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Animal Microbiome Aug 2023Despite the long-established importance of zebrafish (Danio rerio) as a model organism and their increasing use in microbiome-targeted studies, relatively little is...
BACKGROUND
Despite the long-established importance of zebrafish (Danio rerio) as a model organism and their increasing use in microbiome-targeted studies, relatively little is known about how husbandry practices involving diet impact the zebrafish gut microbiome. Given the microbiome's important role in mediating host physiology and the potential for diet to drive variation in microbiome composition, we sought to clarify how three different dietary formulations that are commonly used in zebrafish facilities impact the gut microbiome. We compared the composition of gut microbiomes in approximately 60 AB line adult (129- and 214-day-old) zebrafish fed each diet throughout their lifespan.
RESULTS
Our analysis finds that diet has a substantial impact on the composition of the gut microbiome in adult fish, and that diet also impacts the developmental variation in the gut microbiome. We further evaluated how 214-day-old fish microbiome compositions respond to exposure of a common laboratory pathogen, Mycobacterium chelonae, and whether these responses differ as a function of diet. Our analysis finds that diet determines the manner in which the zebrafish gut microbiome responds to M. chelonae exposure, especially for moderate and low abundance taxa. Moreover, histopathological analysis finds that male fish fed different diets are differentially infected by M. chelonae.
CONCLUSIONS
Overall, our results indicate that diet drives the successional development of the gut microbiome as well as its sensitivity to exogenous exposure. Consequently, investigators should carefully consider the role of diet in their microbiome zebrafish investigations, especially when integrating results across studies that vary by diet.
PubMed: 37563644
DOI: 10.1186/s42523-023-00254-8 -
Cureus Apr 2024A 30-year-old African American male presented with pain and swelling of the right foot one month after receiving a tattoo on this foot in prison. During his admission...
A 30-year-old African American male presented with pain and swelling of the right foot one month after receiving a tattoo on this foot in prison. During his admission for presumed cellulitis, he developed a rash on his contralateral (left) leg, which had been tattooed 10 months prior. A biopsy of the contralateral (left) leg showed acute, chronic, and granulomatous inflammation with a differential diagnosis including infection. His overall condition and both legs worsened, prompting biopsy and tissue culture of the right ankle and foot. Pathology of the right foot showed a granulomatous reaction. Culture grew This case highlights the importance of considering infectious etiologies for rashes appearing within tattoos and represents the importance of a full investigation to obtain the correct diagnosis.
PubMed: 38741831
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.58186 -
Emerging Microbes & Infections Dec 2023Numbers of non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) pulmonary diseases (PD) have been repeatedly reported as increasing over the last decades, particularly in Europe. Sound...
Numbers of non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) pulmonary diseases (PD) have been repeatedly reported as increasing over the last decades, particularly in Europe. Sound epidemiological data are however missing for most European regions. This study calculated prevalence and incidence of NTM recovered from patients' lungs in Germany, the largest Central European country, over a five-year period. It furthermore determined regional particularities of NTM species and results from susceptibility testing. 22 German NTM laboratories provided their mycobacteriological diagnostic data of 11,430 NTM isolates recovered from 5998 pulmonary patients representing 30% of all notified NTM-PD cases of Germany from 2016 to 2020. NTM incidence and prevalence were calculated for every study year. The presented epidemiological indicators are particularly reliant as TB surveillance data were used as a reference and TB notification reaches almost 100% in Germany. Laboratory incidence and prevalence of NTM recovered from respiratory samples ranged from 4.5-4.9 and from 5.3-5.8/100,000 for the population of Germany, respectively, and did not change over the five-year study period. Prevalence and incidence were stable also when stratifying for facultative pathogenic NTM, complex (MAIC), and complex (MABSC). The proportion of NTM with drug susceptibility testing (DST) increased from 27.3% (2016) to 43.8% (2020). The unchanging laboratory NTM prevalence/incidence in Germany represents a "ceiling" of possible NTM-PD notification when diagnostic strategies do not change in the coming years. A notable increase in NTM-DST may indicate better notification of NTM-PD and/or awareness of new clinical guidelines but still remains below clinical needs.
Topics: Humans; Nontuberculous Mycobacteria; Prevalence; Incidence; Laboratories; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Lung Diseases
PubMed: 37883336
DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2023.2276342 -
Surgical Case Reports Jul 2023Mycobacterium chelonae, a nontuberculous mycobacterium, commonly causes skin, soft tissue, eye, pulmonary, catheter-related, and post-surgical infections in patients...
BACKGROUND
Mycobacterium chelonae, a nontuberculous mycobacterium, commonly causes skin, soft tissue, eye, pulmonary, catheter-related, and post-surgical infections in patients with immunosuppression or trauma. M. chelonae breast infections are rare, and most cases occur following cosmetic surgery. Here, we report the first case of spontaneous breast abscess due to M. chelonae.
