
Topics: Humans; Mouthwashes; Chlorhexidine; Anti-Infective Agents; Diabetes Mellitus; Mouth Neoplasms
PubMed: 37867067
DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2023.08.012 -
The Journal of Evidence-based Dental... Sep 2023No standard approach other than oral care is available for preventing chemotherapy-induced stomatitis in patients with breast cancer. In this randomized, controlled... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF A DEXAMETHASONE-BASED MOUTHWASH TO PREVENT CHEMOTHERAPY-INDUCED STOMATITIS IN WOMEN WITH BREAST CANCER: A MULTICENTRE, OPEN-LABEL, RANDOMISED PHASE 2 STUDY.
PURPOSE
No standard approach other than oral care is available for preventing chemotherapy-induced stomatitis in patients with breast cancer. In this randomized, controlled phase 2 trial, we aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of a dexamethasone-based mouthwash in preventing chemotherapy-induced stomatitis in patients with early breast cancer.
BASIC PROCEDURES
Patients with breast cancer scheduled for epirubicin and cyclophosphamide (EC) or docetaxel and cyclophosphamide (TC) therapy were selected and allocated in a 1:1 ratio to the intervention and control groups. The intervention group received chemotherapy, oral care, and a dexamethasone-based mouthwash, whereas the control group received chemotherapy and oral care. The primary endpoint was the incidence of stomatitis. This was a phase 2 study, and the significance level for the analysis of the primary endpoint was set a priori at 0.2.
MAIN FINDINGS
Data pertaining to 58 patients in the control group and 59 patients in the intervention group were analyzed. Stomatitis incidence was 55% and 38% in the control and intervention groups, respectively (risk ratio, 0.68; 80% confidence interval, 0.52-0.88; P = .052). Stomatitis severity was lower in the intervention group than in the control group (P = .03). The proportion of patients who adhered to the mouthwash regimen was 87% (interquartile range, 67.8%-95.3%). No severe oral infections were observed.
PRINCIPAL CONCLUSIONS
The dexamethasone-based mouthwash safely reduced stomatitis incidence and severity in patients receiving chemotherapy for early breast cancer. Phase 3 clinical trials are warranted for validating our results.
Topics: Humans; Female; Mouthwashes; Breast Neoplasms; Stomatitis; Cyclophosphamide; Antineoplastic Agents; Dexamethasone
PubMed: 37689451
DOI: 10.1016/j.jebdp.2023.101896 -
International Journal of Dental Hygiene May 2024The comprehension of the interests of Internet users regarding their health-related searches may reveal the community's demands about oral health. The study aimed to...
BACKGROUND
The comprehension of the interests of Internet users regarding their health-related searches may reveal the community's demands about oral health. The study aimed to characterize the interests of Google users related to mouthwash in Australia, Brazil, Chile, Japan, Mexico, Russia, the United Kingdom, the United States, Saudi Arabia and South Africa applying the Google Trends.
METHODS
This longitudinal retrospective study analysed the mouthwash-related interest of Google users from January 2004 to December 2020. The monthly variation of relative search volume (RSV) and the main queries related were determined using Google Trends. Autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) forecasting models were built to establish the predictive RSV values for mouthwash for additional 12 months. Auto-correlation plots and a general additive model (GAM) were used to diagnose trends and seasonality in RSV curves. In addition, the influence of social isolation related to the outbreak of COVID-19 were analysed.
RESULTS
The RSVs curves showed a considerable increase in searches related to mouthwash to AUS, BRA, JAP, MEX, GBR and USA (RSV > 25), while the growth was slight to CHI, KSA, RSA and RUS (RSV < 25) over the years, without influence of monthly seasonality. All countries showed a significant increase in mouthwash interest after the outbreak of COVID-19, except for KSA and RUS. The mouthwash-related searches were associated to specific brands or chemical compositions, treatments, whitening agents, homemade mouthwash and indications for the 'best mouthwash'.
CONCLUSIONS
In general, there was an increasing interest of Google users in mouthwash-related topics between 2004 and 2020. In addition, in most countries, there was an expansion in searches during the social isolation of the COVID-19 pandemics.
