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Sportverletzung Sportschaden : Organ... Jun 2024Ultrasound (US) has numerous applications in sports traumatology. The technical progress of mobile US devices has led to increasing use of ultrasound as a primary... (Review)
Review
Ultrasound (US) has numerous applications in sports traumatology. The technical progress of mobile US devices has led to increasing use of ultrasound as a primary diagnostic tool. New applications such as elastography and 3 D vascularization are used for special indications.The purpose of this review is to present the current status of ultrasound in the diagnosis of sports injuries and sport traumatology including established applications and new technical advances. US is presented both in its comparison to other imaging modalities and as a sole diagnostic tool.US can be used for initial diagnosis to improve the clinical examination and for intensive shortterm follow-up imaging. The main areas of application are currently the diagnosis of acute muscle and tendon injuries as well as overuse injuries. In particular, the exclusion of structural muscle injuries can be adequately ensured with US in the majority of anatomical regions. The recently published guideline on fracture ultrasound has strengthened the clinical evidence in this area, especially in comparison to conventional radiography and in the development of algorithms and standards. The increasing use of mobile ultrasound equipment with adequate image quality makes US a location-independent modality that can also be used at training sites or during road games.
Topics: Humans; Athletic Injuries; Ultrasonography; Sports Medicine; Tendon Injuries; Traumatology; Cumulative Trauma Disorders
PubMed: 38781978
DOI: 10.1055/a-2267-1074 -
Sports Medicine and Arthroscopy Review Sep 2023Rotator cuff tears (RCTs) negatively impacts patient well-being. Artificial intelligence (AI) is emerging as a promising tool in medical decision-making. Within AI, deep... (Review)
Review
Rotator cuff tears (RCTs) negatively impacts patient well-being. Artificial intelligence (AI) is emerging as a promising tool in medical decision-making. Within AI, deep learning allows to autonomously solve complex tasks. This review assesses the current and potential applications of AI in the management of RCT, focusing on diagnostic utility, challenges, and future perspectives. AI demonstrates promise in RCT diagnosis, aiding clinicians in interpreting complex imaging data. Deep learning frameworks, particularly convoluted neural networks architectures, exhibit remarkable diagnostic accuracy in detecting RCTs on magnetic resonance imaging. Advanced segmentation algorithms improve anatomic visualization and surgical planning. AI-assisted radiograph interpretation proves effective in ruling out full-thickness tears. Machine learning models predict RCT diagnosis and postoperative outcomes, enhancing personalized patient care. Challenges include small data sets and classification complexities, especially for partial thickness tears. Current applications of AI in RCT management are promising yet experimental. The potential of AI to revolutionize personalized, efficient, and accurate care for RCT patients is evident. The integration of AI with clinical expertise holds potential to redefine treatment strategies and optimize patient outcomes. Further research, larger data sets, and collaborative efforts are essential to unlock the transformative impact of AI in orthopedic surgery and RCT management.
Topics: Humans; Rotator Cuff Injuries; Rotator Cuff; Artificial Intelligence; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Machine Learning
PubMed: 37976127
DOI: 10.1097/JSA.0000000000000371 -
Australian Journal of General Practice Nov 2023Both serious athletes and patients attempting to maintain or improve their health through exercise are at risk of a number of conditions that are not frequently...
BACKGROUND
Both serious athletes and patients attempting to maintain or improve their health through exercise are at risk of a number of conditions that are not frequently mentioned during medical training. Most of these are related to overuse.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this article is to improve general practitioners' knowledge of a specific group of exercise-related conditions that occur in the anterior aspect of the lower limb below the knee, commonly referred to as the shin region.
DISCUSSION
Many having been previously grouped under the relatively meaningless term 'shin splints', these conditions include, among others, bone stress reactions and fractures and chronic exertional compartment syndromes. Some resolve with rest and a gradual return to activity, whereas others are difficult to treat conservatively and might benefit from early referral.