CASE PRESENTATION
A 22-year-old Japanese woman presented at our hospital with swelling and pain in the right breast for the past 2 weeks without any fever. She had a 19-month-old child and stopped breastfeeding 1 month after giving birth. The patient had no history of trauma or breast surgeries, no family history of breast cancer, and was not immunocompromised. Breast ultrasonography revealed a heterogeneous hypoechoic lesion with multiple fluid-filled areas suspected to be abscesses. Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging revealed a 64 × 58 × 62 mm, ill-defined, high-signal-intensity lesion with multiple ring enhancements in the upper half of the right breast. The first diagnosis was inflammatory breast cancer or granulomatous mastitis with abscess. A core needle biopsy led to drainage of pus. Gram staining did not reveal any bacteria in the pus, but the colonies from the biopsy grew on blood and chocolate agar cultures. Mass spectrometry detected M. chelonae in these colonies. Histopathological findings revealed mastitis without malignancy. The patient's treatment regimen was oral clarithromycin (CAM) based on susceptibility. Three weeks later, although the pus had reduced, the induration in the breast did not resolve; therefore, multidrug antibiotic treatment was initiated. The patient received amikacin and imipenem infusion therapy for 2 weeks, followed by continuation of CAM. Three weeks later, tenderness in the right breast recurred with slight pus discharge. Hence, minocycline (MINO) was added to the treatment. The patient stopped CAM and MINO treatment 2 weeks later. There was no recurrence 2 years after treatment.
CONCLUSION
We report a case of M. chelonae breast infection and abscess formation in a 22-year-old Japanese woman without obvious risk factors. M. chelonae infection should be considered in cases of intractable breast abscess, even in patients without immunosuppression or trauma.
PubMed: 37405585
DOI: 10.1186/s40792-023-01706-8 -
JAAD Case Reports Jul 2023
PubMed: 37492428
DOI: 10.1016/j.jdcr.2023.06.013 -
Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology 2023Mycobacterium chelonae typically affect skin and soft tissue. Pleural involvement by this organism is exceedingly rare. A young female presented with persistent...
Mycobacterium chelonae typically affect skin and soft tissue. Pleural involvement by this organism is exceedingly rare. A young female presented with persistent respiratory complaints along with constitutional symptoms. She had already been treated with standard anti-tubercular therapy with inadequate response and had a recent onset of worsening of her symptoms. A detailed evaluation revealed M. chelonae and she responded well to antimicrobials. We report a case of Mycobacterium chelonae lung disease in an immunocompetent patient and its successful management. High index of suspicion with a correct etiological diagnosis is the need of the hour in current era of drug resistance.
Topics: Female; Humans; Lung Diseases; Mycobacterium chelonae; Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Adolescent
PubMed: 37945126
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmmb.2023.100434 -
Current Microbiology Jan 2024Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are environmentally acquired opportunistic pathogens that cause chronic lung disease in susceptible individuals. While presumed to be...
Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are environmentally acquired opportunistic pathogens that cause chronic lung disease in susceptible individuals. While presumed to be ubiquitous in built and natural environments, NTM environmental studies are limited. While environmental sampling campaigns have been performed in geographic areas of high NTM disease burden, NTM species diversity is less defined among areas of lower disease burden like Colorado. In Colorado, metals such as molybdenum have been correlated with increased risk for NTM infection, yet environmental NTM species diversity has not yet been widely studied. Based on prior regression modeling, three areas of predicted high, moderate, and low NTM risk were identified for environmental sampling in Colorado. Ice, plumbing biofilms, and sink tap water samples were collected from publicly accessible freshwater sources. All samples were microbiologically cultured and NTM were identified using partial rpoB gene sequencing. From these samples, areas of moderate risk were more likely to be NTM positive. NTM recovery from ice was more common than recovery from plumbing biofilms or tap water. Overall, nine different NTM species were identified, including clinically important Mycobacterium chelonae. MinION technology was used to whole genome sequence and compare mutational differences between six M. chelonae genomes, representing three environmental isolates from this study and three other M. chelonae isolates from other sources. Drug resistance genes and prophages were common findings among environmentally derived M. chelonae, promoting the need for expanded environmental sampling campaigns to improve our current understanding of NTM species abundance while opening new avenues for improved targeted drug therapies.
Topics: Humans; Mycobacterium chelonae; Colorado; Ice; Nontuberculous Mycobacteria; Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous; Sequence Analysis; Genomics
PubMed: 38238596
DOI: 10.1007/s00284-023-03589-2 -
MSphere Feb 2024Sudapyridine (WX-081) is a structural analog of bedaquiline (BDQ), which shows anti-tuberculosis and non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) activities but, unlike BDQ, did...
