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Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial... 2023Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) are found on the surface of all cells, where they allow dynamic processes to take place. These include cadherins, integrins, selectins and... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) are found on the surface of all cells, where they allow dynamic processes to take place. These include cadherins, integrins, selectins and Immunoglobulin superfamily. Directly associated with β-integrin tails is a multidomain protein known as paxillin. However, CAMs participate in cell-cell and extracellular matrix-cell interactions during histomorphogenesis in the various phases of odontogenesis. Some tumours or cysts like ameloblastoma (AB) or odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) having odontogenic origin show disturbance in the interaction of these CAMs. Hence, the assessment of paxillin expression in AB and OKC was carried out.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The present observational study comprised 30 clinically and histologically confirmed cases of AB and OKC. All the slides were stained immunohistochemically using a paxillin antibody.
RESULTS
Upon comparison of staining intensity of paxillin among AB and OKC showed statistically significant result, whereas quantitative staining and final summation showed non-significant result. Gender-wise comparison of paxillin staining intensity, quantitative staining and final summation among OKC showed significant result; however, in AB, staining intensity showed non-significant result, whereas quantitative staining and final summation showed significant result.
CONCLUSION
Paxillin has the greatest influence on tissue morphogenesis and development. The regulation of cell mobility is aided by the multiple roles that paxillin plays in a range of cells and tissues. However, further studies using a large sample size, along with other molecular analytical methods, may be essential to draw a definite conclusion about the association of paxillin and its exact function in OKC and AB.
PubMed: 38304525
DOI: 10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_312_23 -
Applied Immunohistochemistry &... Mar 2024Odontogenic keratocysts (OKCs) are aggressive cystic jaw lesions with a high epithelial turnover rate and increased propensity for recurrence. Sometimes, the...
Odontogenic keratocysts (OKCs) are aggressive cystic jaw lesions with a high epithelial turnover rate and increased propensity for recurrence. Sometimes, the characteristic histopathological features of OKCs are either completely lost or seen focally due to previous marsupialization or inflammation. This research aimed to determine whether specific patterns of CK14 and Bcl-2 staining could assist in diagnosing OKCs with altered epithelial features and provide clues in elucidating their aggressive nature. CK14 expression was restricted to basal and suprabasal layers near satellite cysts and in areas showing subepithelial split. The entire epithelial lining showed CK14 expression in areas of inflammation and after marsupialization. The typical basal/suprabasal staining of Bcl-2 was lost in areas of inflammation and intensity is decreased in OKCs after marsupialization. These new findings could offer a hint into the biological nature and pathogenesis of OKCs. Because of its therapeutic consequences and high recurrence rate, proper recognition and diagnosis are essential for treatment planning.
Topics: Humans; Odontogenic Cysts; Odontogenic Tumors; Inflammation
PubMed: 38146077
DOI: 10.1097/PAI.0000000000001182 -
European Archives of Paediatric... Aug 2023This study assessed the prevalence of maxillofacial lesions in children, i.e., 0-9 years, and adolescents, i.e., 10-19 years, in a Brazilian Oral Pathology Service and... (Review)
Review
Prevalence of oral and maxillofacial lesions in children and adolescents at a regional Brazilian oral pathology service: a retrospective study and the relevant literature review.
PURPOSE
This study assessed the prevalence of maxillofacial lesions in children, i.e., 0-9 years, and adolescents, i.e., 10-19 years, in a Brazilian Oral Pathology Service and compared results with available literature.
METHODS
Clinical and histopathological records from January 2007 to August 2020 were analysed and a literature review investigating maxillofacial lesions in paediatric populations was also performed.
RESULTS
Overall, "reactive salivary gland lesions" and "reactive connective tissue lesions" were the most prevalent group of soft tissue lesions, affecting children and adolescents equally. From these, mucocele and pyogenic granuloma were the most prevalent histological diagnoses, respectively, regardless of age. These findings were consistent with the 32 studies included. Considering intraosseous lesions, "odontogenic cysts" and "periapical inflammatory lesions" were the most prevalent groups, with no relevant differences between age groups, except for the odontogenic keratocyst, which was more prevalent in adolescents. Moreover, several odontogenic tumours, such as ameloblastic fibroma and odontogenic myxoma, were significantly more prevalent in children.
CONCLUSION
Most maxillofacial lesions presented a similar prevalence between children and adolescents. Reactive salivary gland lesions and reactive connective tissue lesions were the prevailing diagnostic categories, regardless of age. Some odontogenic tumours and the odontogenic keratocyst showed significantly different frequencies across these age groups.