Topics: Humans; Fractures, Stress; Exercise; Pain; Athletes
PubMed: 37935147
DOI: 10.31128/AJGP-03-23-6767 -
British Journal of Sports Medicine May 2024To determine the prevalence and incidence of musculoskeletal injury in amateur and professional golfers, and to identify common injury sites and factors associated with... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVE
To determine the prevalence and incidence of musculoskeletal injury in amateur and professional golfers, and to identify common injury sites and factors associated with increased injury frequency.
DESIGN
Systematic epidemiological review and meta-analysis.
DATA SOURCES
PubMed (Medline), Embase, the Cochrane Library and SPORTDiscus were searched in September 2023.
ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA
Studies published in the English language reporting the incidence or prevalence of musculoskeletal injuries in golfers at all anatomical sites.
RESULTS
20 studies (9221 golfers, 71.9% male, 28.1% female) were included, with mean age 46.8 years. Lifetime injury prevalence was significantly greater in professional golfers (73.5% (95% CI: 47.3% to 93.0%)) than amateur golfers (56.6% (95% CI: 47.4% to 65.5%); relative risk (RR)=1.50, p<0.001). Professional golfers had a significantly greater lifetime prevalence of hand and wrist (RR=3.33, p<0.001) and lower back injury (RR=3.05, p<0.001). Soft tissue injuries were most common, and diagnoses were typically non-specific. Injury frequency was not associated with age or sex. Two studies reported a greater injury risk in amateur golfers playing more than three and four rounds per week.
CONCLUSION
Over half of golfers are at risk of sustaining a musculoskeletal injury during their lifetime. Risks and patterns of injury differ between professional and amateur golfers, with professionals significantly more likely to develop lower back, and hand and wrist injuries. A recent international consensus statement on the reporting of injury and illness in golf should aid consistency in future research assessing the epidemiology of specific diagnoses, informing golf injury prevention and management strategies.
PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER
CRD42023408738.
Topics: Humans; Athletic Injuries; Back Injuries; Golf; Hand Injuries; Incidence; Musculoskeletal System; Prevalence; Risk Factors; Soft Tissue Injuries; Wrist Injuries; Male; Female; Middle Aged
PubMed: 38508702
DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2023-107324 -
The Journal of Hand Surgery Aug 2023Musculoskeletal injuries are common, and peripheral nerve injury (PNI) causes significant muscle and bone loss within weeks. After PNI, 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) improves...
PURPOSE
Musculoskeletal injuries are common, and peripheral nerve injury (PNI) causes significant muscle and bone loss within weeks. After PNI, 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) improves functional recovery and muscle atrophy. However, it is unknown whether 4-AP has any effect on isolated traumatic muscle injury and PNI-induced bone loss.
METHODS
A standardized crush injury was performed on the sciatic nerve and muscles in mice, and the mice were assigned to receive normal saline or 4-AP treatment daily for 21 days. The postinjury motor and sensory function recovery was assessed, injured muscles were processed for histomorphometry, and the tibial bone was scanned for bone density.
RESULTS
4-Aminopyridine significantly accelerated the postinjury motor and sensory function recovery, improved muscle histomorphometry, increased muscle satellite cell numbers, and shifted muscle fiber types after combined nerve and muscle injury. Importantly, the 4-AP treatment significantly reduced PNI-induced bone loss. In contrast, in the case of isolated muscle injury, 4-AP had no effect on functional recovery and bone density, but it improved muscle-specific histomorphometry to a limited extent.
CONCLUSIONS
These findings demonstrate the potential beneficial effects of 4-AP on the recovery of muscle morphology and bone density after combined muscle and nerve injury.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Nerve injuries frequently involve muscle and result in rapid muscle and bone atrophy. In this scenario, 4-AP, in addition to accelerating nerve functional recovery, might work as an adjunctive agent to improve the recovery of injured muscle and attenuate PNI-induced bone loss.