UNLABELLED
Sudapyridine (WX-081) is a structural analog of bedaquiline (BDQ), which shows anti-tuberculosis and non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) activities but, unlike BDQ, did not prolong QT interval in animal model studies. This study evaluated the antibacterial activity of this novel compound against , , and and . The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of WX-081 against three kinds of non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) clinical strains was determined using microplate-based alamarBlue assay (MABA), and the antibacterial activity of WX-081 against NTM in J774A.1 cells and mice was evaluated. MIC ranges of WX-081 against clinical strains of and were 0.05-0.94 μg/mL, 0.88-7.22 μg/mL ( subsp. ), and 0.22-8.67 μg/mL ( subsp. ), respectively, which were slightly higher than those of BDQ. For , , and , WX-081 can reduce the intracellular bacterial load by 0.13-1.18, 0.18-1.50, and 0.17-1.03 log colony forming units (CFU)/mL, respectively, in a concentration-dependent manner. WX-081 has bactericidal activity against three NTM species in mice. WX-081 exhibited anti-NTM activity to the same extent as BDQ both and . WX-081 is a promising clinical candidate and should be studied further in clinical trials.
IMPORTANCE
Due to the rapidly increased cases globally, non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) disease has become a significant public health problem. NTM accounted for 11.57% of all mycobacterial isolates in China, with a high detection rate of , , and during 2000-2019. Treatment of NTM infection is often challenging, as natural resistance to most antibiotics is quite common among different NTM species. Hence, identifying highly active anti-NTM agents is a priority for potent regimen establishment. The pursuit of new drugs to treat multidrug-resistant tuberculosis may also identify some agents with strong activity against NTM. Sudapyridine (WX-081) is a structural analog of bedaquiline (BDQ), which was developed to retain the anti-tuberculosis efficacy but eliminates the severe side effects of BDQ. This study initially evaluated the antimicrobial activity of this novel compound against , , and , in macrophages and mice, respectively.
Topics: Animals; Mice; Mycobacterium abscessus; Mycobacterium avium; Mycobacterium chelonae; Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Tuberculosis; Pyridines
PubMed: 38240581
DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00518-23 -
Microbiology Spectrum Jun 2024Tuberculosis (TB) and infectious diseases caused by non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are global concerns. The development of a rapid and accurate diagnostic method,...
Tuberculosis (TB) and infectious diseases caused by non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are global concerns. The development of a rapid and accurate diagnostic method, capable of detecting and identifying different mycobacteria species, is crucial. We propose a molecular approach, the BiDz-TB/NTM, based on the use of binary deoxyribozyme (BiDz) sensors for the detection of (Mtb) and NTM of clinical interest. A panel of DNA samples was used to evaluate Mtb-BiDz, /-BiDz, -BiDz, /-BiDz, and -BiDz sensors in terms of specificity, sensitivity, accuracy, and limit of detection. The BiDz sensors were designed to hybridize specifically with the genetic signatures of the target species. To obtain the BiDz sensor targets, amplification of a fragment containing the hypervariable region 2 of the 16S rRNA was performed, under asymmetric PCR conditions using the reverse primer designed based on linear-after-the-exponential principles. The BiDz-TB/NTM was able to correctly identify 99.6% of the samples, with 100% sensitivity and 0.99 accuracy. The individual values of specificity, sensitivity, and accuracy, obtained for each BiDz sensor, satisfied the recommendations for new diagnostic methods, with sensitivity of 100%, specificity and accuracy ranging from 98% to 100% and from 0.98 to 1.0, respectively. The limit of detection of BiDz sensors ranged from 12 genome copies (Mtb-BiDz) to 2,110 genome copies (Mkan-BiDz). The BiDz-TB/NTM platform would be able to generate results rapidly, allowing the implementation of the appropriate therapeutic regimen and, consequently, the reduction of morbidity and mortality of patients.IMPORTANCEThis article describes the development and evaluation of a new molecular platform for accurate, sensitive, and specific detection and identification of and other mycobacteria of clinical importance. Based on BiDz sensor technology, this assay prototype is amenable to implementation at the point of care. Our data demonstrate the feasibility of combining the species specificity of BiDz sensors with the sensitivity afforded by asymmetric PCR amplification of target sequences. Preclinical validation of this assay on a large panel of clinical samples supports the further development of this diagnostic tool for the molecular detection of pathogenic mycobacteria.
Topics: Humans; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous; Nontuberculous Mycobacteria; Sensitivity and Specificity; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Tuberculosis; DNA, Bacterial; Biosensing Techniques
PubMed: 38651877
DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03506-23 -
Infection Control and Hospital... Dec 2023A pseudo-outbreak of bronchoscopy-associated and was traced to contaminated ice machine water and ice. A nonsterile ice bath was used to cool uncapped, sterile, saline...
A pseudo-outbreak of bronchoscopy-associated and was traced to contaminated ice machine water and ice. A nonsterile ice bath was used to cool uncapped, sterile, saline syringes used to slow procedural bleeding. Joining the growing evidence of bronchoscopy pseudo-outbreaks, our investigation describes several lessons for future prevention.
Topics: Humans; Bronchoscopy; Disease Outbreaks; Ice; Mycobacterium chelonae; Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous; Water Microbiology; Cross Infection
PubMed: 37272469
DOI: 10.1017/ice.2023.101