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Small (Weinheim An Der Bergstrasse,... Aug 20232D materials that can provide long-range ordered channels in thin-film form are highly desirable for proton exchange membranes (PEMs). Covalent organic framework...
2D materials that can provide long-range ordered channels in thin-film form are highly desirable for proton exchange membranes (PEMs). Covalent organic framework nanosheets (CONs) are promising 2D materials possessing intrinsic porosity and high processability. However, the potential of CONs in PEMs is limited by loose sheet stacking and interfacial grain boundary, which lead to unsatisfied mechanical property and discontinuous conduction pathway. Herein, chitosan (CS), a natural polymer with rich NH groups, is designed as the linker of dual-sulfonate CONs (CON-2(SO H)) to obtain CON-2(SO H)-based membrane. Ultrathin CON-2(SO H) with high crystallinity and large lateral size is synthesized at water-octanoic acid interface. The high flexibility of CS chains and their electrostatic interactions with SO H groups of CON-2(SO H) enable effective connection of CON-2(SO H), thus endowing membrane dense structure and exceptional stability. The stacked CON-2(SO H) constructs regular hydrophilic nanochannels containing high-density SO H groups, and the electrostatic interactions between CON-2(SO H) and CS form interfacial acid-base pairs transfer channels. Consequently, CON-2(SO H)@CS membrane simultaneously achieves superior proton conductivity of 353 mS cm (under 80 °C hydrated condition) and tensile strength of 95 MPa. This work highlights the advantages of proton-conducting porous CON-2(SO H) in advanced PEMs and paves a way in fabricating robust CON-based membranes for various applications.
PubMed: 37096933
DOI: 10.1002/smll.202302060 -
International Journal of Pharmaceutics Jan 2024Cyclosporine (CsA) is a potent immunosuppressant agent that has been used since 1980 for the treatment of various autoimmune diseases and is extensively used to enhance...
Cyclosporine (CsA) is a potent immunosuppressant agent that has been used since 1980 for the treatment of various autoimmune diseases and is extensively used to enhance the survival rate of patients and grafts following organ transplant surgeries. CsA is a poorly soluble drug with a narrow therapeutic window and inter-subject variability, which can lead to graft rejection, nephrotoxicity and other severe adverse effects. This study explores a novel method that combines solubility enhancement of CsA using SNEDDS formulation and personalized dosage delivery using 3D printing technology. The oil phase was chosen as a combination of caproyl 90 and octanoic acid while the Smix phase was chosen as a combination of cremophore El and PEG 400. The optimized liquid SNEDDS was solidified using PEG 6000. An FDM printer was used to print a capsular shell with an oval base that ascends to form a dome with an opening at the top. This opening is used to fill the molten CsA-loaded SNEDDS formulation using a pipette or syringe. The CsA-loaded SNEDDS formulation was characterized by FTIR, DSC and SEM/EDX. The in-vitro release of CsA showed complete release within sixty minutes and followed Korsmeyer-Peppas release kinetics. The drug release was not affected by either the shell opening size or the amount of the loaded formulation. This novel method is simple and straightforward for personalized dosage delivery of drug-loaded SNEDDS formulations.
Topics: Humans; Drug Delivery Systems; Cyclosporine; Emulsions; Drug Liberation; Solubility; Printing, Three-Dimensional; Particle Size; Nanoparticles; Biological Availability
PubMed: 38101759
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123707 -
3 Biotech Mar 2024Bioactive compounds in plants are essential for the formation of novel chemotherapeutic drugs, which have been used in Ayurveda to treat a variety of illnesses. Indian...
Bioactive compounds in plants are essential for the formation of novel chemotherapeutic drugs, which have been used in Ayurveda to treat a variety of illnesses. Indian medicinal herbs have been used for thousands of years to treat a variety of illnesses, such as fever, cancer, snake bites, rheumatism, skin problems, and neurodegenerative diseases. GC-MS was used to locate and categorize bioactive components in leaves. The results showed that presence of octanoic acid, methyl ester, decanoic acid, methyl ester, desulphosinigrin, l-gala-l-ido-octose, methyl tetradecanoate, Tetradecanoic acid, 6-benzoxazolesulfonamide, -(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-methyl-, 10-chloro-5-methoxy-5H-dibenzo[,][7]annulene, pentadecanoic acid, oleic acid, -hexadecanoic acid, hexanedioic acid, dioctyl ester, and squalene. The methanol extract of was effective against a wide spectrum of pathogenic bacteria at four different concentrations, with the highest activity against and It also showed moderate activity against and The pharmacological properties of , as well as their variety and comprehensive phytochemistry, could be exploited as a potent antimicrobial agent for future therapeutics.
