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Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research Nov 2023The variability in tooth crown size (TCS) is influenced by genetic factors and might be regulated by the difference in hormonal response.
BACKGROUND
The variability in tooth crown size (TCS) is influenced by genetic factors and might be regulated by the difference in hormonal response.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This study aimed to evaluate the association between variations in TCS of permanent teeth with associated factors and genetic polymorphisms in hormonal-related genes (ESR1, ESR2 and PTH). This cross-sectional study involved dental casts from 86 individuals of both sexes. Dental casts were used to determine the maximum TCS of all fully erupted permanent teeth (except third molars) in the mesiodistal (MD) and buccolingual (BL) dimensions. Data such as sex, ethnicity, dental group (incisor, canine, premolar and molar), dental arch (upper and lower) and genetic polymorphisms of hormonal-related genes were used. The DNA from each patient was collected to evaluate the genetic polymorphisms in ESR1 (rs2234693 and rs9340799), ESR2 (rs1256049 and rs4986938) and PTH (rs694, rs6256 and rs307247) through real-time PCR. The data were submitted to statistical analysis with a significance level of 0.05.
RESULTS
In the MD dimension, the sex, dental group and dental arch were associated with variation in TCS (P < .05). In the BL dimension, the sex, dental group, dental arch and polymorphism in rs694 and rs307247 were associated with variation in TCS.
CONCLUSIONS
In short, this study suggests that genetic polymorphisms of PTH are associated with variations in the BL TCS of permanent human teeth.
Topics: Male; Female; Humans; Tooth Crown; Cross-Sectional Studies; Tooth; Dentition, Permanent; Bicuspid; Polymorphism, Genetic; Odontometry
PubMed: 36756694
DOI: 10.1111/ocr.12638 -
International Journal of Oral Science Mar 2024Human with bi-allelic WNT10A mutations and epithelial Wnt10a knockout mice present enlarged pulp chamber and apical displacement of the root furcation of multi-rooted...
Human with bi-allelic WNT10A mutations and epithelial Wnt10a knockout mice present enlarged pulp chamber and apical displacement of the root furcation of multi-rooted teeth, known as taurodontism; thus, indicating the critical role of Wnt10a in tooth root morphogenesis. However, the endogenous mechanism by which epithelial Wnt10a regulates Hertwig's epithelial root sheath (HERS) cellular behaviors and contributes to root furcation patterning remains unclear. In this study, we found that HERS in the presumptive root furcating region failed to elongate at an appropriate horizontal level in K14-Cre;Wnt10a mice from post-natal day 0.5 (PN0.5) to PN4.5. EdU assays and immunofluorescent staining of cyclin D1 revealed significantly decreased proliferation activity of inner enamel epithelial (IEE) cells of HERS in K14-Cre;Wnt10a mice at PN2.5 and PN3.5. Immunofluorescent staining of E-Cadherin and acetyl-α-Tubulin demonstrated that the IEE cells of HERS tended to divide perpendicularly to the horizontal plane, which impaired the horizontal extension of HERS in the presumptive root furcating region of K14-Cre;Wnt10a mice. RNA-seq and immunofluorescence showed that the expressions of Jag1 and Notch2 were downregulated in IEE cells of HERS in K14-Cre;Wnt10a mice. Furthermore, after activation of Notch signaling in K14-Cre;Wnt10a molars by Notch2 adenovirus and kidney capsule grafts, the root furcation defect was partially rescued. Taken together, our study demonstrates that an epithelial Wnt10a-Notch signaling axis is crucial for modulating HERS cell proper proliferation and horizontal-oriented division during tooth root furcation morphogenesis.