Topics: Mice; Animals; 4-Aminopyridine; Sciatic Nerve; Muscular Atrophy; Muscles; Peripheral Nerve Injuries; Bone Diseases, Metabolic; Recovery of Function; Nerve Regeneration
PubMed: 35418340
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2022.01.031 -
Frontiers in Public Health 2023This review delves into the intersection of two prevalent conditions, hyperlipidemia and rotator cuff injuries, both of which bear substantial healthcare burdens. Our... (Review)
Review
This review delves into the intersection of two prevalent conditions, hyperlipidemia and rotator cuff injuries, both of which bear substantial healthcare burdens. Our investigation begins with an exploration of rotator cuff injuries, common musculoskeletal disorders that severely impair shoulder functionality and quality of life. These injuries are notably pervasive among sports enthusiasts and the older adult, with an incidence rate estimated at 5-10% in the general population. Despite their widespread occurrence and the diverse, multifactorial etiological factors, effective treatment strategies remain elusive. We then examine hyperlipidemia, a metabolic disorder affecting approximately 40% of the global adult population. Characterized by elevated levels of cholesterol and triglycerides, hyperlipidemia can precipitate severe cardiovascular complications and presents a significant socioeconomic burden. Although current management strategies encompass lifestyle modifications and pharmacological interventions, the condition remains a formidable health challenge. Central to this review is the exploration of a potential association between hyperlipidemia and rotator cuff injuries. We aim to synthesize the current understanding of hyperlipidemia's role in the pathophysiology of rotator cuff injuries, thereby offering fresh insights into their common etiological underpinnings, potential therapeutic targets, and drugs, such as Statins. The influence of other lipid-lowering therapeutics on tendon health is also considered, and further research into the molecular pathways and potential therapeutic benefits of these drugs is required. This pursuit aligns with broader efforts to enhance patient outcomes, minimize healthcare burdens, and contribute to the global understanding of these prevalent conditions.
Topics: Humans; Aged; Rotator Cuff Injuries; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; Hyperlipidemias; Rotator Cuff; Quality of Life
PubMed: 37965515
DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1279118 -
Georgian Medical News Oct 2023Preschool children's harmonious development, cognitive and communicative abilities are enhanced through physical activities in sports, yet sports training and... (Review)
Review
Preschool children's harmonious development, cognitive and communicative abilities are enhanced through physical activities in sports, yet sports training and competition pose a risk of injury to children aged three to seven years due to their physiological and psychological features. Although sports injuries in preschool children are not common, they can be undesirable and unavoidable, and fortunately, these injuries are usually reversible. This review article presents data on the physiological features of the developing musculoskeletal system and its relationship to sports injuries in children, which together determine the nature of children's sports injuries. We also present a classification of sports injuries among preschool children, based on the literature, which considers the type, location, and severity of the trauma as estimated by the duration of mandatory missed practice.
Topics: Child, Preschool; Humans; Adolescent; Athletic Injuries; Sports; Exercise
PubMed: 38096517
DOI: No ID Found -
Injury Dec 2023With the advent of mixed martial arts (MMA) growing in popularity, there has been a described increase in its participation. The term MMA generally describes the...
INTRODUCTION
With the advent of mixed martial arts (MMA) growing in popularity, there has been a described increase in its participation. The term MMA generally describes the hybridization of combat disciplines including but not limited to: karate, judo, jiu-jitsu, wrestling, taekwondo, boxing, kickboxing, and Muay Thai. With increased participation in MMA and martial arts, differing physical demands are placed on participants. Due to the physical nature of combat sports, there are injuries associated with participation. The purpose of this study is to report the incidence and characteristics of injuries seen from various martial art disciplines presenting to United States Emergency Rooms in order to educate participants and providers alike about risks assumed with participating in martial arts.
METHODS
The National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) database was queried for martial arts-related injuries from 2009 to 2019. Cases were examined and data including patient age and gender, injury type and location, hospital disposition, and type of martial arts practiced were extracted.
RESULTS
A total of 8,400 injuries were recorded, leading to a national estimate of 310,143 martial-arts related injuries over the 11 year period of 2009-2019 (95 % CI 239,063-381,223). The most common types of injuries were strains/sprains (n = 2664, 31.7 %), fractures (n = 1,575, 18.8 %), and contusions/abrasions (n = 1,698, 20.2 %). There were 260 dislocations, with shoulder dislocations being most common (n = 96, 36.9 %). Lower extremities were affected more frequently than upper extremities (n = 3566, 42.5 % versus n = 3026, 36.0 %), with the knee being the single most common location of injury (n = 811, 9.7 %). Males more commonly sustained fractures (19.7 % versus 17.4 %, p = 0.03) and dislocations (3.5 % versus 2.4 %, p = 0.01) when compared to females. Ankle injuries were more common in females than males (10.4 % versus 6.0 %, p < 0.001). Only 2.2 % of patients required admission to the hospital. Risk factors for admission included patients >35 years of age and male sex.