PubMed: 38344286
DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03888-2 -
Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County,... Mar 2024Metabolic disorders and no response to intravenous nutrition because of sepsis have been urgent problems for clinical nutrition support. Enteral nutrition (EN) has been...
OBJECTIVES
Metabolic disorders and no response to intravenous nutrition because of sepsis have been urgent problems for clinical nutrition support. Enteral nutrition (EN) has been an important clinical therapeutic measure in septic patients; however, simple EN has not demonstrated good performance. This study aimed to investigate the effects of different concentrations of octanoic acid (OA)-rich EN on hypercatabolism in endotoxemic rats and test whether OA-rich EN could attenuate hypercatabolism through the acylated ghrelin-proopiomelanocortin (POMC) pathway.
METHODS
Rats were randomly divided into six groups: sham, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), LPS + EN and LPS + EN + OA (0.25, 0.5, and 1 g/kg, respectively) groups to investigate the effects of different concentrations of OA-rich EN on hypercatabolism in endotoxemic rats. The rats were then randomly divided into four groups: sham, LPS, LPS + OA, and LPS + OA + Go-CoA-Tat, to test whether OA-rich EN attenuated hypercatabolism through the acylated ghrelin-POMC pathway. Rats received nutrition support via a gastric tube for 3 d (100 kcal/kg daily). Insulin resistance, muscle protein synthesis and atrophy, inflammatory cytokines, ghrelin in circulation and hypothalamus, ghrelin O-acyltransferase (GOAT), and the adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-autophagy-POMC pathway were measured.
RESULTS
Compared with simple EN, OA-rich EN promoted the acylation of ghrelin in a dose-dependent manner and attenuated POMC-mediated hypercatabolism in endotoxemic rats. Inhibition of GOAT activity decreased the level of acylated ghrelin and aggravated POMC-mediated hypercatabolism conferred by OA-rich EN.
CONCLUSIONS
OA-rich EN could increase the level of acylated ghrelin and attenuate hypercatabolism through the acylated ghrelin-POMC pathway compared with simple EN in endotoxemic rats.
Topics: Humans; Rats; Animals; Pro-Opiomelanocortin; Lipopolysaccharides; Enteral Nutrition; Ghrelin; Goats; Acylation; Caprylates
PubMed: 38215672
DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2023.112329 -
Talanta Aug 2023This study demonstrated for the first time that hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents (HDESs) can be used in capillary electrophoresis (CE) for chiral separations. We found...
This study demonstrated for the first time that hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents (HDESs) can be used in capillary electrophoresis (CE) for chiral separations. We found that the an HDES methyltrioctylammonium chloride:octanoic acid (NCl:OctA) can exist in the form of nano-sized microdroplets in CE background electrolyte solutions, and show hydrophobic effects as a new type of pseudo-stationary phase (PSP) during CE separation. When used in combination with various cyclodextrin (CD)-type chiral selectors, the presence of NCl:OctA significantly improved the enantioresolutions of several model drugs. Moreover, the migration time of the enantiomers can also be reduced when an anionic CD (e.g., carboxymethyl-β-cyclodextrin (CM-β-CD)) was used. Critical factors influencing the chiral separations were systematically investigated including the HDES concentration, hydrogen-bond acceptor (HBA)/hydrogen-bond donor (HBD) ratio, CD concentration, buffer pH, and applied voltage, etc. An insight into chiral recognition mechanism with HDES is provided for reference. A comparison of the chiral CE performance of HDESs with traditional surfactants was also performed to demonstrate their superiority as a new type of PSP.
PubMed: 37121143
DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124556 -
Drug Testing and Analysis Nov 2023Plasma proteins have been a valuable source of biomarkers for clinical uses and for monitoring of the illicit use of prohibited substances or practices in equine sports....