Topics: Humans; Female; Mice; Animals; Tooth Root; Tooth; Odontogenesis; Signal Transduction; Dental Enamel; Epithelial Cells; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Wnt Proteins
PubMed: 38480698
DOI: 10.1038/s41368-024-00288-x -
Frontiers in Cell and Developmental... 2024Epigenetics refers to the mechanisms such as DNA methylation and histone modification that influence gene expression without altering the DNA sequence. These epigenetic... (Review)
Review
Epigenetics refers to the mechanisms such as DNA methylation and histone modification that influence gene expression without altering the DNA sequence. These epigenetic modifications can regulate gene transcription, splicing, and stability, thereby impacting cell differentiation, development, and disease occurrence. The formation of dentin is intrinsically linked to the odontogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), which are recognized as the optimal cell source for dentin-pulp regeneration due to their varied odontogenic potential, strong proliferative and angiogenic characteristics, and ready accessibility Numerous studies have demonstrated the critical role of epigenetic regulation in DPSCs differentiation into specific cell types. This review thus provides a comprehensive review of the mechanisms by which epigenetic regulation controls the odontogenesis fate of DPSCs.
PubMed: 38863943
DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1394582 -
Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral... Aug 2023This study aimed to evaluate the outcomes of 2 types of drains for severe odontogenic infection management.
OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to evaluate the outcomes of 2 types of drains for severe odontogenic infection management.
STUDY DESIGN
Thirty-eight patients with severe odontogenic infections underwent drainage performed under general anesthesia. According to the type of drain used, they were randomized and separated into 2 groups: irrigating (n = 19) and non-irrigating drain (n = 19). Data such as age, ethnicity, sex, number of teeth, and fascial spaces were collected on admission through anamnesis. The clinical and laboratory parameters were checked every 24 hours until discharge. Symptom evolution was monitored daily using a visual analog scale. The Mann-Whitney U test was used for the primary outcome, and a P value < 0.05 was considered to indicate statistical significance.
RESULTS
No statistically significant difference in the overall length of stay was observed. Statistically significant differences in parameters such as pain, odynophagia, and leukocyte and segmented neutrophil counts were observed.
CONCLUSIONS
Non-irrigating drains may be as effective as irrigating drains in treating severe odontogenic infections.
Topics: Humans; Drainage; Head; Pain; Odontogenesis; Length of Stay
PubMed: 37316422
DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2023.02.004 -
Oral Diseases Apr 2024Epigenetic regulation plays important role in stem cell maintenance. Ptip was identified as epigenetic regulator, but the role in dental progenitor cells remains unclear.
OBJECTIVE
Epigenetic regulation plays important role in stem cell maintenance. Ptip was identified as epigenetic regulator, but the role in dental progenitor cells remains unclear.
SUBJECTS AND METHODS
Dental mesenchymal progenitor cells were targeted by Sp7-icre and visualized in mTmG; Sp7-icre mice. The Ptip; Sp7-icre mice were generated and the phenotype of incisors and molars were shown by micro-computerized tomography, scanning electron microscope, hematoxylin & eosin staining, and immunofluorescence. Dental mesenchymal progenitor cells were sorted by fluorescence-activated cell sorting from lower incisors and RNA sequencing was performed.
RESULTS
The Sp7-icre targets dental mesenchymal progenitor cells in incisors and molars. The Ptip; Sp7-icre mice showed spontaneous fractures in the cusp of upper incisors and lower incisors at 3 weeks (w), compensative overgrowth of lower incisors at 1 month (M), and overgrowth extended to the outside at 2 M. The molars showed shortened roots. The functions of odontoblasts and dental mesenchymal progenitor cells were impaired. Mechanically, loss of Ptip activates the Wnt pathway and upregulates the expression of Wls in dental mesenchymal progenitor cells. Also, the regenerative ability of lower incisors was significantly impaired.
CONCLUSION
We first demonstrated that Ptip was crucial for tooth development via regulating Wnt signaling.
Topics: Animals; Mice; Incisor; Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Molar; Odontoblasts; Odontogenesis; Sp7 Transcription Factor; Wnt Signaling Pathway
PubMed: 36648392
DOI: 10.1111/odi.14509 -
BMC Oral Health Dec 2023Accurate age estimation is vital for clinical and forensic purposes. With the rapid advancement of artificial intelligence(AI) technologies, traditional methods relying...