Topics: Humans; United States; Mouthwashes; Retrospective Studies; COVID-19; Brazil; Oral Health
PubMed: 37721314
DOI: 10.1111/idh.12755 -
The Journal of Hospital Infection Sep 2023This systematic review and network meta-analysis (NMA) comprehensively compared the effectiveness of different mouth rinses in reducing the viral load/infectivity of... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVE
This systematic review and network meta-analysis (NMA) comprehensively compared the effectiveness of different mouth rinses in reducing the viral load/infectivity of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) (Part I), alleviating clinical symptoms or severity of disease (Part II), and decreasing the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection (Part III).
METHODS
Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and non-randomized controlled trials (NRCTs) with restrictions were searched up to 3 March 2023. Twenty-three studies (22 RCTs and one NRCT) met the inclusion criteria for this systematic review.
RESULTS
Five RCTs (454 patients and nine interventions) in Part I were eligible for NMA. The NMA results showed that, in comparison with no rinse, sodium chloride (NaCl) was the most effective mouth rinse for reducing the viral load, followed by povidone-iodine (PVP-I), ß-cyclodextrin + citrox (CDCM), hydrogen peroxide (HP), chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX), cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC), placebo and hypochlorous acid (HClO). However, these results were not significant. Based on surface under the cumulative ranking curve scores, PVP-I was likely to be the most efficacious mouth rinse for reducing SARS-CoV-2 viral load, followed by CDCM, HP, NaCl, CHX, CPC, placebo, no rinse and HClO.
CONCLUSION
Due to heterogeneity of the primary studies, the effectiveness of different mouth rinses to reduce viral infectivity, improve clinical symptoms or prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection remains inconclusive.
Topics: Humans; COVID-19; Mouthwashes; Povidone-Iodine; SARS-CoV-2; Sodium Chloride; Network Meta-Analysis; Hydrogen Peroxide; Mouth
PubMed: 37419189
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2023.06.022 -
Scientific Reports Feb 2024Periodontitis is known to be associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and gargling with mouthwash is known to reduce the incidence of periodontitis by inhibiting...
Periodontitis is known to be associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and gargling with mouthwash is known to reduce the incidence of periodontitis by inhibiting periodontal pathogens. However, the effects of mouthwash on oral and systemic conditions in patients with T2DM remain unknown. In this study, we investigated the effects of gargling with mouthwash on the number of red complex species, including Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, and Tannerella forsythia, and HbA1c levels in patients with T2DM. Patients were instructed to gargle with water for 6 months, followed by gargling with mouthwash containing chlorhexidine gluconate for the subsequent 6 months. At each clinic visit, saliva was collected and bacterial DNA was extracted to detect red complex species using the polymerase chain reaction technique. The HbA1c level was determined using a blood sample. The number of red complex species significantly decreased in younger or male patients who gargled with mouthwash. Furthermore, HbA1c levels significantly decreased in younger patients or patients with higher HbA1c levels who gargled with mouthwash. These results suggest that gargling with mouthwash reduces the number of red complex species and improves the hyperglycemic status in patients with T2DM, especially younger patients.
Topics: Humans; Male; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Mouthwashes; Glycated Hemoglobin; Glycemic Control; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Periodontitis
PubMed: 38307981
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53213-x -
Scientific Reports Nov 2023Preterm birth prediction is essential for improving neonatal outcomes. While many machine learning techniques have been applied to predict preterm birth using health...
Preterm birth prediction is essential for improving neonatal outcomes. While many machine learning techniques have been applied to predict preterm birth using health records, inflammatory markers, and vaginal microbiome data, the role of prenatal oral microbiome remains unclear. This study aimed to compare oral microbiome compositions between a preterm and a full-term birth group, identify oral microbiome associated with preterm birth, and develop a preterm birth prediction model using machine learning of oral microbiome compositions. Participants included singleton pregnant women admitted to Jeonbuk National University Hospital between 2019 and 2021. Subjects were divided into a preterm and a full-term birth group based on pregnancy outcomes. Oral microbiome samples were collected using mouthwash within 24 h before delivery and 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing was performed to analyze taxonomy. Differentially abundant taxa were identified using DESeq2. A random forest classifier was applied to predict preterm birth based on the oral microbiome. A total of 59 women participated in this study, with 30 in the preterm birth group and 29 in the full-term birth group. There was no significant difference in maternal clinical characteristics between the preterm and the full-birth group. Twenty-five differentially abundant taxa were identified, including 22 full-term birth-enriched taxa and 3 preterm birth-enriched taxa. The random forest classifier achieved high balanced accuracies (0.765 ± 0.071) using the 9 most important taxa. Our study identified 25 differentially abundant taxa that could differentiate preterm and full-term birth groups. A preterm birth prediction model was developed using machine learning of oral microbiome compositions in mouthwash samples. Findings of this study suggest the potential of using oral microbiome for predicting preterm birth. Further multi-center and larger studies are required to validate our results before clinical applications.