Topics: Child; Humans; Adolescent; Mouth Diseases; Retrospective Studies; Brazil; Pathology, Oral; Prevalence; Odontogenic Cysts; Odontogenic Tumors
PubMed: 37099119
DOI: 10.1007/s40368-023-00800-7 -
Dentistry Journal Oct 2023Odontomas are considered hamartomatous lesions and are one of the two most common odontogenic tumors of the jaw. Odontomas are classified as compound or complex....
Odontomas are considered hamartomatous lesions and are one of the two most common odontogenic tumors of the jaw. Odontomas are classified as compound or complex. Recently, ameloblastic fibro-odontoma (AFO) and ameloblastic fibro-dentinoma were reclassified as developing odontomas. Though clinically odontomas are usually asymptomatic, they have adverse effects on adjacent teeth such as tooth impaction, delayed eruption, displacement of teeth, over-retention of teeth, and can give rise to odontogenic cysts within the jaw. We sought to evaluate the clinicoradiopathologic presentations of odontomas by collecting and analyzing the clinical, radiographic, and pathologic data of odontomas diagnosed in our institution from 2013 to 2022. Over this 10-year period, there were 242 patients with a histopathological and/or radiographic diagnosis of odontoma. There was no gender predilection and ages ranged from 3 to 101 years (median, 14 years). The second decade of life was the most prevalent (57.4%). There was no jaw predilection; however, the anterior jaw was the most common location. Ninety-four (38.8%) cases presented with clinical findings. The most common finding was tooth impaction ( = 83). Nine (3.7%) cases were histopathologically confirmed to be associated with other lesions such as dentigerous cysts ( = 8) and nasopalatine duct cyst ( = 1). The median age (25 years) of patients diagnosed with odontomas associated with cysts was older than patients with odontomas (14 years) without associated cysts. Compound odontomas were the most common type of odontoma compared to complex and AFOs with 71.4%, 26.6%, and 2%, respectively. The majority of compound odontomas involved the anterior jaw (69.3%) and mandible (54.9%) while the majority of complex odontomas involved the posterior jaw (59.6%) and maxilla (54.7%). The four AFOs were in the posterior jaw and 75% involved the maxilla. The median age (12 years) of patients diagnosed with AFO was the youngest compared to patients diagnosed with compound (13 years) and complex (16 years). In conclusion, we analyzed the clinical, radiographic, and pathologic features of 242 new cases of odontomas. Our study reaffirms that odontomas frequently affect the pediatric population and can disrupt their dentition. Based on the result of this study, our clinical recommendation to prevent problems to adjacent teeth from odontomas is for dentists to be apt in the diagnose of odontomas to ensure that they are surgically removed in a timely manner.
PubMed: 37999017
DOI: 10.3390/dj11110253 -
Journal of Veterinary Dentistry Dec 2023A 6-month-old intact male Dalmatian mix puppy was presented for the evaluation of left maxillary swelling due to a suspected cyst and an unerupted left maxillary canine...
A 6-month-old intact male Dalmatian mix puppy was presented for the evaluation of left maxillary swelling due to a suspected cyst and an unerupted left maxillary canine tooth. Removal of the unerupted left maxillary canine tooth (204) and enucleation of the cyst was performed, followed by histological analysis, which identified the maxillary swelling to be a cystic ameloblastic fibroma. Ameloblastic fibromas are rare in companion animals, and to the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first cystic variant reported in dogs. The clinical, radiographic, cone beam computed tomography, and histological findings of this case are discussed and compared with the findings of previously documented human and domestic animal cases.
PubMed: 38105440
DOI: 10.1177/08987564231219100 -
Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial... 2023Odontogenic, non-inflammatory maxillofacial cysts and tumours vary greatly in their ability to grow and cause local tissue destruction. Despite their common embryologic...
INTRODUCTION
Odontogenic, non-inflammatory maxillofacial cysts and tumours vary greatly in their ability to grow and cause local tissue destruction. Despite their common embryologic origin, the biologic mechanisms responsible for this diverse array of clinical behaviour are largely unknown. Unfortunately, even with accurate tissue diagnosis and appropriate surgical management, these tumours have relatively high recurrence rates. While this may be related to surgical technique, it may also be due to intrinsic tumour biology. SOX2 is differentially expressed in odontogenic cysts and tumours, which has an impact over patient prognosis. This could be related to their diverse cells of origin or stages of histogenesis. SOX2 is expressed in OKC and ameloblastoma, and in this study, we look forward to find altered levels and intensity of SOX2 in the above-mentioned lesions.