Plasma proteins have been a valuable source of biomarkers for clinical uses and for monitoring of the illicit use of prohibited substances or practices in equine sports. We have previously reported the first use of label-free proteomics in profiling equine plasma proteome. This study aimed to refine the method by systematically evaluating various plasma fractionation methods and the use of narrower precursor mass ranges in data-independent acquisition (DIA) mass spectrometry (MS). Tandem fractionations of equine plasma with octanoic acid precipitation followed by solid-phase extraction (SPE) with C4 cartridges provided the largest increase in the number of new proteins identified. The use of two narrow precursor mass ranges of m/z 400-600 and 600-800 in DIA not only identified most proteins detectable by using a single mass range of m/z 350-1500 but also identified ~27% more proteins. The improved method was applied to analyse the plasma proteome of 'postrace' samples which, unlike other samples, had been collected from racehorses soon after racing. Multivariate data analysis has identified upregulation of 14 proteins and downregulation of six proteins in postrace plasma compared with the non-postrace plasma samples. Literature review of these proteins has provided evidence of exercise-induced haemolysis and changes in antioxidant enzyme activities, kinin system, insulin signalling and energy metabolism after strenuous exercise. The improved method has enabled a deeper profiling of the equine plasma proteome and identified the proteins associated with normal physiological changes after racing which are potential confounding factors in the development of a biomarker approach for doping control.
PubMed: 37986675
DOI: 10.1002/dta.3606 -
Cold Spring Harbor Protocols Feb 2024The positional preference of an animal can be very informative regarding the choices it makes about how to interact with its environment. The fruit fly has been used as...
The positional preference of an animal can be very informative regarding the choices it makes about how to interact with its environment. The fruit fly has been used as a robust system for examining neurobiological mechanisms underlying behavior. Fruit fly positional preference can be gathered from TriKinetics activity monitors (DAMs), which contain four infrared beams, allowing for tracking the position of individual flies along the length of a tube. Here, we describe a method for using DAM5Ms to examine food preference. Specifically, we show an example in which circadian changes in food preference are compared between different species. More information about the evolution of behavior can be gathered by measuring feeding preference relative to time of day. Noni, fruit from , contains octanoic acid, a chemical toxic to many species of and , both food generalists, show high sensitivity to octanoic acid, whereas , a specialist, can tolerate high concentrations. When two different food substrates are provided at each end of a tube, food preference can be inferred at various times of the day, using the sleep and circadian analysis MATLAB program (SCAMP) to extract and analyze positional data from DAM5Ms. Data gathered from these analyses can be used to compare avoidance or attraction to nutrients, tastants, or odors between species and genotypes or after specific different treatments. Additionally, such data can be examined as a function of time of day.
PubMed: 38336393
DOI: 10.1101/pdb.prot108181 -
Langmuir : the ACS Journal of Surfaces... Nov 2023The construction of intricate three-dimensional (3D) nanoarchitectures on surfaces through molecular self-assembly attracts attention not only from a crystal engineering...
The construction of intricate three-dimensional (3D) nanoarchitectures on surfaces through molecular self-assembly attracts attention not only from a crystal engineering viewpoint but also because of its potential in a range of applications, given the current interest in van der Waals heterostructures. We herein report the formation of porous structures on alkane buffer layers on graphite. A dehydrobenzo[12]annulene (DBA) derivative having six decyloxy chains forms hexagonal structures on -pentacontane and -hexacontane buffer layers through van der Waals interactions at the 1-octanoic acid/graphite interface. The structural features are very similar to those on the graphite surface, except for the slight structural distortion, which is attributed to the 2 symmetry of the buffer layer underneath. Moreover, based on the observation of small clusters of the DBA molecules, we discussed the nucleation and structural growth of the DBA network on a buffer layer. Finally, a hierarchical multicomponent structure was formed through the coadsorption of a heteromolecular cluster formed by a hydrogen-bonded isophthalic acid cyclic hexamer hosting a coronene molecule on the buffer layer. This study on supramolecular heterostacks provides insights into the construction of intricate 3D nanoarchitectures using self-assembly at interfaces.
PubMed: 37967133
DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c02327 -
Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin 2024Pirarubicin (THP) shows more rapid intracellular uptake, more effective antitumor activity, and less cardiac toxicity, compared to doxorubicin. However, THP is...