BACKGROUND
Accurate age estimation is vital for clinical and forensic purposes. With the rapid advancement of artificial intelligence(AI) technologies, traditional methods relying on tooth development, while reliable, can be enhanced by leveraging deep learning, particularly neural networks. This study evaluated the efficiency of an AI model by applying the entire panoramic image for age estimation. The outcome performances were analyzed through supervised learning (SL) models.
METHODS
Total of 27,877 dental panorama images from 5 to 90 years of age were classified by 2 types of grouping. In type 1 they were classified by each age and in type 2, applying heuristic grouping, the age over 20 years were classified by every 5 years. Wide ResNet (WRN) and DenseNet (DN) were used for supervised learning. In addition, the analysis with ± 3 years of deviation in both types were performed.
RESULTS
For the DN model, while the type 1 grouping achieved an accuracy of 0.1016 and F1 score of 0.058, the type 2 achieved an accuracy of 0.3146 and F1 score of 0.2027. Incorporating ± 3years of deviation, the accuracy of type 1 and 2 were 0.281, 0.7323 respectively; and the F1 score were 0.1768, 0.6583 respectively. For the WRN model, while the type 1 grouping achieved an accuracy of 0.1041 and F1 score of 0.0599, the type 2 achieved an accuracy of 0.3182 and F1 score of 0.2071. Incorporating ± 3years of deviation, the accuracy of type 1 and 2 were 0.2716, 0.7323 respectively; and the F1 score were 0.1709, 0.6437 respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
The application of entire panorama image data for supervised with classification by heuristics grouping with ± 3years of deviation for supervised learning models and demonstrated satisfactory outcome for the age estimation.
Topics: Humans; Young Adult; Adult; Artificial Intelligence; Odontogenesis; Technology
PubMed: 38102578
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03745-x -
Biomedical Materials (Bristol, England) Jun 2024This study aimed to investigate the effects of magnesium-doped bioactive glass (Mg-BG) on the mineralization, odontogenesis, and anti-inflammatory abilities of human...
This study aimed to investigate the effects of magnesium-doped bioactive glass (Mg-BG) on the mineralization, odontogenesis, and anti-inflammatory abilities of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs). Mg-BG powders with different Mg concentrations were successfully synthesized via the sol-gel method and evaluated using x-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. Apatite formation was observed on the surfaces of the materials after soaking in simulated body fluid. hDPSCs were cultured with Mg-BG powder extracts in vitro, and no evident cytotoxicity was observed. Mg-BG induced alkaline phosphatase (ALP) expression and mineralization of hDPSCs and upregulated the expression of odontogenic genes, including those encoding dentin sialophosphoprotein, dentin matrix protein 1, ALP, osteocalcin, and runt-related transcription factor 2. Moreover, Mg-BG substantially suppressed the secretion of inflammatory cytokines (interleukin [IL]-4, IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha). Collectively, the results of this study suggest that Mg-BG has excellent in vitro bioactivity and is a potential material for vital pulp therapy of inflamed pulps.
Topics: Humans; Dental Pulp; Magnesium; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Stem Cells; Glass; Odontogenesis; Cytokines; Cells, Cultured; Biocompatible Materials; X-Ray Diffraction; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; Alkaline Phosphatase; Ceramics; Materials Testing; Powders; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning
PubMed: 38740053
DOI: 10.1088/1748-605X/ad4ada -
Scientific Reports Jan 2024The classification and localization of odontogenic lesions from panoramic radiographs is a challenging task due to the positional biases and class imbalances of the...