CONCLUSION
Martial arts injuries are a significant source of musculoskeletal injuries among patients presenting to US emergency rooms. Lower extremity injuries are seen most frequently, with patients rarely requiring hospital admission. Using this information, both providers and participants may be better equipped to make educated decisions on injury prevention and treatment.
Topics: Female; Humans; Male; Martial Arts; Wrestling; Joint Dislocations; Upper Extremity; Fractures, Bone; Emergency Service, Hospital; Athletic Injuries
PubMed: 37867023
DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2023.111089 -
Journal of Orthopaedic Research :... Oct 2023Tissue level properties are commonly studied using histological stains assessed with qualitative scoring methods. As qualitative evaluation is typically insensitive,...
Tissue level properties are commonly studied using histological stains assessed with qualitative scoring methods. As qualitative evaluation is typically insensitive, quantitative analysis provides additional information about pathological mechanisms, but cannot capture structural heterogeneity across cell subpopulations. However, molecular analyses of cell and nuclear behavior have identified that cell and more recently also nuclear shape are highly associated with cell function and malfunction. This study combined a Visually Aided Morpho-Phenotyping Image Recognition analysis that automatically segments cells based on their shape with an added capacity to further discriminate between cells in certain protein-rich extracellular matrix regions. We used tendon as a model system given the enormous changes in organization and cell and nuclear shape they undergo during aging and injury. Our results uncover that multiple shape modes of nuclei exist during maturity and aging in rat tendon and that distinct subgroups of cell nuclei shapes exist in proteoglycan-rich regions during aging. With injury, several immunomarkers (αSMA, CD31, CD146) were associated with more rounded shape modes. In human tendons, the cell nuclei at sites of injury were found to be more rounded relative to uninjured tissues. To conclude, the tendon tissue changes occurring during aging and injury could be associated with a variation in cell nuclear morphology and the appearance of various region-specific subpopulations. Thus, the methodologies developed allow for a deeper understanding of cell heterogeneity during tendon aging and injury and may be extended to study further clinical applications.
Topics: Rats; Humans; Animals; Tendons; Aging; Tendon Injuries; Extracellular Matrix; Models, Biological
PubMed: 37316467
DOI: 10.1002/jor.25649 -
Journal of the American Academy of... Dec 2023Lateral ankle sprains and instability are an increasingly identified pain point for patients, accounting for 20 to 25% of musculoskeletal injuries. Lateral ankle... (Review)
Review
Lateral ankle sprains and instability are an increasingly identified pain point for patients, accounting for 20 to 25% of musculoskeletal injuries. Lateral ankle injuries are especially concerning given the propensity for patients to develop chronic lateral ankle instability and for the high risk of reinjury on an unstable ankle. With the complex articulation of the tibiofibular syndesmosis, subtalar, and talocrural joints, pinpointing ankle dysfunction remains difficult. Multiple reviews have evaluated management and diagnosis of lateral ankle instability, but with newer treatment options available, a more comprehensive assessment of the current literature was conducted. Although multiple surgical options exist, many nonsurgical functional options have also been developed for patients that may help patients prevent the development of chronic lateral ankle instability. In recent times, many new options have come up, including in-office needle arthroscopy and continual advancements in diagnosis and our understanding of this difficult topic. Multiple reviews have evaluated the management and diagnosis of lateral ankle instability, but with newer treatment options available, a more comprehensive assessment of the current literature was conducted. Given this, this review will help to highlight new diagnostic and nonsurgical therapeutic options for the management of lateral ankle instability.
Topics: Humans; Ankle; Joint Instability; Ankle Joint; Lower Extremity; Ankle Injuries
PubMed: 38149942
DOI: 10.5435/JAAOSGlobal-D-23-00251