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Anaesthesia, Critical Care & Pain... Feb 2024
Topics: Humans; Mycoplasma pneumoniae; Pandemics; Disease Outbreaks; Pneumonia, Mycoplasma
PubMed: 38072068
DOI: 10.1016/j.accpm.2023.101338 -
Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Oct 2023In recent years, there has been an increase in the number of patients diagnosed with pediatric diseases who have severe Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) pneumonia, and there...
BACKGROUND INTRODUCTION
In recent years, there has been an increase in the number of patients diagnosed with pediatric diseases who have severe Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) pneumonia, and there has also been an increased attention to serious extrapulmonary complications. However, cases with abdominal pain, acute abdomen, scrotal swelling and pain, and fever as the primary symptoms have been rarely reported.
CASE DESCRIPTION
A 3-years-and-8-months-old male patient diagnosed with pediatric disease was reported with abdominal pain, scrotal swelling and pain, and fever as the primary symptoms in the present study. No respiratory symptoms were observed throughout the disease. Through computed tomography (CT) scanning, the patient was diagnosed with severe MP pneumonia based on the symptoms of abdominal pain and fever, as well as pulmonary infection, pleural effusion, and retroperitoneal exudation. Laboratory tests supported the diagnosis of MP infection, and the diagnosis was confirmed by severe MP pneumonia. The therapeutic effects of azithromycin were poor, and the symptoms were quickly alleviated with the addition of gamma globulin and methylprednisolone. After discharge, azithromycin sequential therapy was administered. The chest CT was normal at the follow-up 1-month later.
CONCLUSION
Severe MP pneumonia in patients with pediatric diseases may include abdominal pain, scrotal swelling and pain, and fever as the primary symptoms. Care should be taken to avoid missed diagnoses and misdiagnoses in clinical practice.
Topics: Child; Humans; Male; Infant; Mycoplasma pneumoniae; Azithromycin; Abdomen, Acute; Pneumonia, Mycoplasma; Abdominal Pain
PubMed: 37904684
DOI: 10.1002/iid3.955 -
Medicine Mar 2024Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) infections occur in regional outbreaks every 3 to 7 years, lasting up to 2 years. Since this fall, there has been a significant rise in MP...
BACKGROUND
Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) infections occur in regional outbreaks every 3 to 7 years, lasting up to 2 years. Since this fall, there has been a significant rise in MP infections among children in China, indicating a regional epidemiological trend that imposes an increased national public health burden. To date, bibliometric methods have not been applied to studies on MP infection in children.
METHODS
We searched for all relevant English publications on MP pneumonia in children published from 2011 to 2023 using Web of Science. Analytical software tools such as Citespace and VOSviewer were employed to analyze the collected literature.
RESULTS
993 articles on MP pneumonia in children were published in 338 academic journals by 5062 authors affiliated with 1381 institutions across 75 countries/regions. China led in global productivity with 56.19%. Among the top 10 prolific organizations, 8 were Chinese institutions, with Soochow University being the most active, followed by Capital Medical University and Zhejiang University. Zhimin Chen from Zhejiang University School of Medicine exhibited the highest H-index of 32. Keyword co-occurrence network analysis revealed 7 highly relevant clusters.
CONCLUSION
The current research hotspots and frontiers in this field are primarily MP pneumonia, refractory MP pneumonia, lactate dehydrogenase, asthma, and biomarker. We anticipate that this work will provide novel insights for advancing scientific exploration and the clinical application of MP pneumonia in children.
Topics: Child; Humans; Asian People; Bibliometrics; Mycoplasma pneumoniae; Pneumonia, Mycoplasma; Public Health; China
PubMed: 38489686
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000037521 -
International Journal of Antimicrobial... May 2024In the Asia-Pacific region, Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) could be a notable pathogen responsible for adult community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), with varying prevalence... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
In the Asia-Pacific region, Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) could be a notable pathogen responsible for adult community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), with varying prevalence rates. This comprehensive review aimed to explore the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, macrolide resistance, and molecular characteristics of MP in adults across several countries in Asia.
METHODS
PubMed, Embase, and Google Scholar were searched for relevant articles from 2010-2023 based on the following keywords: adult and Mycoplasma pneumoniae.
RESULTS
The prevalence of MP in CAP patients in these countries ranged from 2.1% in Korea to 25.5% in Japan. Macrolide resistance was prominent, particularly in China, with rates ranging 26.9-100%. Clinical manifestations of MP infection included protean extrapulmonary manifestations, and complications such as rhabdomyolysis and thrombocytopenia. Molecular characteristics, especially the multiple locus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis type 4/5/7/2, remained predominant across various countries, emphasising the importance of ongoing surveillance.
CONCLUSIONS
This review highlights the urgent need for continued monitoring of MP infections, macrolide resistance, and molecular characteristics to inform effective prevention and treatment strategies in the Asia-Pacific region.