Topics: Pregnancy; Female; Infant, Newborn; Humans; Premature Birth; Mouthwashes; Microbiota; Pregnancy Outcome; Machine Learning; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
PubMed: 38036587
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48466-x -
BMC Oral Health Dec 2023We aimed to assess the therapeutic effects of a topical probiotic nano-formulation derived from Lactobacillus reuteri on treating recurrent aphthous stomatitis. (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
OBJECTIVES
We aimed to assess the therapeutic effects of a topical probiotic nano-formulation derived from Lactobacillus reuteri on treating recurrent aphthous stomatitis.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
60 participants were randomly allocated into two groups (control and probiotic). Probiotic group administered topical probiotic nano-formulation three times a day for seven days. The control group administered a standard analgesic oral rinse. The size of ulcer(s) and pain severity were recorded on days 0, 3, 5, and 7 after intervention.
RESULTS
Before the intervention, the groups had no significant differences in terms of pain severity (P-value = 0.28) and lesion size (P-value = 0.24). Both groups exhibited significant reductions in pain severity and lesion size over the course of the intervention. After one week, the probiotic group had a notably larger lesion size reduction than the control group (P-value = 0.01). The probiotic group also showed a significantly greater reduction in pain severity than the control group (P-value = 0.04).
CONCLUSIONS
Applying topical probiotic nano-formulation derived from Lactobacillus reuteri three times a day decreased lesion size and pain severity in RAS patients faster than the local analgesic oral rinse.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Lactobacillus reuteri-derived probiotic nano-formulation might be a promising treatment option for RAS.
Topics: Humans; Analgesics; Double-Blind Method; Limosilactobacillus reuteri; Mouthwashes; Probiotics; Stomatitis, Aphthous
PubMed: 38114936
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03756-8 -
Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy =... Aug 20231,8-Cineole, the main component of volatile oil in aromatic plants, has diverse pharmacological properties, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer...
1,8-Cineole, the main component of volatile oil in aromatic plants, has diverse pharmacological properties, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer properties. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a common microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus (DM). Here, we investigated the protective effect of 1,8-cineole on DR and found that 1,8-cineole treatment could alter the expression of several genes in both high glucose (HG)-induced ARPE-19 cells and retinal tissues of DM mice, as well as inhibit ferroptosis. Subsequent investigations into the molecular mechanisms underlying this inhibition revealed that expression of thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) was significantly upregulated while that of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ) was significantly downregulated in HG-induced ARPE-19 cells, and treatment with 1,8-cineole could effectively reverse these changes. Treatment with a PPAR-γ pharmacological agonist (rosiglitazone), alone or combined with 1,8-cineole, significantly inhibited the transcription of TXNIP and ferroptosis in HG-induced ARPE-19 cells. Conversely, pretreatment with GW9662, a PPAR-γ inhibitor, upregulated the transcription and expression of TXNIP in HG-induced ARPE-19 cells; 1,8-cineole failed to reverse this upregulated expression. To explore these relationships, we constructed a PPAR-γ adenovirus shRNA to elucidate the effect of 1,8-cineole on the negative regulation of TXNIP by PPAR-γ. Taken together, the present findings indicate that HG-induced ferroptosis in retinal tissue plays an essential role in the pathogenesis of DR, which can be ameliorated by 1,8-cineole.
Topics: Mice; Animals; Retinal Pigment Epithelium; Diabetic Retinopathy; Eucalyptol; Ferroptosis; PPAR gamma; Thioredoxins; Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus
PubMed: 37271074
DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114978