AIM AND OBJECTIVES
To profile the expression of SOX2 in odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) and ameloblastomaTo compare the intensity of these lesions, analyse their intrinsic feature and predict their recurrence.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Histopathologically diagnosed cases of OKC and ameloblastoma will be selected ( = 40). Paraffin-embedded, formalin-fixed sections of these lesions will be stained for SOX2 marker using a standard immunohistochemical technique. Positive control will be taken as oral squamous cell carcinoma and negative control will be taken as normal oral mucosa.
RESULTS
A comparison between the stained cell types in odontogenic keratocyst and ameloblastoma revealed statistically significant differences. The immunoreactivity scores of SOX2 were analysed in both groups. The results indicated that 45% of OKC cases exhibited strongly positive reactivity, while 65% of ameloblastoma cases were negative. Statistical analysis demonstrated highly significant differences in the frequency of SOX2 expression between the two groups, with a higher frequency of negative expression in ameloblastoma.
CONCLUSION
Stem cell markers have been observed in these lesions, suggesting the acquisition of stem-like properties by tumour cells, which can affect patient prognosis. Specifically, the marker SOX2 shows differential expression in odontogenic cysts and tumours. High expression of SOX2 in OKC indicates the presence of stem cells with significant self-renewal and proliferative properties, potentially signifying neoplastic behaviour. In contrast, weak or absent expression of SOX2 in ameloblastoma suggests different molecular pathways involved in its neoplastic behaviour.
PubMed: 38304494
DOI: 10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_265_23 -
Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial... 2024Glucose uptake may be considered the rate-limiting step for the growth and metabolism of the cancer cell. Studies on GLUT1 have shown that GLUT1 is involved in cell...
CONTEXT
Glucose uptake may be considered the rate-limiting step for the growth and metabolism of the cancer cell. Studies on GLUT1 have shown that GLUT1 is involved in cell survival and proliferation in both healthy and pathological circumstances. GLUT1 expression is regarded as one of the crucial elements in the development of local aggressiveness, tumour invasiveness, and metastasis, particularly in malignant tumours. The role of glut1 in odontogenic cysts and tumours has remained uncertain.
AIM
The aim of the study is to assess the expression of Glut1 in dentigerous cysts, odontogenic keratocysts, and ameloblastoma.
SETTINGS AND DESIGN
The study was conducted in GSL Dental College. The study design was a resprospective immunohistochemical study.
METHODS AND MATERIAL
Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded blocks of histologically confirmed cases (n = 50), 10 cases of odontogenic keratocysts, dentigerous cysts, ameloblastomas solid, ameloblastomas unicystic, and dental follicles each. Brown colour staining was considered as positive staining for GLUT1. Quantitative analysis was performed by counting the number of labelled cells, and semi-quantitative analysis was conducted by assigning immunostaining intensity scores.
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
Chi-square test was used to compare differences between the groups. A value of ≤0.05 was considered as statistically significant.
RESULTS
Odontogenic keratocysts and unicystic ameloblastoma showed ≥50% of label cells with strong intensity of staining. Odontogenic keratocysts and solid ameloblastoma showed sub-cellular localisation of staining in the cytoplasm and membrane. Dentigerous cysts exhibited combined nucleus, cytoplasm, and membrane sub-cellular localisation of staining.
CONCLUSIONS
The development of ameloblastomas, odontogenic keratocysts, and dentigerous cysts appears to be influenced by GLUT-1. Variation in its expression may aid in explanation of some of the differences in biological activity of these lesions.