The classification and localization of odontogenic lesions from panoramic radiographs is a challenging task due to the positional biases and class imbalances of the lesions. To address these challenges, a novel neural network, DOLNet, is proposed that uses mutually influencing hierarchical attention across different image scales to jointly learn the global representation of the entire jaw and the local discrepancy between normal tissue and lesions. The proposed approach uses local attention to learn representations within a patch. From the patch-level representations, we generate inter-patch, i.e., global, attention maps to represent the positional prior of lesions in the whole image. Global attention enables the reciprocal calibration of path-level representations by considering non-local information from other patches, thereby improving the generation of whole-image-level representation. To address class imbalances, we propose an effective data augmentation technique that involves merging lesion crops with normal images, thereby synthesizing new abnormal cases for effective model training. Our approach outperforms recent studies, enhancing the classification performance by up to 42.4% and 44.2% in recall and F1 scores, respectively, and ensuring robust lesion localization with respect to lesion size variations and positional biases. Our approach further outperforms human expert clinicians in classification by 10.7 % and 10.8 % in recall and F1 score, respectively.
Topics: Humans; Deep Learning; Neural Networks, Computer; Radiography, Panoramic; Odontogenesis
PubMed: 38291068
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52929-0 -
Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research Jun 2024This study aims to evaluate the potential impact of port wine stains on the development of permanent teeth in mixed dentition and provide insights for managing tooth...
OBJECTIVE
This study aims to evaluate the potential impact of port wine stains on the development of permanent teeth in mixed dentition and provide insights for managing tooth abnormalities in patients with port wine stains.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A retrospective analysis was conducted on 21 patients with mixed dentition and unilateral maxillary port wine stains. Two researchers concurrently utilized Nolla Analysis to assess the developmental stage of bilateral maxillary and permanent mandibular teeth based on panoramic radiographs. The cumulative developmental values of upper and lower permanent teeth on both sides were calculated, and a comparison was made between the developmental stages of the upper and lower jaws.
RESULTS
Port wine stains can influence the maturity of permanent upper teeth, within the unilateral maxillary port wine stains range, with an early developmental completion observed on the affected side compared to the unaffected side. While the developmental stages of the lower teeth on both sides showed similarities.
CONCLUSIONS
Port wine stains can accelerate the maturity of teeth on the affected side, leading to alterations in the order of tooth eruption and subsequent abnormal occlusion in children with mixed dentition. These findings provide a basis for developing appropriate management strategies for addressing tooth abnormalities in patients with port wine stains.
Topics: Humans; Retrospective Studies; Child; Male; Dentition, Mixed; Female; Port-Wine Stain; Radiography, Panoramic; Tooth Abnormalities; Odontogenesis; Tooth Eruption; Adolescent
PubMed: 38058228
DOI: 10.1111/ocr.12734 -
Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy 2024Tooth loss is a significant health issue. Currently, this situation is often treated with the use of synthetic materials such as implants and prostheses. However, these... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Tooth loss is a significant health issue. Currently, this situation is often treated with the use of synthetic materials such as implants and prostheses. However, these treatment modalities do not fully meet patients' biological and mechanical needs and have limited longevity. Regenerative medicine focuses on the restoration of patients' natural tissues via tissue engineering techniques instead of rehabilitating with artificial appliances. Therefore, a tissue-engineered tooth regeneration strategy seems like a promising option to treat tooth loss.
OBJECTIVE
This review aims to demonstrate recent advances in tooth regeneration strategies and discoveries about underlying mechanisms and pathways of tooth formation.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Whole tooth regeneration, tooth root formation, and dentin-pulp organoid generation have been achieved by using different seed cells and various materials for scaffold production. Bioactive agents are critical elements for the induction of cells into odontoblast or ameloblast lineage. Some substantial pathways enrolled in tooth development have been figured out, helping researchers design their experiments more effectively and aligned with the natural process of tooth formation.
CONCLUSION
According to current knowledge, tooth regeneration is possible in case of proper selection of stem cells, appropriate design and manufacturing of a biocompatible scaffold, and meticulous application of bioactive agents for odontogenic induction. Understanding innate odontogenesis pathways play a crucial role in accurately planning regenerative therapeutic interventions in order to reproduce teeth.
Topics: Humans; Tissue Engineering; Tissue Scaffolds; Tooth Loss; Tooth; Tooth Root; Dental Pulp
PubMed: 35984017
DOI: 10.2174/1574888X17666220818103228