PubMed: 38754527
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2024.107205 -
Italian Journal of Pediatrics Sep 2023We investigated changes in microR-29c and microR-146a expression in the serum of children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia, analysed their relationship with...
BACKGROUND
We investigated changes in microR-29c and microR-146a expression in the serum of children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia, analysed their relationship with inflammatory factors and disease severity, and evaluated their diagnostic significance.
METHODS
Fifty-six children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia were enrolled as the Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia group; 37 healthy children were enrolled as the control group. The microR-29c or microR-146a serum expression levels were determined using real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Interleukin-17, tumour necrosis factor-alpha, and interleukin-1 beta levels were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The correlation between serum microR-29c or microR-146a expression and inflammatory factors was analysed using the Pearson's method. Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to evaluate the diagnostic value of serum microR-29c, microR-146a, and their combined detection in Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia.
RESULTS
Compared with that in healthy children, the microR-29c and microR-146a serum levels were significantly downregulated in children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia; the decrease was more obvious in children with severe cases than that in those with mild cases. In addition, microR-29c and microR-146a were negatively correlated with increased expression of interleukin-17, tumour necrosis factor-alpha, and interleukin-1 beta. Receiver operating characteristic curves showed that a combination of microR-29c and microR-146a was highly suitable for diagnosing Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia.
CONCLUSION
Serum microR-29c and microR-146a were underexpressed in children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia, and diagnostic accuracy was significantly improved with combined microR-29c and microR-146a detection. Therefore, both microR-29c and microR-146a levels can be used as biomarkers for the diagnosis of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia.
Topics: Child; Humans; Interleukin-17; Interleukin-1beta; Mycoplasma pneumoniae; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Pneumonia, Mycoplasma
PubMed: 37705091
DOI: 10.1186/s13052-023-01500-0 -
Nature Biotechnology Aug 2023Engineered live bacteria could provide a new modality for treating lung infections, a major cause of mortality worldwide. In the present study, we engineered a...
Engineered live bacteria could provide a new modality for treating lung infections, a major cause of mortality worldwide. In the present study, we engineered a genome-reduced human lung bacterium, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, to treat ventilator-associated pneumonia, a disease with high hospital mortality when associated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms. After validating the biosafety of an attenuated M. pneumoniae chassis in mice, we introduced four transgenes into the chromosome by transposition to implement bactericidal and biofilm degradation activities. We show that this engineered strain has high efficacy against an acute P. aeruginosa lung infection in a mouse model. In addition, we demonstrated that the engineered strain could dissolve biofilms formed in endotracheal tubes of patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia and be combined with antibiotics targeting the peptidoglycan layer to increase efficacy against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. We expect our M. pneumoniae-engineered strain to be able to treat biofilm-associated infections in the respiratory tract.
Topics: Humans; Mice; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Pseudomonas Infections; Pneumonia, Ventilator-Associated; Gram-Negative Bacteria; Gram-Positive Bacteria; Intubation, Intratracheal; Biofilms; Lung
PubMed: 36658340
DOI: 10.1038/s41587-022-01584-9 -
Emerging Microbes & Infections Dec 2024Paediatric pneumonia (MPP) is a heterogeneous disease with a diverse spectrum of clinical phenotypes. No studies have demonstrated the relationship between underlying...
Paediatric pneumonia (MPP) is a heterogeneous disease with a diverse spectrum of clinical phenotypes. No studies have demonstrated the relationship between underlying endotypes and clinical phenotypes as well as prognosis about this disease. Thus, we conducted a multicentre prospective longitudinal study on children hospitalized for MPP between June 2021 and March 2023, with the end of follow-up in August 2023. Blood samples were collected and processed at multiple time points. Multiplex cytokine assay was performed to characterize serum cytokine profiles and their dynamic changes after admission. Cluster analysis based on different clinical phenotypes was conducted. Among the included 196 patients, the levels of serum IL-17A and IL-6 showed remarkable variabilities. Four cytokine clusters based on the two cytokines and four clinical groups were identified. Significant elevation of IL-17A mainly correlated with diffuse bronchiolitis and lobar lesion by airway mucus hypersecretions, while that of IL-6 was largely associated with lobar lesion which later developed into lung necrosis. Besides, glucocorticoid therapy failed to inhibit IL-17A, and markedly elevated IL-17A and IL-6 levels may correlate with lower airway obliterans. Our study provides critical relationship between molecular signatures (endotypes) and clustered clinical phenotypes in paediatric patients with MPP.
Topics: Humans; Child; Mycoplasma pneumoniae; Interleukin-6; Interleukin-17; Prospective Studies; Longitudinal Studies; Pneumonia, Mycoplasma; Cytokines
PubMed: 38407218
DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2024.2324078 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2023Omadacycline is a novel tetracycline antibiotic that exhibits good antibacterial activity against atypical pathogens such as . It is approved for the treatment of...