PubMed: 38800443
DOI: 10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_455_23 -
Diagnostic Pathology Jun 2024Intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia (IPEH) represents an uncommon reactive endothelial hyperplastic proliferation. A 46-year-old man experienced increased... (Review)
Review
Intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia (IPEH) represents an uncommon reactive endothelial hyperplastic proliferation. A 46-year-old man experienced increased volume in the right maxilla, elevation of the nasal ala, and swelling of the hard palate with a reddish hue for 3 months. Computed tomography revealed an expansive hypodense region and cortical bone destruction associated with an impacted supernumerary tooth and an endodontically treated tooth. Under the differential diagnoses of a radicular cyst, dentigerous cyst, and ameloblastoma, an exploratory aspiration and incisional biopsy were performed. This revealed the formation of blood vessels of various diameters lined by endothelium, forming intravascular papillae positive for CD-34. The definitive diagnosis was IPEH, and the patient was treated by embolization and surgery. Histological analysis confirmed the presence of IPEH associated with an odontogenic cyst. After 12 months of follow-up, no recurrence was observed. Also, we reviewed case reports of IPEH affecting the maxilla and mandible. Fourteen intraosseous cases were reported in the maxilla and mandible, with a preference for males and affecting a wide age range. Complete surgical excision was the treatment of choice, and recurrences were not reported. The pathogenesis of IPEH is controversial and may originate from trauma or inflammatory processes. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of an association of IPEH with an odontogenic cyst. The importance of IPEH in the differential diagnosis of intraosseous lesions in the jaws is emphasized, and preoperative semiotic maneuvers are needed to prevent surgical complications.
Topics: Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Odontogenic Cysts; Hyperplasia; Diagnosis, Differential; Maxilla; Biopsy; Treatment Outcome; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Maxillary Diseases; Embolization, Therapeutic
PubMed: 38867285
DOI: 10.1186/s13000-024-01505-1 -
Journal of Oral Pathology & Medicine :... Jul 2023Reports on the proteomic studies of ameloblastoma and other common odontogenic lesions are limited. We thus explored the differential proteins among ameloblastoma,...
BACKGROUND
Reports on the proteomic studies of ameloblastoma and other common odontogenic lesions are limited. We thus explored the differential proteins among ameloblastoma, odontogenic keratocyst, dentigerous cyst, and normal gingival tissue using proteomics and identified hub proteins involved in the local aggressiveness and recurrence of ameloblastoma.
METHODS
Samples were obtained from 14 patients with ameloblastoma, 6 with odontogenic keratocyst, 9 with a dentigerous cyst, and 5 with normal gingival tissue. Proteins were then extracted, purified, quantified, and analysed using Easy-nLC chromatography and mass spectrometry. Further functional annotation and enrichment analyses were performed using Gene Ontology and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes on the target protein collection. Protein clustering and protein-protein interaction network analyses were used to screen the hub proteins. Proteins with significant interactions were screened according to their degree index. These results were verified by immunohistochemical staining. Proteins meeting the screening criteria of expression difference ploidy >1.2-fold (upregulation and downregulation) and p < 0.05 were considered differential proteins.
RESULTS
In ameloblastoma, 808 differential proteins were upregulated and 505 were downregulated compared with those in odontogenic keratocyst; 309 were upregulated and 453 were downregulated compared with those in dentigerous cyst; and 2210 were upregulated and 829 were downregulated compared with those in normal gingival tissue. The three groups of differential proteins were associated with cellular exosomes, antigen binding, complement activation, human papillomavirus infection, focal adhesion, cell adhesion molecules, and metabolic pathways.
CONCLUSION
CDH3 is associated with the local aggressiveness and recurrence of ameloblastoma and is a potential therapeutic target.
Topics: Humans; Ameloblastoma; Dentigerous Cyst; Proteomics; Odontogenic Cysts; Odontogenic Tumors
PubMed: 37057689
DOI: 10.1111/jop.13433 -
Molecular Biology Reports Aug 2023The recent classification of odontogenic keratocysts (OKSs) recognized them as benign neoplasms, although previous findings have revealed their aggressive nature.... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
The recent classification of odontogenic keratocysts (OKSs) recognized them as benign neoplasms, although previous findings have revealed their aggressive nature. Immunohistochemical and molecular analyses have investigated OKSs, but the role of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has not been fully investigated, despite the importance of this oncogene in the process of carcinogenesis in tumors of epithelial origin. The EGFR protein is usually overexpressed, and the EGFR gene is mutated or amplified.
AIMS OF STUDY
This brief review aims to emphasize the importance of EGFR detection in these types of cysts.
METHODS AND RESULTS
It was revealed that the majority of the studies examined EGFR protein expression using immunohistochemical methods; however, considering EGFR gene variants, mutations were less explored in the previous period from 1992 to 2023. Although EGFR gene polymorphisms are clinically important, they were not identified in the present study.
CONCLUSIONS
In light of the current significance of EGFR variants, it would be beneficial to examine them in odontogenic lesions. This would enable resolving of discrepancies about their nature, and potentially enhance classifications OKCs in the future.
Topics: Humans; Genes, erbB-1; Odontogenic Cysts; Odontogenic Tumors; ErbB Receptors; Oncogenes
PubMed: 37314601
DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08582-3