Pirarubicin (THP) shows more rapid intracellular uptake, more effective antitumor activity, and less cardiac toxicity, compared to doxorubicin. However, THP is distributed to both tumor and normal tissues indiscriminately. This study aimed to develop a nanosuspension to deliver THP to tumor tissues more efficiently. Fatty-acid-modified THPs (FA-THPs; octanoic acid, dodecanoic acid, palmitic acid-THPs) were synthesized to increase the hydrophobicity of THP. Nanosuspensions of these FA-THPs were then prepared using an antisolvent precipitation technique. Among the FA-THPs, the most efficiently drug-loaded nanosuspension was obtained from palmitic acid-THP (pal-THP) using an aqueous antisolvent containing bovine serum albumin as a stabilizer. The pal-THP nanoparticles in the nanosuspension were confirmed to be of optimal size (100-125 nm) for delivery to tumor tissues using dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy. The pal-THP nanosuspension showed cytotoxicity in colon 26 cells. The nanosuspension was shown to disintegrate in the presence of surfactants such as lecithin, liberating pal-THP, which was converted to free THP in acidic media. It is therefore proposed that pal-THP nanoparticles that reach tumor cells after intravenous administration would exert antitumor effect by liberating pal-THP (i.e., disintegration of nanoparticles by the interaction with cell membrane), followed by the release of free THP in the acidic milieu of tumor cells. These findings indicate that FA-THP nanosuspensions, particularly pal-THP nanosuspension, hold promise as a candidate for cancer treatment. However, further in vivo studies are necessary.
Topics: Fatty Acids; Palmitic Acid; Doxorubicin; Nanoparticles; Serum Albumin, Bovine; Suspensions; Particle Size; Solubility
PubMed: 38171901
DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c23-00701 -
The American Journal of Emergency... Apr 2024Traumatic cardiac arrest (TCA) is a severe condition with a high mortality rate, and patients who survive from TCA face a poor prognosis due to post-resuscitation...
INTRODUCTION
Traumatic cardiac arrest (TCA) is a severe condition with a high mortality rate, and patients who survive from TCA face a poor prognosis due to post-resuscitation injury, including cardiac and cerebral injury, which remains a serious challenge. Sodium octanoate has shown protective effects against various diseases. The present study aims to investigate sodium octanoate's protective effects against cardiac and cerebral injury after TCA in a porcine model.
METHODS
The study included a total of 22 male domestic pigs divided into three groups: Sham group (n = 7), TCA group (n = 7), and sodium octanoate (SO) group (n = 8). Hemorrhage was initiated via the right femoral artery by a blood pump at a rate of 2 ml·kg·min to establish TCA model. The Sham group underwent only endotracheal intubation and arteriovenous catheterization, without experiencing the blood loss/cardiac arrest/resuscitation model. At 5 min after resuscitation, the SO group received a continuous sodium octanoate infusion while the TCA group received the same volume of saline. General indicators were monitored, and blood samples were collected at baseline and at different time points after resuscitation. At 24 h after resuscitation, pigs were sacrificed, and heart and brain were obtained for cell apoptosis detection, iron deposition staining, oxidative stress detection, and the expression of ferroptosis-related proteins (ACSL4 and GPX4).
RESULTS
Sodium octanoate significantly improved mean arterial pressure, cardiac output and ejection fraction induced by TCA. Serum biomarkers of cardiac and cerebral injury were found to increase at all time points after resuscitation, while sodium octanoate significantly reduced their levels. The apoptosis rates of cardiomyocytes and cerebral cortex cells in the SO group were significantly lower than in the TCA group, along with a reduced area of iron deposition staining. The sodium octanoate also reduced oxidative stress and down-regulated ferroptosis which was indicated by protein level alteration of ACSL4 and GPX4.
CONCLUSION
Our study's findings suggest that early infusion of sodium octanoate significantly alleviates post-resuscitation cardiac and cerebral injury in a porcine model of TCA, possibly through inhibition of cell apoptosis and GPX4-mediated ferroptosis. Therefore, sodium octanoate could be a potential therapeutic strategy for patients with TCA.
Topics: Humans; Male; Swine; Animals; Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation; Heart Arrest; Caprylates; Brain Injuries; Hemorrhage; Iron; Disease Models, Animal
PubMed: 38199096
DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2023.12.048