Omadacycline is a novel tetracycline antibiotic that exhibits good antibacterial activity against atypical pathogens such as . It is approved for the treatment of adults with community-acquired bacterial pneumonia. However, the safety and efficacy of omadacycline in pediatric patients under 18 years of age have not yet been established. In the present paper, we report a case of pediatric community-acquired pneumonia in which initial empirical anti-infective therapy had failed. The patient received empirical anti-infective therapy with azithromycin and other antimicrobial agents upon admission but showed a poor clinical response and developed secondary tinnitus and liver dysfunction. After the confirmation of infection through metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, an antibiotic switch to omadacycline was made. Thereafter, the patient's condition improved, and no adverse reactions were observed. These findings demonstrate that mNGS enables the identification of infection-causing pathogens in patients with unresponsive pneumonia. Omadacycline can be considered as an alternative option for anti-infective therapy in pediatric pneumonia, especially when the presence of bacterial resistance, adverse drug reactions, or organ failure are taken into consideration.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Adolescent; Child; Macrolides; Mycoplasma pneumoniae; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Pneumonia, Mycoplasma; Tetracyclines; Community-Acquired Infections
PubMed: 37842004
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1244398 -
Epidemiology and Infection Feb 2024We report an outbreak of confirmed community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in Hospital, France, from 14 November 2023 to 31 January 2024. All 13 inpatients (11 adults with...
We report an outbreak of confirmed community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in Hospital, France, from 14 November 2023 to 31 January 2024. All 13 inpatients (11 adults with a mean age of 45.5 years and 2 children) were diagnosed with positive serology and/or positive reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) on respiratory specimens. All patients were immunocompetent and required oxygen support with a mean duration of oxygen support of 6.2 days. Two patients were transferred to the intensive care unit (ICU) but were not mechanically ventilated. Patients were treated with macrolides (n = 12, 92.3%) with recovery in all cases. No significant epidemiological link was reported in these patients.
Topics: Child; Adult; Humans; Middle Aged; Mycoplasma pneumoniae; Pneumonia, Mycoplasma; Community-Acquired Infections; Hospitals; Oxygen; France; Disease Outbreaks
PubMed: 38356388
DOI: 10.1017/S0950268824000281 -
Infectious Diseases and Therapy Feb 2024Mycoplasma pneumoniae necrotizing pneumonia (MPNP) is an uncommon but increasingly recognized severe complication of pneumonia, and the delayed diagnosis and treatment...
INTRODUCTION
Mycoplasma pneumoniae necrotizing pneumonia (MPNP) is an uncommon but increasingly recognized severe complication of pneumonia, and the delayed diagnosis and treatment are prone to pulmonary sequelae. The aim of this study is to explore independent risk factors for MPNP in children with lung consolidation.
METHODS
A retrospective observational study was conducted on 118 children with MPNP (MPNP group) and 184 children with lung consolidation of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) (control group) admitted to Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University from June 2018 to August 2023. Clinical manifestations and laboratory data were analyzed and the independent risk factors for MPNP in children were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression.
RESULTS
The age of onset, hospitalization days, fever days, proportion of dyspnea, chest pain, complications, and need for fiberoptic bronchoscopic alveolar lavage (FBAL) were higher than those in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The levels of white blood cells (WBC), platelets, neutrophil percentage (N%), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), C-reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen (Fbg), D-dimer (D-D), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), alanine transaminase (ALT), γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (γ-GGT), globulin, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), α-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (α-HBDH), urea, immunoglobulin G (IgG), immunoglobulin M (IgM), immunoglobulin A (IgA), complement component 3, antistreptolysin O (ASO), serum ferritin, and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the MPNP group were higher than those in the control group. Red blood cell (RBC), lymphocyte percentage (L%), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total protein, albumin, albumin-to-globulin ratio (AGR), creatine kinase (CK), uric acid, natrium, chlorine, calcium, and complement C4 in the MPNP group were lower than those in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age ≥ 83.50 months, fever days ≥ 10.50, ALT ≥ 15.25 U/l, IgM ≥ 1.46 g/l, complement C3 ≥ 1.47 g/l, Fbg ≥ 3.93 g/l, dyspnea and needing FBAL were independent risk factors for MPNP in children.
CONCLUSIONS
Age, fever days, ALT, IgM, complement C3, Fbg, dyspnea, and needing FBAL were independent risk factors for MPNP in children. For children suspected of MPNP, pediatricians should pay close attention to the above indicators, strive for early diagnosis and treatment, and improve prognosis.
PubMed: 38265626
DOI: 10.1007/s40121-023-00914-x